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鲁西南(中西部)地区普遍存在地下水中氟化物及矿化度含量较高的问题。电阻率与地下水矿化度关系密切,高氟又易与高矿化度伴生存在,因此赋存高矿化度地下水的黏土层与赋存可饮用地下水砂土层电性上的差异为利用电法在该地区勘查出可饮用地下水提供了基础条件。综合区内区域地质、水文地质及地球物理特征,对重点区的电测深曲线进行了精细的定性及定量解释,划分出重点区内含水层的埋深、黏土层及砂土层分界线,推断出了深层高阻层主要为含淡水砂土层。根据物探推断成果在牡丹区沙土集及曹县常乐集重点区分别施工了2眼钻井。结果表明,钻井出水量丰富,水质较周边有明显改善,直流电测深是在该区域寻找可饮用水资源的一种经济、有效的勘查手段。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地查布水源地地下水水化学特征及其影响因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据94件水化学样品的分析结果，对查布水源地地下水水化学特征及其空间分布规律进行了研究，并结合含水层沉积环境及补径条件探讨了地下水化学成分的影响因素，以期为水源地水质保护提供依据。结果表明：地下水水化学类型呈现明显的水平分带性，东部地下水中阴离子以HCO3^-为主，地下水水质一般较好，矿化度多小于1g／L；西部地下水中阴离子以SO4^2-、Cl^-为主，水质变差，矿化度明显增高；研究区硝酸盐污染比较明显，F^-局部超标，矿化度超标也比较明显；水质受含水层的沉积环境和地下水补径条件及人畜活动的影响明显。水源地开采后，其影响会加大，因此应制定合理的水源地保护方案。 相似文献
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山东黄泛平原区浅层地下水丰富，但由于含水层岩性以粉砂为主，单井出水量小，井水含泥沙量高，井易淤易堵，因而影响该层地下水的开发利用。通过对填砾厚度与单井出水量及井水泥沙含量试验资料的分析，得出适宜细颗粒地层分布区成井的最佳填砾厚度为１５０～２００ｍｍ。这一结论对该类地区浅层地下水开发利用具有指导意义 相似文献
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本文以丰富的实际资料，论证了地下水的卤素元素（F、Cl、Br、I）的形成、含量及其分布规律与含水介质成分、上覆岩土性质、地下水退流条件、氧化还原环境、地下水矿化度之间的关系。根据江汉平原东部区和鄱阳湖区地下水中Br、I元素的调查研究结果及它们形成的控制因素与分布规律，结合长江三角洲南部区水文地球化学环境条件分析对比，指出该区是一个形成Br、I矿泉水的有利地区。 相似文献
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通过对与海水、卤水、岩溶水和膏盐层地下水有成因联系的几个典型矿床的矿物包裹体溶液和地下水的水化学性质的研究表明,二者在离子成分、浓度和矿化度等方面都保持着明显的一致性。这种一致性是这些矿床的成矿溶液地下水起源的更为直接的证据。 相似文献
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基于涠洲岛地下淡水透镜体的水文地质特征和地下水资源勘查、开发利用中出现的问题和经验分析，提出了地下水资源合理开发利用和保护对策。 相似文献
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冯家山灌区是陕西省渭北黄土台塬大型灌区之一 ,在灌溉过程中 ,由于片面提高地表水利用率而忽视地表水、地下水联合开发加之灌溉技术落后等原因 ,在灌区诱发了一些生态环境负效应。在分析灌区环境地质问题的基础上 ,运用地理信息系统 (GIS)技术 ,将GIS与模糊综合评价模型集成 ,对灌区地质环境质量进行评价 ,并针对不同地质环境质量分区探讨了水资源合理开发利用模式 相似文献
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井工煤矿对生态系统的影响和破坏主要为采空区导致地表变形、地面塌陷、地裂缝等地质灾害,地下水系统破坏和"三废"排放等。该文认为人们对矿区生产及闭坑后地下水污染对农业的危害未能引起足够的重视,急需强行关闭用作灌溉的污染水井,然后需要进行监测、封堵、治污等工作,逐渐提高矿区地下水质量;认为煤矿高岩温岩体作为地热能的主要赋存体,具有较好的热导率,通过水源热泵系统提取循环水中的热量,可以将采空区周边的地温能加以提取利用,让煤矿在生产及闭坑后均能产生地热能源;认为制约煤矿采空塌陷积水区治理的关键问题是解决充填积水区和井下采空区填充物问题,提出改造鲁南运河,将黄河泥沙输送到济宁及周边矿区;认为治理历史遗留矸石山的关键问题是爆破削坡过程中发生崩塌、滑坡、扬尘等灾害,可以利用高压水枪,配合破岩机和挖掘机联合作业来解决。 相似文献
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邓伟 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1991,1(3):272-283
The results of water sample analyses and investigation in the head area of the Changjiang River reveal that the characteristics of hydrochemistry of the river vary with drainage basins. In the drainage basin of the Tuotuo River, the mineral concentration of water is generally high, ions of Cl and Na are obviously dominant. The water tends to be salty, and the type of hydrochemistry is rather complex. In the drainage basin of the Dam River, the mineral concentration is mainly in a low and middle level, ions of HCO3- and Ca2 are higher than others, and the type of hydrochemistry is relatively simple. The ground water in deep layers plays an important role in recharging surface water, and the stable recharging results in little change in chemical composition of surface water. 相似文献
