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1.
准噶尔盆地YJ油田是一个埋藏很深,成藏机理复杂的岩性、地层圈闭油气藏。通过侏罗系西山窑组和三工河组原油、油砂抽提物地球化学特征分析后认为,西山窑组原油具有两期成藏混合的特征,三工河组成熟轻质原油、油砂抽提物又表现出煤系烃源岩的特征。这表明,YJ油田具有多源多期充注成藏的特点。对地表土壤中甲烷碳同位素、烃类比值、三维荧光图谱的分析后认为,甲烷同位素、甲烃同位素、烃类比值与凝析油伴生气、石油伴生气的经验值相符;三维荧光既有凝析油-轻油又有轻油-重油的图谱特征。这与原油和油砂抽提物的研究结果相近,也表明该油田具有多种油源。因而认为,在未知地区对土壤油气地球化学特征进行研究,对于初步判断油气来源同样具有良好的效果。 相似文献
2.
Ability of indigenous Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis in microbial enhanced oil recovery 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
S. Haghighat A. Akhavan Sepahy Ph.D. M. Mazaheri Assadi Ph.D. H. Pasdar Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(3):385-390
Microbially produced lipopeptide have been isolated and studied for microbial enhanced oil recovery. About 60 gram positive bacteria isolated from soil contaminated with crude oil, near the crude oil storage tank in Tehran Refinery, Tehran, Iran. However, most of these studies have produced lipopeptide by one of the pure-culture microbes isolated in a laboratory. Among the isolates, heamolytic tests revealed two biosurfactant producers. The isolated strains were designated as C2, E1. By using morphological, biochemical and molecular biology tests (16 SrRNA), the strains identified as Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtitlis, respectively. Emulsification activity and measurement of surface tension indicated that, the isolates were high producers of biosurfactant. The product of C2 and E1 is mainly lipopeptide. This product reduce surface tension from 65 to 30 mN/m. Emulsified activity of crude oil was 92% for C2 and 90 % in case of E1. This is the first report of indigenous Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis from a soil contaminated with oil in an Iranian refinery with ability to produce biosurfactant. 相似文献
3.
Accumulation and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils around oil sludge in Zhongyuan oil field, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil samples around three different oily sludge
plants in winter were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the pollution degree with PAHs in soil
samples was determined. Soil samples were collected from the agricultural soil around three different oily sludge plants (the
Third Wenming Plant, the Third Mazhai Plant, and the Fourth Wener Plant) along with the leeway in Zhongyuan oil field. The
distances from collected sample sites to oily sludge plants are 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 m, respectively. The results
show that the contents of PAHs in soil samples decrease dramatically with the increase of the distance from the oily sludge,
and that the PAHs with 2–4 rings are major pollutants in the oily sludge and soil samples. The main factors, which influenced
the distribution of PAHs are discussed. Based on Nemero Index P, the classification evaluation shows that the soils around
the oily sludge are heavily polluted in winter. The health risk assessment and ecological risk assessment of the soils around
the oily sludge in Zhongyuan oil field in winter are analyzed. 相似文献
4.
Pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in oily sludge from the Zhongyuan Oilfield and its peripheral soils 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The purpose of this study is to determine the degree of contamination caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in
oily sludge and soils around it in the Zhongyuan Oilfield. The contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in oily sludge
samples were determined with HPLC. The contents of PAHs of oily sludge from three different oil production plants vary from
high to low in the order of the Wenming oily sludge dumping site of No. 3 Oil Production Plant (3W)>the Mazhai oily sludge
dumping site of No. 3 Oil Production Plant (3M)>the Wen’er oily sludge dumping site of No. 4 Oil Production Plant (4W). Naphthalene,
acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorine and phenanthrene are the major pollutants of PAHs in oily sludge. The contents of PAHs
in soil samples around the oily sludge dumping sites vary widely from 434.49 to 2408.8 ng/g. Naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorine,
phenanthrene and pyrene are the characteristic factors of PAHs in soil samples of 3M and 3W, and naphthalene, acenaphthene,
fluorine and phenanthrene are the characteristic factors of PAHs in soil samples of 4W. According to these data and the ratios
of Fl/Py, PAHs in oily sludge samples come mainly from petrogenic sources, and soil samples are divided into petrogenic soil
samples and mixed-source soil samples, and both petrogenic and pyrogenic soil samples in terms of the sources of PAHs. The
classification by Nemero index P indicates that soils around the oily sludge dumping sites have been seriously polluted. 相似文献
5.
D. Ramirez J. Dussan 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(5):1197-1206
Petroleum exploitation in oilfields, especially drilling, generates an oily sludge mixed with hydrocarbons and mineral solids. This oily sludge is sometimes treated by bioremediation and phytoremediation. This investigation established that landfarmed oil sludge provided adequate soil conditions to grow jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis) that in turn rhizo- and phytoremediated residual aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil. