共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
公路沿线花岗岩风化区滑坡危险度评价--以日本49号国道合户地区为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
对公路沿线边坡进行稳定性评价及滑坡灾害分析，对于由滑坡、泥石流等引起的公路灾害的防治具有重要指导意义。为了评价处于花岗岩风化区的日本福岛县合户地区49号国道沿线边坡的滑坡危险程度，在调查和分析了该地区的表层破坏模式、并通过简易探测方法摸清了风化土层的厚度分布后，将研究区域划分为边坡单元(Slopeunit)，使用椭球体下半部模拟滑动面的形状，通过随机试算法确定各边坡单元危险滑动面的位置及空间形状；采用一种基于GIS的边坡稳定性三维分析模型计算各边坡单元最小安全系数以及滑坡发生概率，定量评价滑坡灾害危险程度。所有的计算过程及结果显示均在一个基于GIS平台的系统中完成，为如何利用GIS技术更好地为滑坡灾害防治工作服务拓宽了思路。 相似文献
2.
公路沿线发生的滑坡、泥石流等自然灾害是造成交通停滞的主要原因。对公路沿线边坡进行稳定性评价及滑坡灾害分析对于公路管理和灾害防治具有重要意义。为了能对大范围边坡应用三维力学模型进行稳定性评价,研究中将较大研究区域划分为多个边坡单元（slope unit）,并介绍了边坡单元划分方法。对每个边坡单元,采用随机生成许多假想滑动面并通过一个基于GIS的边坡稳定性三维分析模型计算其安全系数的方法,找出具有最小安全系数的危险滑动面,同时求出在试算过程中安全系数小于某临界值（通常设为1.0）的结果出现的比率,作为该边坡单元的滑坡发生概率,以此作为指标对研究区域进行危险度评价。通过对日本49号国道沿线边坡中的应用对该方法的实用性进行了验证。 相似文献
3.
为了评价日本千叶县某住宅区周边大范围边坡的滑坡危险度,探讨了一种基于GIS的三维边坡稳定性评价方法。首先根据已有的CAD格式的地形等高线图及有限的钻孔数据,得到地表、地层、地下水的三维GIS数据。在依据边坡倾角、倾向等地形特性对该大范围边坡划分边坡单元的基础上,采用一种基于GIS栅格数据的边坡稳定三维极限平衡分析模型计算了研究区域各边坡单元的安全系数,进行了滑坡危险性分区评价。本研究对于如何利用有限的现场调查数据来进行高精度的数值计算分析,以及GIS在地质防灾领域的更深层次的应用具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
4.
基于强度折减法的库岸滑坡三维有限元分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
通过现场踏勘调研,根据滑坡的环境地质条件,详细探讨了该库岸滑坡的成因机制和演化过程,并重点分析了滑坡失稳的影响因素。建立滑坡体的三维有限元模型,运用有限元强度折减理论对其稳定性进行了计算分析。结果表明,滑坡体在天然状况下是稳定的,库水位上升至正常蓄水位时将超过滑坡前缘高程,滑坡安全系数降低,不满足规范规定的最小安全系数的要求,在考虑降雨入渗、库水位骤降时,滑坡进一步趋于危险;在考虑蓄水+地震工况时,库岸滑坡有失稳的可能。据此提出了削坡减载治理措施,治理后滑坡在各工况下的安全系数均满足规范的要求,研究成果对滑坡的治理具有较大的参考价值。 相似文献
5.
基于FLAC3D强度折减法滑坡三维稳定性研究——以三峡库区白果树古滑坡群为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用FLAC3D的内置fish语言基于强度折剪法对其进行了二次开发,编制了滑坡体安全系数计算程序。结合工程实例,将这种方法应用于已知滑动面条件下的滑坡稳定性分析中,得到滑坡体天然状况下的二维、三维安全系数,同时对内摩擦角和粘聚力参数进行了敏感性分析,对比并分析了传统极限平衡法和FLAC3D强度折减法的计算结果,得出以下结论:①利用二维FLAC3D强度折减法计算的滑坡安全系数略高于传统极限平衡法;②利用三维FLAC3D强度折减法所得滑坡安全系数略高于二维FLAC3D的计算结果;③滑坡安全系数都是随着内摩擦角和粘聚力的增大而增大,其中内摩擦角和粘聚力的变化对三维FLAC3D强度折减法比二维求解安全系数影响更大一些。然后模拟了滑体在天然条件下处于极限平衡状态的滑动方向,并得出天然状况下滑坡整体基本稳定,仅滑坡后缘可能出现局部失稳的分析结果。同时探讨了三维FLAC3D模型建立过程中滑坡外围不动体及滑带以下基岩所取范围大小、网格剖分粗细程度对计算安全系数的影响。 相似文献
6.
