共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
橄榄石的晶格优选定向、含水量与地震波各向异性:对大陆俯冲带变形环境的约束 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
橄榄石在不同热动力学条件下形成的晶格优选定向是认识上地幔塑性变形与地震波各向异性的基础。本文通过总结橄榄石的晶格优选定向、含水量与地震波各向异性的研究进展,探讨大陆俯冲带的变形环境。绝大部分天然变形橄榄岩中的橄榄石都发育了[100](010)组构:[100]轴近平行于线理,(010)面平行或近平行于面理,使橄榄岩的最快P波速度近平行于线理,最大S波分裂平行面理并垂直线理。但来自超高压变质带的石榴石橄榄岩可发育[001](100)组构,使橄榄岩的最快P波速度和最小S波分裂方向垂直面理。近年来的变形实验与理论计算表明:超高压和低温是橄榄石组构从[100](010)向[001](100)转变的关键因素,而水对橄榄石流变行为的影响还有待进一步研究。对170个天然橄榄石结构水含量的统计结果表明:橄榄石含水量变化很大(0～170×10~(-6)H_2O),玄武岩中橄榄岩包体的橄榄石比较贫水,而所有富水橄榄石均来自克拉通金伯利岩中的石榴石橄榄岩。因此,除了水在上地幔的不均匀分布,橄榄岩折返过程中氢的扩散会强烈影响橄榄石的含水量。苏鲁芝麻房橄榄岩提供了以超高压、低温、贫流体为特征的大陆俯冲带中[001](100)橄榄石组构的实例。在俯冲的大陆板片中,橄榄石组构在120～220 km从[100](010)向[001](100)的转变可导致地震波各向异性突然降低,而且最快P波速度垂直于俯冲方向。 相似文献
2.
甘肃金川二矿区镁铁-超镁铁岩体中橄榄石具有明显的矿物定向排列特征。通过对岩体中二辉橄榄岩、斜长二辉橄榄岩及含二辉石橄榄岩的造岩矿物橄榄石进行组构特征研究,发现均表现出"A"型组构特征,Nm[001]表现为在面理上的点极密,表明其滑移方向为[001]。结合Ng[100]、Np[010]组构特征,其滑移面应为(100)和(010),反映低温组构滑移系为(100)[001]或(010)[001],表明二矿区岩体橄榄石形成于地壳浅部低压、低应力状态下。由于二矿区岩体为金川矿床第二期含矿岩浆上侵产物,结合岩体所受的构造应力场的变化特征,可初步认定二矿区岩体中橄榄石定向排列的现象为成矿期构造的反映,且橄榄石光轴发生了自西向东的旋转,这也与李区域组构特征的研究相一致。 相似文献
3.
苏鲁-大别山超高压变质带迟家店和碧溪岭石榴二辉橄榄岩橄榄石组构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大别山碧溪岭和山东荣成分别发育壳源和幔源的石榴二辉橄榄岩。它们在扬子板块向华北板块的俯冲过程中与俯冲板片一起经历了超高压变质作用。这两种原岩来源不同的石榴橄榄岩中的橄榄石具有相似的结晶学优选方位(LPO):[100]轴主板密垂直于面理面,[010]轴主极密平行于线理,这种橄榄石结晶学优选方位明显不同于高温地幔橄榄岩包体中的橄榄石组构,也不同于最近在超高压变质地体中发现的水导致的橄榄石组构。我们认为碧溪岭和荣成石榴二辉橄榄岩中的这种橄榄石组构可能是在相对较干的超高压变质条件下形成的。本研究为大陆深俯冲超高压变质石榴橄榄岩橄榄石组构特征提供了第一手资料。 相似文献
4.
西藏罗布莎地幔橄榄岩变形显微构造特征及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地幔橄榄岩是罗布莎蛇绿岩的主要组成成分之一,通过显微构造特征可对其变形特征进行分析,确定流变学参数,探讨地幔橄榄岩的变形历史。以蛇纹石化程度较低的二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩为研究对象,橄榄石位错特征研究显示,本区橄榄石主要发育了低温常见的直线型自由位错,局部可见位错弓弯、位错环、位错壁等高温位错,反映罗布莎地幔橄榄岩变形以低温塑性流变为主,局部经历了高温塑性流变,主导变形机制为位错蠕变。橄榄石自由位错统计结果表明,二辉橄榄岩中的橄榄石自由位错密度为4.422×107/cm2,方辉橄榄岩中的橄榄石为9.137×107/cm2,变形过程中所受差异应力分别为65MPa和93MPa。橄榄石和斜方辉石显微组构测量采用了电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD),分析结果表明,橄榄石均发育A型组构,为浅部地幔常见的组构类型,该结果与金刚石、柯石英等超高压矿物所指示的形成深度不一致。 相似文献
5.
