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1.
国内水文序列变异点分析方法及在各流域应用研究进展   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
变异点识别在区分气候变化和人类活动对水文过程的影响中具有十分重要的作用。近几十年来,国内水文序列变异点的研究逐渐发展,从最早的使用单一方法发展到由多种方法组成的水文序列变异点诊断系统和对部分方法的改进。同时,各种方法在中国各主要流域得到广泛应用,但是使用的方法不同,水文序列时间年限不同,得到的变异点的结果也不完全一致。本文将目前普遍采用的方法及在各流域的应用成果进行了系统总结,为今后水文序列变异点的方法改进及其在流域中的应用发展提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
针对变化环境下的非一致性年径流序列,提出了基于跳跃分析的水资源评价方法.该方法假设非一致性年径流序列由相对一致的随机性成分和非一致的确定性成分两部分组成,采用水文变异综合诊断方法识别与检验年径流序列的变异点,并用变异前后序列均值之间的差值描述序列的确定性成分;根据时间序列分析的分解与合成理论,对年径流序列的随机性成分进行提取,采用有约束加权适线法对其进行频率计算;将确定性的预测值和随机性的设计值进行合成,得到过去、现在和未来不同时期年径流合成序列的频率分布.对无定河流域进行了实例验证,结果表明年径流量序列在1971年前后跳跃变异显著;多年平均地表水资源量在过去(1971年以前)、现在(2000年)和未来(2010年)三个时期的评价结果分别为:15.766×108 m3、10.228×108m3、10.228×108m3,未来与现在相同,而未来与过去相比减小约35.1%,这种情形对无定河流域水资源的开发利用极为不利.  相似文献   

3.
邹悦  张勃 《地理科学进展》2012,31(5):625-631
生态需水是当前水问题研究中的一个热点问题, 对于生态环境急剧恶化的内陆干旱区来说, 这一研究尤为紧迫。气候变化及人类活动导致水文变异, 进而改变了当地生态系统的水文及生态平衡状况。文章采用黑河流域莺落峡站1947-2006 年月径流序列资料, 运用差积曲线-秩检验联合法来识别水文过程变异点并分析变异成因, 然后对各月平均流量序列用线性矩法推求GEV分布参数, 求出概率密度最大流量, 将其视为相应月河道内生态流量, 可以得到黑河莺落峡站河道内生态需水情况。结果表明, 基于水文变异情况分析河道内生态需水的计算方法在黑河上游是可行的;水文变异前后, 站点满足生态需水频率会发生显著变化, 因气候原因而导致的径流量变化是很难避免的, 科学合理计算生态需水对干旱区河流生态管理和经济社会可持续发展有重要作用和意义。  相似文献   

4.
复杂流域水资源变化模拟的自适应系统识别单元模型   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
左其亭  张云 《干旱区地理》2006,29(4):557-562
针对复杂流域水资源变化模拟这一难点问题,基于单元模型思想,依据水量平衡原理,采用水文系统识别方法,提出了自适应系统识别单元模型(ASIU),并在塔里木河流域进行应用检验。该模型方法集单元模型方法、水量平衡模型方法、水文系统识别方法之优点,能实时“自适应”模拟复杂流域水资源系统变化。通过应用实例分析,可以看出该模型方法具有显著的“自适应”、“适用于复杂流域”的优点,可为复杂流域水量调度和水资源管理提供基础模型和数据,具有重要的理论及应用意义。  相似文献   