结合GIS（地理信息系统）的空间分析能力和滑动面正应力分布假定模型,建立了基于栅格单元的三维边坡极限平衡模型,提出了基于GIS的边坡稳定性计算方法。该方法首先建立了基于栅格柱体单元的三维边坡稳定性分析模型,给出了模型参数在GIS中的空间表达式;其次,在极限平衡条件下,推导出滑体在GIS中的3个力平衡方程式和1个力矩平衡方程式,形成了用于求解三维安全系数的方程组;最后,基于摩尔-库仑强度准则,以及滑动面正应力分布的假定,求解三维安全系数。同时利用COM（组件对象模型）技术开发出一个基于GIS的三维边坡稳定性分析扩展模块,该模块可实现复杂的算法计算以及多种组合荷载下的稳定性计算,并通过算例验证了该模块的正确性和便利性。 相似文献
7.
《岩土力学》2021,(4)
结合GIS(Geographic Information Systems,地理信息系统)的空间分析能力和滑动面正应力分布假定模型,建立了基于栅格单元的三维边坡极限平衡模型,提出了基于GIS的边坡稳定性计算方法。该方法首先建立了基于栅格柱体单元的三维边坡稳定性分析模型,给出了模型参数在GIS中的空间表达式;其次,在极限平衡条件下,推导出滑体在GIS中的3个力平衡方程式和1个力矩平衡方程式,形成了用于求解三维安全系数的方程组;最后,基于摩尔-库伦强度准则,以及滑动面正应力分布的假定,从而求解三维安全系数。同时利用COM(Component Object Model)技术开发出一个基于GIS的三维边坡稳定性分析扩展模块,该模块可实现复杂的算法计算以及多种组合荷载下的稳定性计算,并通过算例验证了该模块的正确性和便利性。 相似文献
8.
《岩土力学》2020,(4)
结合GIS(Geographic Information Systems,地理信息系统)的空间分析能力和滑动面正应力分布假定模型,建立了基于栅格单元的三维边坡极限平衡模型,提出了基于GIS的边坡稳定性计算方法。该方法首先建立了基于栅格柱体单元的三维边坡稳定性分析模型,给出了模型参数在GIS中的空间表达式;其次,在极限平衡条件下,推导出滑体在GIS中的3个力平衡方程式和1个力矩平衡方程式,形成了用于求解三维安全系数的方程组;最后,基于摩尔-库伦强度准则,以及滑动面正应力分布的假定,从而求解三维安全系数。同时利用COM(Component Object Model)技术开发出一个基于GIS的三维边坡稳定性分析扩展模块,该模块可实现复杂的算法计算以及多种组合荷载下的稳定性计算,并通过算例验证了该模块的正确性和便利性。 相似文献
9.
在对长江三峡库区马家沟滑坡表面、边界及钻孔信息提取分析的基础上,采用GIS空间插值及栅格计算,结合力学公式,对马家沟I号滑坡进行三维稳定性的计算和安全系数的分区。首先根据已知的两个钻孔滑移面信息进行空间插值,得到滑移面的初步形态; 再利用得到的滑移面与其余4个钻孔的地层信息比较,推测出其余4个钻孔的滑移面信息; 最后根据所有的钻孔信息插值得到整个滑移面的形态。在对比分析了确定滑移面空间形态的各种空间插值方法后,提出了基于少量滑移面准确信息条件下,采用径向基函数插值获得滑移面较为符合实际情况。不考虑栅格柱体之间的相互作用力,并假定滑坡体内地下水位与库水位一致,利用无限边坡安全系数计算公式,在ArcGIS栅格计算器中计算得到了马家沟I号滑坡的安全系数分区图。通过计算结果可以看出马家沟I号滑坡的不稳定区主要集中在滑体前缘,而较稳定区在前缘、中间以及后缘中间部位都有所分布; 并且随着库水位上升,边坡安全系数有一定程度的下降,特别是滑坡前缘可以被库水浸没的部分。进而可以划分出马家沟滑坡的重点防护治理部位,为马家沟滑坡的防治方案提供有价值的参考。 相似文献
10.