南苏鲁芝麻房石榴石橄榄岩中橄榄石的“C”类组构及其形成条件探讨 总被引：5，自引：6，他引：5
上地幔地震的各向异性主要归因于橄榄石的优选方位,不同的橄榄石优选方位模式可以作为上地幔不同动力学作用的指示剂。不同应力和含水量条件下的高温变形实验已经确定出五类橄榄石组构模式(“A”型、“B”型、“C”型、“D”型和“E”型)。本文运用电子背散射(EBSD)技术对来自苏鲁超高压变质带南部的芝麻房石榴石橄榄岩的橄榄石进行了优选方位测定,不同变形程度的橄榄石均显示了[100]轴近垂直于面理和[001]轴近平行于线理的特征,为“C”类组构模式,可见组构类型与变形程度没有关系,并且橄榄石组构所显示的NW向SE的剪切指向,与围岩-正、副片麻岩中形成于折返过程的石英优选方位所显示的SE向NW的剪切指向完全不同,说明芝麻房石榴石橄榄岩中橄榄石的“C”类组构是折返前形成的。结合橄榄石结构水的测量和已有的芝麻房石榴石橄榄岩形成的温压条件,推测该组构形成于含水俯冲带中,认为芝麻房石榴石橄榄岩的原岩来自于高含水的上部地幔楔碎块,与俯冲的陆壳物质一起经历了超高压变质作用并最终折返至地表。 相似文献
6.
藏南若干阿尔卑斯型橄榄岩体的变形 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对罗布莎等藏南阿尔卑斯型橄榄岩体结构、组构、变形类型和变形机制的探讨,将岩体的变形序列归纳为:粘性流变→准粘性流变→高温塑性流变→低温塑性流变→准脆性变形→脆性变形。岩体变形所揭示的岩石圈变形的垂向分带为:脆性-准脆性变形(0—15km),低温塑性流变(15—60km),高温塑性流变(60—100km),准粘性-粘性流变(>100km)。低温塑性流变是地壳中的主要变形类型,其主要流动方向为由北往南,是造成西藏地区推覆构造的主要驱动力。 相似文献
7.
本文利用野外构造解析、透射电镜、岩组等手段,对大别山地区超高压岩石的变形表象及变形机制进行了详细的观察和研究,从而动态地建立了超高压岩石折返的PTtD轨迹。结果表明:超高压石榴橄榄岩经历了高温和低温两种变形,其中橄榄石中发育高温[001](100)和中低温[010](100)两种滑移系。超高压榴辉岩中绿辉石的位错构造发育,位错密度为4.98×10~7/cm~2。绿辉石亚颗粒的特征显示存在颗粒边界迁移和扩散蠕变。绿辉石的组构测定表明,绿辉石晶内塑性流动形成了[001]极密,该极密平行于线理,属L型收缩组构。组构对称型显示本区榴辉岩以共轴变形为主,由于应变分解,部分地区含非共轴成分。付林图解表明,绿辉石和石榴子石的变形均属于收缩型椭球,拉伸型应变,这与绿辉石组构测定结果一致。石榴子石位错密度为3.54×10~7/cm~2,部分地区的石榴子石发育动态重结晶及核幔构造等,形成榴辉岩相糜棱岩。另外根据不同超高压岩石中石英的位错密度或亚颗粒大小,计算了超高压岩石折返时各个阶段的应力大小。 相似文献
8.
西昆仑山库地变质橄榄岩块是肢解了的震旦纪一早古生代蛇绿岩碎片。变质橄榄岩以残斑结构为主,呈现粗粗结构向残班结构的过渡和残斑结构向板状等粒结构的过渡。此岩石有明显的变形结构,橄榄石变形时的滑移系为{0kl}[100].橄揽石发育有代表高温(800℃以上)的位错构造,也有代表低温的位错构造。表明此变质橄榄岩经受了上地幔环境下发生的高温塑性流变和侵位过程中及侵位后所经受的低温高应变速率条件下的变形。上地幔环境下变形时的差异应力约为80MPa,应变速率约为1.96×10-12s-1-7.03×10-10s-1.此变质橄榄岩代表由大陆裂谷发展起来的洋盆下的地幔,产出的构造环境为洋脊-裂谷带。 相似文献
9.