5.
水文气象序列趋势分析与变异诊断的方法及其对比   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
日趋频繁的极端天气和水文事件对经济发展和人类生命安全构成重大危害,水文气象序列的趋势变化分析与预测研究是避免和控制这些破坏性全球环境变化的前提,也是目前亟待解决的科学问题之一。基于现代数学和统计学理论,气象学和水文学研究人员对水文气象要素趋势检验和突变点识别的方法做了大量的研究。针对当今普遍采用的参数统计、非参数秩检验和小波分析方法及其本质原理,在分类阐述的基础上,系统归纳总结了各个方法在应用过程中存在的问题及解决方案,并以黑河流域托勒气象站年平均气温为实例对比分析各方法计算结果的差异性,凝练出水文气象序列趋势分析与变异诊断的理论与方法系统体系,为今后理论方法的进一步改进及应用发展提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
滑动平均差检测法的提出及验证   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
包为民  沈丹丹  倪鹏  周俊伟  孙逸群 《地理学报》2018,73(11):2075-2085
时间序列突变点的检测研究是当前气候变化问题的关键环节,其方法和成果也较多,传统的检测方法因统计量结构不合理、假设条件不符合实际以及受主观因素影响等,结果常常缺乏可信度。本文提出一种新的时间序列突变点的检测方法——滑动平均差检测法,将该方法分别用理想时间序列和实际观测序列进行应用检验,并与现有常用的4种突变检验方法比较,发现滑动平均差法具有:① 结构简单、物理意义明确;② 检测突变点更精确;③ 能同时检测出所有突变点的突变位置和其突变强度3个明显的优势。综合利用滑动平均差检测法和传统的4种方法,对黄河流域几个重点水文控制站实测输沙量资料进行突变分析,结果表明:黄河上游输沙量在1986年发生突变,黄河中游输沙量在1979年和1996年发生突变,华县站和潼关站输沙量在1979年、1996年和2003年发生突变,造成输沙量突变的主要因素为水利工程建设和大规模水土保持措施等人类活动。  相似文献   

7.
考虑水文变异的黄河干流河道内生态需水研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
李剑锋  张强  陈晓宏  江涛 《地理学报》2011,66(1):99-110
气候变化及人类活动导致水文变异,变异前后样本总体分布显著不同,即改变了当地生态系统的水文状况,打破生态平衡。本文使用滑动秩和检验(Mann-Whitney U检验) 分析水文变异,并对水文变异成因做了系统的分析。在此基础上,对变异前各月平均流量序列用线性矩法推求GEV分布参数,求出概率密度最大流量,并将其视为相应月河道内生态流量。本文用该法计算黄河干流7 站各月河道内生态流量,即得河道内生态需水情况。分析表明,考虑水文变异的河道内生态需水计算方法是可行的;水文变异后,黄河流域干流各水文站满足生态需水的频率大大降低,汛期降低幅度比非汛期大;黄河生态系统水环境恶化的主要原因是人类活动。  相似文献   

8.
水系连通变异下荆南三口河系水文干旱识别与特征分析   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
为揭示水系连通变异下荆南三口河系水文干旱演变特征,运用荆南三口河系五站1956-2016年的月径流量数据,采用游程理论识别该河系水文干旱特征变量,并运用Kolmogorow-Smirnov优度检验法选出干旱历时、干旱强度和峰值的概率分布函数,构建出水文干旱特征联合分布Copula函数,对水系连通变异下该河系水文干旱特征进行深入研究。结果表明:① 1989年为荆南三口河系(1956-2016年)水系连通变异分割点;② 该河系连通性变异前后水文干旱特征均发生显著变化,水文干旱事件发生的次数增多,干旱历时增长,干旱强度增大,峰值增高;③ 各站点的相同单变量重现期下二维联合重现期在水系连通变异前基本上均比水系连通变异后长,二维同现重现期在水系连通变异前均比水系连通变异后短;④ 水系连通变异后,该河系水文干旱历时、干旱强度和峰值呈现增加趋势,且在相同单变量重现期的情况下,干旱历时更长,干旱强度更大,峰值更高;⑤ 水系连通变异后水文干旱特征的变化幅度与变异前存在差异,不同河系其水文干旱特征的变化幅度不同。  相似文献   