滑带土抗剪强度参数的三维反分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以滑面正应力修正模式的三维边坡稳定性分析方法为基础,建立了确定滑带土抗剪强度参数的三维反分析模型。先对滑坡体的稳定性进行调查评估,确定滑坡的安全系数与三维滑面的几何尺寸;然后,通过对滑面正应力进行合理假定与修正,建立了平衡方程,以强度参数为未知数,利用数学方法并结合试验、经验等手段求解出抗剪强度参数。该模型克服了二维反分析将会高估滑带土的抗剪强度参数的缺陷,而且计算过程简单,易于编程实现。两个简单算例表明,三维反分析模型可以考虑三维滑体的空间效应,得到的抗剪强度参数更真实、更符合实际情况,为滑坡治理提供参考。 相似文献
11.
GIS-Based Probabilistic Mapping of Landslide Hazard Using a Three-Dimensional Deterministic Model 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
Based on a new Geographic Information Systems (GIS) grid-basedthree-dimensional (3-D) deterministic model and taking the slopeunit as the mapping unit, this study maps landslide hazard usingthe 3-D safety factor index and failure probability. Assuming theinitial slip to be the lower part of an ellipsoid, the 3-D critical slipsurface in the 3-D slope stability analysis is located by minimizingthe 3-D safety factor using the Monte Carlo random simulation.The failure probability of the landslide is calculated using anapproximate method in which the distributions of c, andthe 3-D safety factor are assumed to be in normal distribution.The method has been applied to a case study on three-dimensionallyand probabilistically mapping landslide hazard. 相似文献
12.
Assessment of shallow landslide susceptibility using the transient infiltration flow model and GIS-based probabilistic approach 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study proposes a probabilistic analysis method for modeling rainfall-induced shallow landslide susceptibility by combining a transient infiltration flow model and Monte Carlo simulations. The spatiotemporal change in pore water pressure over time caused by rainfall infiltration is one of the most important factors causing landslides. Therefore, the transient infiltration hydrogeological model was adopted to estimate the pore water pressure within the hill slope and to analyze landslide susceptibility. In addition, because of the inherent uncertainty and variability caused by complex geological conditions and the limited number of available soil samples over a large area, this study utilized probabilistic analysis based on Monte Carlo simulations to account for the variability in the input parameters. The analysis was performed in a geographic information system (GIS) environment because GIS can deal efficiently with a large volume of spatial data. To evaluate its effectiveness, the proposed analysis method was applied to a study area that had experienced a large number of landslides in July 2006. For the susceptibility analysis, a spatial database of input parameters and a landslide inventory map were constructed in a GIS environment. The results of the landslide susceptibility assessment were compared with the landslide inventory, and the proposed approach demonstrated good predictive performance. In addition, the probabilistic method exhibited better performance than the deterministic alternative. Thus, analysis methods that account for uncertainties in input parameters are more appropriate for analysis of an extensive area, for which uncertainties may significantly affect the predictions because of the large area and limited data. 相似文献
13.
A multi-method approach to study the stability of natural slopes and landslide susceptibility mapping 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
In this paper, a multi-method approach for the assessment of the stability of natural slopes and landslide hazard mapping applied to the Dakar coastal region is presented. This approach is based on the effective combination of geotechnical field and laboratory works, of GIS, and of mechanical (deterministic and numerical) stability analysis. By using this approach, valuable results were gained regarding instability factors, landslide kinematics, simulation of slope failure and coastal erosion. This led to a thorough assessment and strong reduction in the subjectivity of the slope stability and hazard assessment and to the development of an objective landslide danger map of the SW coast of Dakar. Analysis of the results shows that the slides were influenced by the geotechnical properties of the soil, the weathering, the hydrogeological situation, and the erosion by waves. The landslide susceptibility assessment based on this methodological approach has allowed for an appropriate and adequate consideration of the multiple factors affecting the stability and the optimization of planning and investment for land development in the city. 相似文献
14.
