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1.
富含生物成因气体地层盾构隧道施工风险高,气体极易通过开挖舱、泥浆管、盾尾间隙和管片节间渗入盾构和隧道内部,引发燃爆事故威胁施工安全。为了密封阻隔生物成因气体的泄漏通道,克泥效被用于填充中盾和洞壁之间的开挖间隙。本研究针对盾构掘进过程中生物成因气体的密封阻隔问题,提出了一种克泥效密封阻隔生物成因气体试验装置与方法,研究了克泥效注入厚度与气体击穿时间的相关关系,揭示了生物成因气体在克泥效中的渗透扩散机制,并依托苏通GIL综合管廊工程验证了克泥效密封阻隔生物成因气体的作用效果。研究结果表明:气体击穿时间随克泥效注入厚度的增加近似线性增长;当克泥效注入厚度为30 mm时,平均击穿时间为51.5 min,超过单环管片拼装所需最长时间50 min,满足苏通GIL综合管廊工程施工需求。现场气体监测结果表明,相较于注入克泥效填充开挖间隙之前,注入克泥效后CH4和CO浓度均在允许范围内,克泥效有效阻隔了生物成因气体进入盾构隧道内部。相关研究结果可为类似工程地质条件下生物成因气体防治提供理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
2.
Granular pile-anchor (GPA) technique has been found to be an innovative foundation technique for expansive clays posing the dual problem of swelling and shrinkage. Swelling occurs during absorption of water and shrinkage during evaporation of water. Generally, in field expansive clay beds, swelling takes place during rainy seasons and shrinkage during summers. GPA is a recent innovative foundation technique devised to ameliorate the dual swell-shrink problem of structures founded on expansive clay beds. The other innovative techniques are drilled piers, belled piers and under-reamed piles. Laboratory scale model studies and field scale experiments on GPAs yielded useful results and revealed that swelling of expansive clay beds was effectively controlled by GPA technique. Studies on swell-shrink behaviour of GPA-reinforced clay beds have not been performed so far. This paper presents results obtained from laboratory scale model studies on GPA-reinforced expansive clay beds subjected to alternate cycles of swelling and shrinkage. The data presented in this paper pertain to the swelling of test clay beds under the influence of three swell-shrink cycles (N) spanning a time period of 300 days. The test clay beds were reinforced with varying number of GPAs (n = 0, 1, 2 and 3). Heave (mm) in a given swell-shrink cycle decreased with increasing number of GPAs. Further, for a given number of GPAs (n), heave (mm) also decreased with increase in depth from the top of the clay bed. It was found that the resultant thickness of the clay bed (Hr) for swelling increased with increasing number of cycles. However, the percentage heave (ΔH/Hr) decreased as the number of swell-shrink cycles (N) increased. 相似文献
3.
J. H. TerHeege B. B. T. Wassing B. Orlic S. B. Giger M. B. Clennell 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(3):465-478
Prediction of hydrocarbon column heights in structural traps critically depends on proper analysis of the sealing capacity of faults. Entrainment of clay in fault zones in upper crustal levels may lead to the development of continuous clay smears that dramatically increase the sealing capacity of faults. In this study, direct shear experiments on large-scale samples of layered sandstone–claystone–sandstone are simulated using two-dimensional discrete element numerical models to study the development of clay smears for different claystone types and normal stress conditions. Analysis of clay smear structures in terms of drag, slicing, wear and flow of clay reveals that drag is dominant at low shear displacements and high local stress concentrations, slicing and wear become important at higher shear displacement and low stresses at source bed near the fault zone. Correlation between critical fault displacements in the experiments and local stress ratios (shear stress divided by normal stress) in the models is used to determine smear failure and leakage for all claystones and normal stresses. A smear breach diagram with sealing/leaking conditions for faults containing clay smears shows that clay smears may be sealing at larger displacements than predicted by other fault seal algorithms, such as shale gouge ratio, in particular for low shale content and high normal stress. 相似文献
4.