9.
时序差分干涉技术是近年来地面沉降监测领域的重要研究方向,基于时间序列SAR影像的稳定点目标识别和检测是进行时序差分干涉技术的关键和基础.本文针对短时间序列SAR影像的特点和普遍使用的点目标识别方法的局限性,借鉴散射体识别方法,综合考虑振幅和相位在时序SAR影像上的变化特征,采用多时相子孔径共轭内积和子孔径信息熵来获取时间序列过程中能够保持相位稳定的点目标,并用平均相干系数对选取的相干点目标进行修正.选取包含广州城区、东莞部分区域的2007年3月至2009年1月的17景Envisat ASAR数据进行实验,分别计算了方位向、距离向以及交叉向共轭内积和信息熵,并用基于高分辨率卫星影像数据解译的土地利用数据对提取的相干点目标进行验证.结果表明,利用多时相的子孔径影像共轭内积和信息熵可以得到比较可靠的相干点目标,交叉共轭内积在试验区域能获取精度高达92%的相干点目标.  相似文献   

10.
基于遗传算法的水文时间序列变点分析方法   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
金菊良  魏一鸣  丁晶 《地理科学》2005,25(6):720-723
为处理常规变点分析方法计算复杂、识别全部变点困难等问题,提出了用遗传算法进行水文时间序列多变点分析的一套新方法(AGA-CPAM)。实例计算的结果说明,AGA-CPAM用于水文时间序列多变点诊断简便、可行和有效,在各种非线性时间序列灾变分析中具有推广实用价值。  相似文献   

11.
The mountain watersheds of Kaidu River and Urumqi River, which separately originate from the south and north-side of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, are selected as the study area. The characteristics and trends on variation of temperature, precipitation and runoff, and the correlativity between temperature, precipitation, and runoff were analyzed based on the past 40 years of observational data from the correlative hydrological and weather stations in the study areas. Various weather scene combinations are assumed and the response models of runoff to climate change are established in order to evaluate the sensitivity of runoff to climate change in the study areas based on the foregoing analysis. Results show that all variations of temperature, precipitation, and runoff overall present an oscillating and increasing trend since the 1960s and this increase are quite evident after 1990. There is a markedly positive correlation between mountain runoff, temperature, and precipitation while there are obvious regional differences of responding degree to precipitation and temperature between mountain runoff of Urumqi River and Kaidu River Basins. Also, mountain runoff of Urumqi River Basin is more sensitive to precipitation change than that of Kaidu River Basin, and mountain runoff of Kaidu River Basin is more sensitive to temperature change than that of Urumqi River Basin.  相似文献   

12.
新疆水文水资源变化及对区域气候变化的响应   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
Based on the surface runoff, temperature and precipitation data over the last 50 years from eight representative rivers in Xinjiang, using Mann-Kendall trend and jump detection method, the paper investigated the long-term trend and jump point of time series, the surface runoff, mean annual temperature and annual precipitation. Meanwhile, the paper analyzed the relationship between runoff and temperature and precipitation, and the flood frequency and peak flow. Results showed that climate of all parts of Xinjiang conformably has experienced an increase in temperature and precipitation since the mid-1980s. Northern Xinjiang was the area that changed most significantly followed by southern and eastern Xinjiang. Affected by temperature and precipitation variation, river runoff had changed both inter-annually and intra-annually. The surface runoff of most rivers has increased significantly since the early 1990s, and some of them have even witnessed the earlier spring floods, later summer floods and increasing flood peaks. The variation characteristics were closely related with the replenishment types of rivers. Flood frequency and peak flow increased all over Xinjiang. Climate warming has had an effect on the regional hydrological cycle.  相似文献   

13.
黄河中游多沙粗沙区水沙变化趋势及其主控因素的贡献率   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
随着气候变化和人类活动影响加剧,黄河中游多沙粗沙区的水沙变化剧烈,因此研究影响黄河中游多沙粗沙区径流量和输沙量的驱动因素对预测未来水沙变化具有重要意义。本文选取Mann-Kendall趋势检验法,Pettitt突变点检验法,位置、尺度、形状的广义可加模型以及累积量斜率变化率比较法对黄河中游多沙粗沙区15个水文站控制流域1956-2010年的年降水量、年径流量以及年输沙量变化特征及其贡献率进行分析,确定影响黄河中游多沙粗沙区径流量和输沙量变化的主要原因。结果表明:① Mann-Kendall趋势检验在5%的显著性水平下,表明降水量虽呈减少趋势但并不显著,径流量和输沙量则有显著的减少趋势;② Pettitt突变点检验得出所研究区域径流量和输沙量的突变年份在1972年、1985年以及1996年左右;③ GAMLSS模型分析结果同样表明降水的均值不随时间发生变化,但降水的方差有减小的趋势;④ 通过累积量斜率变化率比较法得出,人类活动对窟野河流域径流输沙的影响大于无定河流域。通过分析黄河中游多沙粗沙区径流量和输沙量变化的原因,可为黄河中游多沙粗沙区水资源合理分配提供一定的理论支持。  相似文献   

14.
Based on the surface runoff, temperature and precipitation data over the last 50 years from eight representative rivers in Xinjiang, using Mann-Kendall trend and jump detection method, the paper investigated the long-term trend and jump point of time series, the surface runoff, mean annual temperature and annual precipitation. Meanwhile, the paper analyzed the relationship between runoff and temperature and precipitation, and the flood frequency and peak flow. Results showed that climate of all parts of Xinjiang conformably has experienced an increase in temperature and precipitation since the mid-1980s. Northern Xinjiang was the area that changed most significantly followed by southern and eastern Xinjiang. Affected by temperature and precipitation variation, river runoff had changed both inter- annually and intra-annually. The surface runoff of most rivers has increased significantly since the early 1990s, and some of them have even witnessed the earlier spring floods, later summer floods and increasing flood peaks. The variation characteristics were closely related with the replenishment types of rivers. Flood frequency and peak flow increased all over Xinjiang. Climate warming has had an effect on the regional hydrological cycle.  相似文献   

15.
Based on the hydrological data in the headwater region of the Kaidu River during 1972–2011, the multifractal process of runoff fluctuation was analyzed. Results indicated that, in the past 40 years, the overall runoff of the Kaidu River in Xinjiang has shown significant multifractal behavior. Its singular curve lnχ_q(ε)–ln(ε) verified a favorable scale invariance over the entire time scale. τ(q)–q proved that evolution of the runoff time series presented multifractal characteristics. Moreover,the multifractal spectrum f(α)–α curve was hooklike leftward which indicated that, compared to relatively large runoff events. And Δf0 indicated that these relatively small events took the leading role; B0 explained the Kaidu River's daily-runoff ascending tendency presented during 1972–2011. Besides that, the multifractal behavior of the Kaidu River's runoff variability over four decades was also analyzed. Generally speaking, by decades, their four corresponding spectrum variations were not noticeable. These Δα values showed larger runoff events occupied the leading position with some local values falling. During the 1970 s to the 1990 s, Δf0 illustrated the probability of the daily runoff at the lowest point is always larger than that of the highest during three continuous decades. At the beginning of the 21 st century, for Δf0 the trend presented was contrary from the 1970 s to the 1990 s. B values suggested an overall trend of increases during1972–2011. Until the 21 st century, the runoff with a slightly descending tendency on the whole explained these relatively large runoff events taking the leading role for the Kaidu River; but sometimes, some small events also played the dominant role.  相似文献   

16.
气候变化和人类活动对信江流域径流影响模拟   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
邓晓宇  张强  孙鹏  方朝阳 《热带地理》2014,34(3):293-301
以1960―1990年为基准期、1991―2005年为影响期,使用HSPF(Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran)水文模型定量分析了影响期气候变化和人类活动对信江流域径流的影响及其各自的贡献率。结果表明:1)相对于1960―1990年,1991―1995、1996―2000年的年平均径流深分别增加了271.9和246.3 mm,2001―2005年的年平均径流深减少64.1 mm。其中,气候变化对径流的影响分量在65.6%~88.0%之间,人类活动对径流的影响分量在12.0%~34.4%之间。2)人类活动对极值流量有影响。在影响期,年最大7 d平均流量和最大15 d平均流量模拟值大于对应的实测极值流量。3)在气候变化因子中,流域降水量的增加,是引起20世纪90年代信江流域径流显著增大的主要原因,其次是蒸发量的下降;人类活动包括植树造林、城市化以及水利工程修建,是影响流域径流变化的次要原因。  相似文献   