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基于长时间序列MODIS数据的鄱阳湖湖面面积变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖泊是气候、水和生物地球化学循环的关键组分,遥感观测有助于获得湖泊面积变化及对环境的响应信息。本文基于长时间序列遥感观测提出了一种利用像元水淹没/陆地出露比例的湖面变化分析算法,并应用于鄱阳湖的湖面提取及变化分析。首先,用全年遥感数据合成获得当年最大湖面;然后,在此最大湖面范围内,识别出每景数据的水体和陆地状态;最后,统计一定时期内每个像元的水淹没比例,并据此分析湖泊的年际和季节变化特征。该算法的最大优势是克服了云的干扰,以及湖面快速变化造成的年际变化对比分析困难问题。算法应用于2000-2010年MODIS观测,分析结果表明,本算法检测出的湖面面积与鄱阳湖水文站水位观测资料非常一致;算法可以获得鄱阳湖湖面面积的显著季节变化信息;2000-2010年间,鄱阳湖湖面面积在丰水期未发现有规律的变化;在枯水期,2003年后湖面面积急剧减小。 相似文献
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Ever growing demand for water for agricultural activities in the Izeh Plain has enhanced the use of groundwater. Due to enormous groundwater abstraction since 1985, the overall static water level has receded by more than 5 meters reflecting that the aquifer is under stress condition. As a result, interest is focused on application of artificial recharge as an option for groundwater management to augment water supply in this area. Therefore, in the present investigations, suitable sites for artificial recharge were selected by an integrated surface and sub-surface assessment of the area. On the basis of the data collected from four target points, it was realized that the selected sites for artificial recharge could not meet water demand of the area. In this study attention was also paid to utilization of the existing Miangran Lake water as an alternative to combat water shortage for irrigation. The study further indicated that the available Miangran Lake water could be used for irrigation of the reclaimed agricultural land and enabling to convert 20o0 hectares of rain-fed land into irrigation. The total cost to utilize lake water is US$ 2,756,729 and it was estimated that the project could recoup the investment within 5 years which is quite reasonable in this water scarcity prone area. 相似文献
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《山地科学学报》2019,(12)
Land creation projects have been implemented in China to expand urban space in mountainous areas. In addition to the predictable settlement brought about by filling construction,varying degrees of land subsidence and engineering failures have a demonstrated relationship to groundwater level fluctuation induced by land creation engineering. In this work, we adopted a typical large-scale land creation project, Yan'an New City in Shaanxi province, West China, as our study area. Prior to conducting the main experiment,preliminary field investigation and groundwater level monitoring were conducted to determine the groundwater fluctuation trend induced by land creation engineering. Although a blind drainage system was implemented, the depth aspect of groundwater level changes after large-scale land creation still needed to be addressed. To study the degree of impact and the settlement mechanism induced by the rising groundwater level, we conducted a Water Immersion Test(WIT) in a typical land creation site for 107 days. The rising groundwater level was simulated by injecting water from the bottom of the filling foundation. During the WIT, the soil