Engineered barriers are basic elements in the design of repositories for the isolation of high‐level radioactive waste. This paper presents the thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) analysis of a clay barrier subjected to heating and hydration. The study focuses on an ongoing large‐scale heating test, at almost full scale, which is being carried out at the CIEMAT laboratory under well‐controlled boundary conditions. The test is intensely instrumented and it has provided the opportunity to study in detail the evolution of the main THM variables over a long period of time. Comprehensive laboratory tests carried out in the context of the FEBEX and NF‐PRO projects have allowed the identification of the model parameters to describe the THM behaviour of the compacted expansive clay. A conventional THM approach that assumes the swelling clay as a single porosity medium has been initially adopted to analyse the evolution of the test. The model was able to predict correctly the global THM behaviour of the clay barrier in the short term (i.e. for times shorter than three years), but some model limitations were detected concerning the prediction of the long‐term hydration rate. An additional analysis of the test has been carried out using a double structure model to describe the actual behaviour of expansive clays. The double structure model explicitly considers the two dominant pore levels that actually exist in the FEBEX bentonite and it is able to account for the evolution of the material fabric. The simulation of the experiment using this enhanced model provides a more satisfactory reproduction of the long‐term experimental results. It also contributes to a better understanding of the observed test behaviour and it provides a physically based explanation for the very slow hydration of the barrier. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
非饱和红粘土和膨胀土抗剪强度的比较研究 总被引：24，自引：4，他引：20
红粘土是对环境湿热变化敏感的塑性粘土,具有一般膨胀土吸水膨胀失水收缩的特性。与普通粘性土相比,红粘土与膨胀土的强度特性更为复杂。它既是土体抵抗剪切破坏能力的表征,也是计算路堑、渠道、路堤、土坝等斜坡稳定性以及支挡构筑物土压力的重要参数。通过试验研究讨论了红粘土与膨胀土的强度特性以及与一般粘性土的差别及其各种影响因素,并探讨了非饱和红粘土与膨胀土的抗剪强度指标与含水量之间的相关关系。试验结果表明,红粘土与一般膨胀土的吸水膨胀规律完全相同。其试验结果可为红粘土与膨胀土地区工程设计与建设提供参考依据。 相似文献
6.
Swelling behavior of expansive soil has always created problems in the field of geotechnical engineering. Generally, the method used to assess the swelling potential of expansive soil from its plasticity index, shrinkage limit and colloidal content. Alternative way to evaluate swelling behavior is from its expansive index (EI) and swelling pressure value. The present study investigates the reduction of EI and swelling pressure for kaolinite and bentonite clay when mixed with various percentages of Ottawa sand and Class C fly ash. The percentages of Ottawa sand and Class C fly ash used were 0–50 % by weight. The results show that there is a significant reduction in the swelling properties of expansive soil with the addition of Ottawa sand and Class C fly ash. The reduction in EI ranged approximately from 10 to 50 and 4 to 49 % for kaolinite and bentonite clay, respectively. Also the maximum swelling pressure of kaolinite and bentonite clay decreased approximately 93 and 64 %, respectively with the addition of various percentages of Ottawa sand and Class C fly ash. Standard index properties test viz., liquid limit, plastic limit and linear shrinkage test were conducted to see the characteristics of expansive soil when mixed with less expansive sand and fly ash. Also, for these expansive soils one dimensional consolidation test have been conducted with sand and fly ash mixtures and the results were compared with pure kaolinite and bentonite clay. 相似文献
7.
南阳膨胀土裂隙面强度试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
裂隙性是膨胀土的基本特性之一,膨胀土中原生裂隙面的存在往往导致膨胀土边坡的失稳。选取南水北调中线工程南阳段膨胀土进行裂隙面强度特性试验,提出了裂隙面强度三轴试验新方法。首次将计算机X射线断层扫描技术引入裂隙面的强度试验,通过测量裂隙面真实产状,准确分析裂隙面上的破坏应力,提出了裂隙面强度参数的整理方法。研究成果表明,裂隙面的峰值强度不仅远小于两侧土的峰值强度,而且也小于两侧土的残余强度;裂隙面强度较低的原因主要是其具有较高的含水率、蒙脱石含量以及颗粒排列定向度。地下水淋滤作用对于膨胀土裂隙面存在3个方面的影响：微观上使得膨胀土中铁的氧化物由三价转变为二价,形成与两侧土颜色完全不同的灰白色裂隙黏土;细观上改变了母体土的矿物成分和颗粒排列结构,使得裂隙填充物具有较高的蒙脱石含量和颗粒定向度;宏观上形成了裂隙面与两侧土体力学强度的显著差异。 相似文献
8.
Haiyang Yi Wenqing Wang Olaf Kolditz Hua Shao Hongwei Zhou 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(21):737
Numerical modelling of coupled physical processes in bentonite–sand mixtures under the geological conditions is significant for designing and constructing sealing systems in deep underground repositories for highly radioactive nuclear waste. Within the framework of DECOVALEX 2015, Task A, this work presents the model validation of OpenGeoSys by numerical modelling of coupled hydromechanical (HM) processes in bentonite–sand mixtures. Parameters used in the HM model were determined by modelling the laboratory tests of the sealing experiment (SEALEX). Afterwards these parameters were applied for the modelling of a small-scale mock-up test considering the influence of technological gap and incidental fail of the seal in the sealing system. In order to investigate the availability of employing these HM parameters and numerical models directly to field predictions, the modelling results and measured data of an in situ SEALEX experiment were analysed comparatively. The modelling results reproduced well the main features in HM behaviour of the compacted bentonite–sand mixture, which denotes that the adopted HM models and parameters are adequate for describing the HM processes in the sealing system. It is necessary to take the elastoplastic behaviour and evolution of the permeability of bentonite–sand mixtures into account when using the adopted models to reproduce the HM processes of a sealing system. 相似文献
9.
利用电动应变控制式直剪仪及直剪/残余剪切试验仪对南水北调磁县段不同黏粒含量的原状膨胀土进行快剪、饱和快剪、饱和固结快剪和反复直剪试验,研究黏粒含量对其抗剪强度的影响。研究表明:饱和后试样的抗剪强度明显降低,固结后强度提高,且饱和作用对黏粒含量较大的中膨胀土强度的削弱作用更为显著,固结作用对黏粒含量较小的弱膨胀土强度的治愈作用更显著; 随黏粒含量的增大,黏聚力逐渐减小,内摩擦角则先减后增,其临界值在32%左右; 峰值强度后的抗剪强度降低幅度随黏粒含量的增加而增大; 土体的峰值强度f随黏粒含量则先减后增,变化趋势比较平缓; 残余强度r随黏粒含量增加逐渐减小,成指数关系; 残余强度内摩擦角r与黏粒含量成对数关系,黏聚力cr则比较离散。 相似文献
10.
离子土壤固化剂改性膨胀土的试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用离子土壤固化剂（ionic soil stabilizer,简称ISS）对河南安阳地区膨胀土进行化学改性试验研究,通过不同配比的自由膨胀率试验结果,结合施工成本,得出ISS溶液改良膨胀土的最优配合比为1:350。对ISS溶液最优配合比改性后土体进行收缩试验、膨胀性试验、固结快剪、高压固结及水浸泡试验。试验结果表明,改性土线缩率减小,膨胀性指标降低,抗剪强度增大,土体由亲水性变成憎水性,且能达到较好的水稳定性,即膨胀土经化学改性为非膨胀土。ISS改性膨胀土的机制可解释为,通过ISS溶液与土粒离子进行强烈的交换作用,打开土粒与水分子之间的“电化键”,降低土颗粒表面吸附水膜厚度,包裹在黏粒颗粒表面的疏水基团覆盖膜使土对水的敏感性减弱,从根本上减少了土体吸水性和膨胀性。 相似文献
11.
杭州湾地区晚第四纪浅层生物气藏盖层存在孔隙水压力封闭和烃浓度封闭机理,但其是否存在物性封闭机理目前尚存在较大争议.研究区浅层生物气藏盖层埋藏浅、时代新、结构松散,对其物性封闭能力的评价不能直接套用深部成岩盖层的评价参数和方法.通过变水头渗透实验测定盖层和储层样品渗透率数值,以渗透率作为评价浅层生物气盖层物性封闭能力的参数,对研究区浅层生物气藏盖层的物性封闭特征及其影响因素进行了详细研究.结果表明盖层渗透率数值比储层小3个数量级,具有较强的物性封闭能力,有利于浅层生物气藏的保存.研究区浅层生物气盖层物性封闭能力的影响因素包括黏土含量及黏土矿物成分、含水饱和度和盖层厚度,黏土含量及黏土矿物成分对盖层物性封闭能力起决定性作用,较高的含水饱和度促进了盖层物性封闭能力的增强,盖层厚度对物性封闭能力起到了极为重要的补偿作用. 相似文献
12.