北祁连山加里东期板块俯冲带的南缘的橄榄岩体,是时代为495～522 Ma的玉石沟蛇绿岩套底部地幔岩残片,主要由尖晶石相的方辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩组成,流动构造(包括叶理和线理)发育。强烈的构造重结晶作用使方辉橄榄岩呈典型的残斑结构,而纯橄岩则以粒状变晶结构为特征。橄榄石普遍发育平行(100)面的扭折带,根据扭折带测得橄榄石以(010)[100]高温滑移系为主。组构特征表明方辉橄榄岩的橄榄石Ng[010]沿与叶理面垂直的压应力方向优选方向,而纯橄岩则经历了强烈的旋转剪切流变。利用氧化缀饰法揭示出橄榄石的位错构造十分发育,包括高密度自由位错、倾斜壁、扭转壁(位错网格)、亚晶粒构造、位错弓弯和位错环等,表明岩石经历了在高温、高压、低应变速率状态下以位错蠕变和攀移多化为机制的 相似文献
10.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
研究表明,俯冲隧道中发生显著脱水作用形成富水流体,并交代地幔楔物质形成富含水矿物(蛇纹石、绿泥石、角闪石等)的橄榄岩。这些含水矿物的变形特征对了解俯冲带的动力学过程具有重要意义。我们研究了来自意大利Monviso地区俯冲带折返所形成的变质混杂蛇绿岩套内部出露的绿泥片岩、透闪石绿泥岩、蛇纹片岩以及绿泥蛇纹岩的变形特征。研究结果表明,地幔楔的流体交代所形成的含水矿物一方面降低了橄榄岩的密度,另一方面绿泥石、叶蛇纹石以及透闪石均发生了强变形并形成强变形组构。绿泥石的组构特征表现为(001)面近平行页理面,[100]轴在平行线理方向形成强极密或在页理面内形成大圆环。叶蛇纹石发育[010]轴平行线理和(001)面平行面理的强组构。角闪石发育[001]轴平行线理和(100)面平行面理的中等强度组构。这些富含水矿物的岩石,沿平行页理面的纵波速度大于垂直页理面的速度,且剪切快波的极化面近平行于页理面。绿泥片岩的最大的剪切波各向异性为33.4%,大于叶蛇纹石片岩的最大剪切波各向异性(17.8%)。研究认为:俯冲隧道中的流体交代形成低密度的含水矿物为俯冲隧道中地幔物质的上升提供了浮力;低流变强度(由强变形组构指示)含水矿物的为地幔物质的折返提供了主要的润滑和上升通道;3)叶蛇纹石和绿泥石变形可以合理解释大角度低温俯冲带(60o~90o)的平行海沟的剪切快波,而低角度(30o~60o)高温俯冲带平行海沟的剪切快波可能主要与角闪石变形相关。 相似文献
11.
随着深部构造研究的不断深入,岩石流变作用日益受到人们重视,普遍认为塑性流变是地壳深部构造形成的主要机制。超基性岩的流变作用目前已成为研究上地幔流变、岩石圈板块动力学和热对流,甚至震源机制的重要内容。 本文拟通过对构成雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩套底部的藏南超基性岩的研究,重点划分塑性流变的结构类型,探讨不同结构类型中橄榄石的组构特征及实际存在的滑动系,用不同方法计算超基性岩形成和侵位过程中的流动应力值,并认为由于橄榄石塑性流变而获得的晶格方位排列是造成地震波速度不连续性的主因,岩石的塑性流动有可能是深部能量释放和诱发 相似文献
12.
The Role of Pre-existing Mechanical Anisotropy on Shear Zone Development within Oceanic Mantle Lithosphere: an Example from the Oman Ophiolite 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Structural and fabric analysis of the well-exposed Hilti mantlesection, Oman ophiolite, suggests that shear zone development,which may have resulted from oceanic plate fragmentation, wasinfluenced by pre-existing mantle fabric present at the paleo-ridge.Detailed structural mapping in the mantle section revealed agently undulating structure with an east–west flow direction.A NW–SE strike-slip shear zone cuts across this horizontalstructure. The crystal preferred orientation (CPO) of olivinewithin the foliation is dominated by (010) axial patterns ratherthan more commonly observed (010)[100] patterns, suggestingthat the horizontal flow close to the Moho involved non-coaxialflow. Olivine CPO within the shear zone formed at low temperatureis characterized by (001)[100] patterns and a sinistral senseof shear. The olivine CPO becomes weaker with progressive mylonitizationand accompanying grain size reduction, and ultimately developsinto an ultra-mylonite with a random CPO pattern. The olivine[010]-axis is consistently sub-vertical, even where the horizontalfoliation has been rotated to a sub-vertical orientation withinthe shear zone. These observations suggest that the primarymechanical anisotropy (mantle fabric) has been readily transformedinto a secondary structure (shear zone) with minimum modification.This occurred as a result of a change of the olivine slip systemsduring oceanic detachment and related tectonics during cooling.We propose that primary olivine CPO fabrics may play a significantrole in the subsequent structural development of the mantle.Thus, the structural behavior of oceanic mantle lithosphereduring subduction and obduction may be strongly influenced byinitial mechanical anisotropy developed at an oceanic spreadingcenter. KEY WORDS: mantle lithosphere; anisotropy; shear zone; olivine CPO; Oman ophiolite 相似文献
13.