water content, surface subsidence, and internal settlement of soil at different depths were obtained. Surface subsidence development could be categorized into four stages during the water level increase. The second stage, which is defined as the point when the groundwater level rises to 10 m,marked the critical point in the process. Furthermore,it was ascertained that the local settlement in regions that were originally composed of steep slopes is larger than that in originally flat areas. In addition, ground cracks and sinkholes in the study area were inspected;and it was determined that they would become new channels that would accelerate water infiltration and exacerbate the settlement. Based on the results from our field investigation and testing, several suggestions are proposed for land creation projects to mitigate issues associated with construction-induced groundwater level rising. 相似文献
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地裂缝分类及地面沉降区构造地裂缝防治对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地裂缝类型多样,灾害严重.根据主导因素及动力类型,将地裂缝分为构造地裂缝和非构造地裂缝两大类和16个类别;基于地裂缝的工程地质特征、水文地质特征和活动特征,认为地面沉降区构造地裂缝发生超常活动的本质原因是地裂缝错断了含水层,在过量抽取地下水时地裂缝两侧形成明显的水头差,产生不均匀压缩,从而导致地表发生较大的差异沉降;提... 相似文献
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本文提出了一种湖面面积误差机理模型。首先,以椭圆形(或圆形)、三角形、六边形的面状地物为例,推算不同空间分辨率遥感影像提取面积间的关系,据此推测不同空间分辨率影像提取的湖面面积之间存在着较为固定的函数关系,且函数的系数与湖面的几何形状有关。然后,构建了不同空间分辨率影像的湖面面积间的误差模型,并用多组不同影像提取了艾比湖、阿雅克库木湖面积数据验证其有效性和适应性。结果表明:误差机理模型成功模拟了低空间分辨率影像提取的湖面面积与高空间分辨率影像提取的湖面面积之间的误差关系,可在一定程度上估计误差的具体数值并予以校正。因此,该模型具有校正低分辨率影像提取的湖面面积的能力,为在大区域范围准确地提取湖面面积创造条件。 相似文献
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本文通过区域水文地质条件、地下水动态及环境地质问题的分析研究,针对当前嘉兴市地表水遭受污染,地下水严重超采,造成区域地下水位下降及地面沉降等环境地质问题,利用长期监测资料进行地下水开来资源评价,提出合理开发利用地下水资源的区域规划意见,为政府部门水资源综合规划、确定地下水开采量、实施地下水资源开发利用监督管理提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN SALINE—ALKALI SOIL AREA OF SONGNEN PLAIN, NORTHEAST CHINA NORTHEAST CHINA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
WANGZhi-chun LIQu-sheng LIXiu-jun SONGChang-chun ZHANGGuang-xin 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(2):171-174
There is great potential for agriculture in saline-alkali soil area in Songnen Plain, Northeast China. Butthe sustainable crop production in this area has been restricted by a few of main factors, such as less precipitation, higherevaporation and frequent drought, high salinity and alkalinity, high exchangeable sodium content and poor infiltration ofthe soil, and insufficiency and low availability in nutrition. It is also considered that there are a few of favorable condi-tions for agricultural development in this region, such as sufficient light and heat resources, rich ground water resources,plenty of manure produced by livestock, and so on. At the same time, scientific management and measurements havebeen employed; rational irrigation and drainage system has been established; reclamation, amendment and fertilization ofsoil, and suitable strategies of cropping practices have been made for the sustainable development of agriculture. Great progress has been made during 1996- 2000. 相似文献