黏土颗粒水化膜厚度问题是泥质膨胀性岩土膨胀机制研究的理论基础。关于黏土颗粒水化膜厚度测试资料较为丰富,但通过原子力显微镜测试黏土颗粒水化膜厚度的研究成果还较为少见,且在测试方法方面尚不完善。基于3层水化膜结构模型和原子力显微镜测试技术,通过对蒙脱石粉末、泥岩粉末、泥岩岩片3种样品的测试研究,提出了水化膜厚度刺入式测试方法、粉末样和岩石样的制样方法、试验数据的统计处理方法。总结了水化膜厚度测试曲线自由水段、弱结合水段、强结合水段、黏土颗粒段的变化规律。通过和既有研究成果的对比分析,论证了原子力显微镜刺入测试黏土颗粒水化膜厚度的合理性与可行性。结合工程实践,探讨了定量化获取水化膜厚度在理解泥质膨胀性岩土膨胀机制方面的工程意义和理论价值。 相似文献
13.
换填黏性土料工程特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南水北调中线一期工程总干渠膨胀岩（土）试验段工程潞王坟段的渠坡处理方式之一是换填黏性土料处理措施,通过开展物理性试验、击实试验、膨胀特性试验和原位测试等来了解换填黏性土料的工程特性。研究表明：（1）换填黏性土料颗粒组成差异较大,以砂粒和粉粒为主,其次为砾,黏粒和胶粒成分较少,其级配一般;（2）轻型击实条件下,换填黏性土料最优含水率为17.7 %,对应的最大干密度为1.71 g/cm3;重型击实条件下,换填黏性土料最优含水率为18.4 %,对应的最大干密度为1.87 g/cm3;（3）换填黏性土料的相对密度为2.7,液限在37.6 %～38.7 %之间,塑限在17.1 %～19.2 %之间,塑性指数在19.4～21.2之间,属于低液限黏土;（4）当取样深度在0.0～3.5 m之间时,换填黏性土料的自由膨胀率在40.0 %之内,无膨胀潜势;当取样深度在3.5～4.5 m之间时,换填黏性土料的自由膨胀率在42.0 %～76.0 %之内,具有中弱膨胀潜势;（5）换填黏性土料的旁压模量 、侧胀模量 随深度变化不明显,当含水率变化时有部分成果有随含水率增加而模量参数降低趋势。该成果为换填黏性土料在南水北调中线一期工程总干渠膨胀岩（土）试验段工程中的应用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
14.
油气成藏期断层古侧向封闭能力的强弱对于油气的聚集和分布有着重要的影响,目前尚无有效的评价方法用于定量分析断层古侧向封闭性,并且在利用断层侧向封闭油气SGR(Shale Gouge Ratio)下限方法预测油柱高度过程中,发现断层侧向封闭油气能力与油气分布呈现部分不吻合现象,即井在预测范围之内,但是该井却不含油气.经过深入研究表明:这种现象可能是由于在油气成藏期断层古侧向封闭能力弱(达不到侧向封闭油气下限)造成的.因此,在断层侧向封闭油气SGR下限方法的基础上,通过恢复油气成藏期的古地层厚度、断层古断距、古泥质含量曲线,建立一套断层古侧向封闭性的评价方法,并以冀中坳陷文安斜坡文13断圈为例,利用断层古侧向封闭性评价法对断圈的古侧向封闭能力进行定量评价.结果表明:文13断圈在油气成藏期侧向封闭油气高度为0 m,与井试油结论相吻合,表明该方法用于定量评价断层古侧向封闭性是可行的,对于准确评价断圈封闭油气能力、降低断圈油气钻探风险以及丰富和完善断层侧向封闭理论均具有实践和理论意义. 相似文献
15.