17.
新疆水文水资源变化及对区域气候变化的响应   总被引:23,自引:1,他引:22  
基于全疆8条代表性河流近50年的地表径流、气温和降水数据,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验和突变检测法,对各条河流地表径流、年均气温和年降水进行了长期趋势检验和突变滗分析,同时对径流与气温、降水之间的变化关系以及水文极端事件洪水的发生频次和洪峰流量进行了分析.结果表明,20世纪80年代中期以来伞疆各地气候一致表现为气温升高和降水增多,其中北疆地区变化最为显著,南疆其次,东疆最小.受气温、降水变化影响,河流径流发生年际和年内分布变化.大部分河流自20世纪90年代初水量显著增多,有春汛提前、夏汛推后和洪峰流量增大的现象,其变化特征与河流补给类型密切相关.全疆洪水发生频次增多、洪峰流最增大.气候变暖已对区域水文循环产生重要影响.  相似文献   

18.
拉萨河冬季径流对气候变暖和冻土退化的响应   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
20世纪90年代以来,拉萨河流域的气温经历了10年升高0.54 oC的气候变暖,这期间以秋冬季升温为主。在近40年 (1963~2004年) 气候和28年 (1976~2004年) 月径流数据的基础上,研究了具有多年冻土的高海拔拉萨河流域的冻土和水文响应。结果表明,冬季径流对11~2月气温升高具有显著响应,在12~2月份增加了16%,其中2月份增加22%。水热相关分析表明,10~11月地表温度升高0.8~0.9 oC导致冬季河流水量增多,介于0.9~1.5m深度的季节冻土深度和温度变化导致了径流量变化的响应。20世纪90年代的气候变暖使得多年冻土区的季节冻土深度萎缩了大约14cm,冻土区的冬季径流水文响应比气温更快、更显著。但冻土积雪观测的不足使冬季水文变化具有不确定性。  相似文献   

19.
基于有关水文、气象台站的降水、气温和径流观测资料,对天山南、北坡的代表性河流——开都河与乌鲁木齐河上游山区径流变化及其对气候变化的响应进行了分析。在此基础上建立山区径流对气候变化的响应模型,假定不同的气候情景组合,就两条河流出山径流对气候变化的敏感性进行分析对比。结果表明,近40余年,两条河流山区年降水量、平均气温及径流总体上均呈波动状上升态势。一方面径流与降水、气温的变化呈明显的正相关关系;另一方面山区径流对降水、气温变化的响应的程度存在着明显的区域性差异,即乌鲁木齐河出山径流对降水变化的响应程度明显强于开都河,而开都河出山径流对气温变化的敏感性要高于乌鲁木齐河。  相似文献   

20.
This paper has studied the change of streamflow and the impact of climatic vari-ability conditions on regional hydrological cycle in the headwater of the Tarim River Basin. This study investigates possible causes of observed trends in streamflow in an environment which is highly variable in terms of atmospheric conditions, and where snow and ice melt play an important role in the natural hydrological regime. The discharge trends of three head streams have a significant increase trend from 1957 to 2002 with the Mann–Kendall test. Complex time-frequency distributions in the streamflow regime are demonstrated especially by Morlet wavelet analysis over 40 years. The purpose is to ascertain the nature of climatic factors spatial and temporal distribution, involved the use of EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) to compare the dominant temperature, precipitation and evaporation patterns from normally climatic records over the Tarim’s headwater basin. It shows that the first principal component was dominated since the 1990s for temperature and precipitation, which identifies the significant ascending trend of spatial and temporal pattern characteristics under the con-dition of the global warming. An exponential correlation is highlighted between surface air temperature and mean river discharge monthly, so the regional runoff increases by 10%–16% when surface air temperature rises by 1℃. Results suggest that headwater basins are the most vulnerable environments from the point of view of climate change, because their wa-tershed properties promote runoff feeding by glacier and snow melt water and their funda-mental vulnerability to temperature changes affects rainfall, snowfall, and glacier and ice melt.  相似文献   

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