平南幔源包体中橄榄石的显微构造研究及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
平南玄武岩中的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体的平衡温度为930~980℃, 平衡深度为59~74km, 包体中橄榄石的扭折带滑移系多为(010) [100], 但也有(001) [100]的滑移系类型; 斜方辉石的滑移系为(100) [001], 它们均为高温低应变速率下的滑移系, 说明该区的上地幔主要是在高温低应变速率条件下经历了塑性变形作用.橄榄石位错组态多样, 有自由位错、位错壁、位错弓弯、缠结、{110}滑移带, 反映了上地幔的塑性变形特征.根据位错壁的大小估算, 上地幔差异流动应力为24.5~42.1MPa, 流动速率为2.93×10-17~8.36×10-16s-1, 有效粘度为1.72×1023~2.80×1024 Pa·s, 特征与中国东部新生代上地幔较为一致, 反映同处于拉张环境. 相似文献
14.
This paper reports the results of optical and electron microscopic investigations of mantle olivine samples with H2O contents of tens-hundreds ppm weight. Samples were obtained from the xenoliths and xenocrysts of the Udachnaya pipe. At
the scale of optical microscope magnification, a peculiar banded microstructure was observed in thin sections prepared parallel
to the olivine (010) plane. It is formed by cross-hatched bands parallel to four crystallographic directions of the olivine
structure: [100], [001], [101], and [−101]. At the scale of electron optical magnifications, the banded microstructure is
observed as nanometer-sized heterogeneities of various types which are related to olivine deformation: (a) planar defects
parallel to (100) and (001) corresponding to the (100)[010] and (001)[100] dislocation glide systems, respectively; they are
occasionally transformed into lamellae or decorated by nanoinclusions; and (b) nanometer-sized heterogeneities formed by nanoinclusion
arrays not related to planar defects and oriented along the same directions of the olivine structure as the optically visible
bands. The deformation structures are decorated by coupled point OH-bearing defects, which were initially present in the olivine.
The crystallographically oriented arrays of nanoinclusions of high-pressure hydrous silicates are considered as a result of
olivine deprotonization (elimination of OH-bearing defects from the olivine structure) in the zones of previous deformation
compression in the crystal. Light refraction effects on the nanoinclusions make these zones optically visible and produce
the banded microstructure, which is a consequence of previous deformation. 相似文献
15.
The microstructure and texture in cordierites of a moldanubian gneiss from the Bohemian Massif has been analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and universal stage in order to get information on the deformation mechanisms and textural development of this rock-forming mineral. Deformation may have taken place at temperatures between about 500° C and 630° C and pressures smaller than about 3 kb. The elongated cordierite xenoblasts show a typical dislocation creep microstructure consisting of subgrain boundaries and free dislocations. The dislocations have [001], [010] and 1/2<110> Burgers vectors. [001] dislocations often have pure screw and edge character the latter type being climb-dissociated on (001). Among the dislocations reactions are common. The main subgrain boundaries observed are (010)[001], {110}[001] and (001)[010] tilt boundaries. Burgers vectors and dislocation line directions reveal (100)[001], (010)[001], (100)[010], {110} 1/2<110> and (001)1/2<110> as activated slip systems. The crystallographic preferred orientation (here referred to as texture) consists of a [001] maximum in the foliation parallel to the mineral lineation. [100] and [010] maxima are perpendicular to it within and normal to the foliation, respectively, with a girdle tendency normal to the lineation. The texture may be explained by simple shear deformation on the {hkO}[001] slip systems with preference of (010)[001]. 相似文献
16.