基于膨胀土可以直接用作路堤填料的分类指标体系,在室内开展了3种不同膨胀土的物理性质、击实性状、强度特性试验研究,验证广西百隆高速公路膨胀土路段的膨胀土也可以直接用作路堤填料,并结合现场实体工程的效果验证用改进CBR值、改进CBR膨胀量和稠度3指标作为膨胀土路堤填料的分类指标体系的合理性。通过对标准CBR试验和改进CBR试验的对比,进一步验证了用改进CBR试验法评定膨胀土承载强度的合理性。由百色膨胀土的不浸水CBR试验,说明可以用封闭包盖对百隆路膨胀土路堤进行物理处治。实体工程中采用土性最差的1号膨胀土做填芯和用红黏土包边,得到的工程效果令人满意。由室内外试验结果,可以得出这3种百色膨胀土都可以直接用作路堤填料。 相似文献
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膨胀土判别与分类方法探讨 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：21
膨胀土的胀缩等级评判是进行膨胀土处治的首要任务,开展膨胀土的判别与分类方法探讨具有重要意义。对现有膨胀土判别与分类方法进行了评价,对反映和表征膨胀土胀缩机理和特性的指标进行了深入探讨,提出了以能充分反映和表征膨胀土胀缩机理和特性的液限、塑性指数、自由膨胀率、小于0.005 mm颗粒含量、胀缩总率等5个指标作为膨胀土的判别指标,建立了一种新的膨胀土判别与分类方法,并通过试验进行了验证。新的膨胀土判别与分类方法具有准确度高、易操作的优点。 相似文献
18.
In this paper, a testing methodology was developed in the laboratory to measure the tensile strength of large-scale incipient rock joints. In the test, an expansive grout was used to develop the tensile force. Each test comprises two phases: Phase i test and Phase ii test. The Phase i test identified sample failure time, while the Phase ii test measured the corresponding tensile force arising from the expansive grout. Ostensibly homogeneous rock samples without incipient joints were firstly tested to establish the methodology. Tensile strength of block samples containing incipient rock joints was then measured using the established testing scheme. The test results have been compared with those obtained from conventional Brazilian and uniaxial tension tests as suggested by ISRM. The proposed approach is capable of giving a measure of tensile strength of large-scale incipient rock joints, although somewhat smaller strength than that from the standard approaches was occasionally measured in the preliminary tests on ostensibly homogeneous samples. Effects of stress concentration, sample scale, loading rate and expansive tensile force on the testing results were discussed. Furthermore, this simple and practical testing scheme is proposed for the measurement of the in situ tensile strength of rock and incipient discontinuities in the field, which if successful will provide a more scientific guidance on the rock mass classification and engineering design. 相似文献
19.
多圈管冻结壁设计方案是解决深冻结问题的有效方法,为研究深厚砂黏层分界处不同工况下多圈管冻结温度场特性,采取分界处原黏性土XRD试验结果,利用ANSYS数值模拟冻结三圈管,对比分析了细砂土与膨胀性黏土在冻结管偏斜与不偏斜工况下温度场冻结壁形成与发展特性。研究表明:多圈管不偏斜冻结,细砂层与膨胀性黏土层冻结壁温度场均呈规则、对称、有序发展,主冻结中圈管间、内圈管间、中-内圈管间、中-外圈管间、外圈管依次形成交圈过程,随着冻结时间增加,中-内圈、中-外圈管间冻结温度由抛物线型发展为梯形降温形状,且温差减少,内、外圈管外侧呈倒八字型发展形态,内圈管内侧降温效果明显好于外圈管外侧。偏斜时,冻结壁温度场交圈降温不规则,冻结冷锋交圈叠加具有随机性和离散性。膨胀性黏土冻结壁形成时间严重滞后,偏斜、土性差异对冻结壁温度影响均较大,偏斜对膨胀性黏土影响尤其明显,与某矿冻结法凿井在地层-400 m以上砂黏分界处发生的多根冻结管断管事件较为吻合,研究成果可以为类似深层矿井冻结施工提供参考。 相似文献
20.
膨胀土-胶粉（ESR）强度特性室内试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
膨胀土是一种特殊的区域性黏土,在我国分布非常广泛,所引起的灾害问题也日益突出。为了提高资源的循环利用,减少膨胀土灾害潜在的影响,笔者进行一系列用废弃轮胎胶粉改良膨胀土的探索。主要是通过室内无侧限抗压强度试验,研究膨胀土及膨胀土 胶粉（expansive soil rubber,简称ESR）强度特性,进一步分析胶粉含量、含水率等因素对无侧限抗压强度的影响,根据试验结果总结出胶粉改良膨胀土无侧限抗压强度的最佳含量为20％,同时证明了废弃轮胎胶粉改良膨胀土具有良好的效果,从而为膨胀土改良开拓一个新的方法。 相似文献