H. R. Pourghasemi H. R. Moradi S. M. Fatemi Aghda C. Gokceoglu B. Pradhan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(5):1857-1878
The aim of this study is to produce landslide susceptibility mapping by probabilistic likelihood ratio (PLR) and spatial multi-criteria evaluation (SMCE) models based on geographic information system (GIS) in the north of Tehran metropolitan, Iran. The landslide locations in the study area were identified by interpretation of aerial photographs, satellite images, and field surveys. In order to generate the necessary factors for the SMCE approach, remote sensing and GIS integrated techniques were applied in the study area. Conditioning factors such as slope degree, slope aspect, altitude, plan curvature, profile curvature, surface area ratio, topographic position index, topographic wetness index, stream power index, slope length, lithology, land use, normalized difference vegetation index, distance from faults, distance from rivers, distance from roads, and drainage density are used for landslide susceptibility mapping. Of 528 landslide locations, 70 % were used in landslide susceptibility mapping, and the remaining 30 % were used for validation of the maps. Using the above conditioning factors, landslide susceptibility was calculated using SMCE and PLR models, and the results were plotted in ILWIS-GIS. Finally, the two landslide susceptibility maps were validated using receiver operating characteristic curves and seed cell area index methods. The validation results showed that area under the curve for SMCE and PLR models is 76.16 and 80.98 %, respectively. The results obtained in this study also showed that the probabilistic likelihood ratio model performed slightly better than the spatial multi-criteria evaluation. These landslide susceptibility maps can be used for preliminary land use planning and hazard mitigation purpose. 相似文献
15.
This paper deals with slope reliability analysis incorporating two-dimensional spatial variation. Two methods, namely the method of autocorrelated slices and the method of interpolated autocorrelations, are proposed for this purpose. Investigations are carried out based on the limit equilibrium method of slices. First-order-reliability-method (FORM) is coupled with deterministic slope stability analysis using the constrained optimization approach. Systematic search for the probabilistic critical slip surface has been carried out in this study. It is shown that both methods work well in modeling 2-D spatial variation. The results of slope reliability analysis are validated by Monte Carlo simulations. Failure probabilities obtained by FORM agree well with simulation results. It is found that 2-D spatial variation significantly influences the reliability analysis, and that the reliability index is more sensitive to vertical autocorrelation distance than to horizontal autocorrelation distance. Based on this study, failure probability is found significantly overestimated when spatial variation is ignored. Finally, the possible use of the method of interpolated autocorrelations in a probabilistic finite element analysis is suggested. 相似文献
16.
A rainfall-induced shallow landslide is a major hazard in mountainous terrain, but a time-space based approach is still an unsettled issue for mapping rainfall-induced shallow landslide hazards. Rain induces a rise of the groundwater level and an increase in pore water pressure that results in slope failures. In this study, an integrated infinite slope analysis model has been developed to evaluate the influence of infiltration on surficial stability of slopes by the limit equilibrium method. Based on this new integrated infinite slope analysis model, a time-space based approach has been implemented to map the distributed landslide hazard in a GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and to evaluate the shallow slope failure induced by a particular rainfall event that accounts for the rainfall intensity and duration. The case study results in a comprehensive time-space landslide hazard map that illustrates the change of the safety factor and the depth of the wetting front over time. 相似文献
17.
GIS支持的斜坡地质灾害空间预测系统框架设计 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
根据斜坡地质灾害研究特点和GIS软件的特点，提出了GIS支持下的斜坡地质灾害空间预测的技术路线，建立了具有不同功能的4个子系统组成的基于GIS的斜坡地质灾害空间预测系统；提出了数据库信息的标准和斜坡地质灾害区域空间预测评价指标体系；讨论了斜坡地质灾害预测及动态监测预测的建模、空间尺度和方法；并利用面向对象的高级编程语言研制开发了该系统，开发了与MAPGIS集成的常用的单体斜坡和区域斜坡稳定性预测模型及斜坡地质灾害工程地质信息非空间数据库和空间图形库。该系统将斜坡工程地质信息数据库与图形库、方法库紧密结合，将斜坡地质灾害区域预测与灾害点稳定性预测评价有机地联成一体。它既可以用作大范围的宏观决策，又可以为单体灾害防治提供必要资料；该系统具有可视性强、传输功能和复制功能强及信息可加工的特点，可达到充分利用资料信息，缩短模拟、评价周期和降低成本的目的；而且结果的可视化便于改善和提高管理部门的管理决策质量，为滑坡治理和城市规划建设提供快速服务。 相似文献