M. A. G. M. Manthilake N. Miyajima F. Heidelbach V. Soustelle D. J. Frost 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,165(3):495-505
The effect of alumina and water solubility on the development of fabric in orthopyroxene in response to simple shear deformation has been investigated at a pressure of 1.5 GPa and a temperature of 1,100 °C using the D-DIA apparatus. The microstructure observations at these conditions indicate that dislocation glide is the dominant deformation mechanism. In MgSiO3 enstatite and hydrous aluminous enstatite, partial dislocations bounding the stacking faults in [001] glide parallel to the (100) (or) the (100) [001] slip system. Electron backscattered diffraction analysis of anhydrous aluminous enstatite, however, indicates operation of the (010) [001] slip system, and microstructure analysis indicates dislocation movement involving [001] on both (100) and {210} planes. The strong covalent bonding induced by the occupation of M1 and T2 sites by Al could have restricted the glide on (100), activating slip on {210}. The resulting seismic anisotropies (~2 %) in orthopyroxene are weaker compared to olivine (~9.5 %), and reduced anisotropy can be expected if orthopyroxene coexists with olivine. Weak anisotropy observed in stable cratonic regions can be explained by the relatively high abundance of orthopyroxene in these rocks. 相似文献
17.
The dislocation substructures in olivine from coarse-grained peridotite xenoliths in kimberlites from the Lesotho region have been determined. The [100] dislocations may be located in simple (100) tilt boundaries while the density of free or individual [100] dislocations is 106/cm2 or less. The [001] dislocations form (010) twist arrays or more complex (100) subboundaries with the [100] dislocations; the density of free [001] dislocations increases to 8 × 108/cm2 in those grains in which tangles are observed. The simple (100) subboundaries are considered to result from a high temperature, slow strain-rate deformation (creep-like process) while the more complex subboundaries composed of [100] and [001] dislocations, as well as the high density of [001] dislocations, indicate faster strain rates and/or lower deformation temperatures than the creep deformation. These two broad phases of deformation have been interpreted as an early stage of mantle-type flow followed by deformation during or subsequent to the emplacement of the kimberlite. 相似文献
18.
Dr. C. B. Raleigh 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1965,11(7):719-741
A study of the structural petrology of a peridotite exposed on Cypress Island in Skagit Co., Washington, U.S.A. has been carried out. The Cypress peridotite is, by virtue of its composition, structure and associations, typical of ultramafics of the alpine type. It contains relict layering and accumulative textures which show it to have originated by crystal settling from a magma of unknown initial composition. Parallelism of lineations and b-axes of folds in the layering with well-developed [100]-maxima in the fabrics of olivine crystals is considered to have arisen through a penetrative deformation of the mass accompanied by plastic flow or recrystallization of the olivine. An indication of the minimum temperature of the deformation is provided by cross-cutting veins of pyroxenite which have not participated in the folding. The most satisfactory interpretation of the overall fabric of the peridotite is that it was deformed, possibly during intrusion, as a crystal mush, and that filter pressing due to compaction of the solid particles by plastic flow or recrystallization removed all but a small percentage of the magmatic fraction which then crystallized following cessation of the movements. 相似文献
19.
We have studied the plastic deformation of Mg2SiO4 wadsleyite polycrystals. Wadsleyite was synthesized from a forsterite powder in a multianvil apparatus. It was then recovered
and placed in a second multianvil assembly designed to induce plastic deformation by compression between two hard alumina
pistons. After the deformation experiment, the microstructures are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
and large-angle convergent beam electron diffraction (LACBED). Deformation experiments have been carried out at 15–19 GPa
and at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 1800–2000 °C. Five different dislocation types have been identified by
LACBED: [100], 1/2〈111〉, [010], 〈101〉 and [001]. The [001] dislocations result from dislocation reactions and not from activation
of a slip system. The [010] dislocations are activated under high stresses at the beginning of the experiments and further
relax by decomposition into 1/2〈111〉 dislocations or by dissociation into four 1/4[010] partial dislocations. The following
slip systems have been identified: 1/2〈111〉{101}, [100](010), [100](001), [100]{011}, [100]{021}, [010](001), [010]{101} and
〈101〉(010).
Received: 15 July 2002 / Accepted: 14 February 2003
Acknowledgements High-pressure experiments were performed at the Bayerisches Geoinstitut under the EU IHP – Access to Research Infrastructures
Programme (Contract no. HPRI-1999-CT-00004 to D.C. Rubie). P.C. has benefited from a Congé thématique pour recherche from
the University of Lille, and would like to thank warmly all the people in Bayreuth who contributed to this work by daily assistance
and discussions: Nathalie Bolfan-Casanova, Daniel Frost, Jed L. Mosenfelder and Brent Poe. The quality of the preparation
of the TEM specimens by H. Schultze is greatly appreciated. 相似文献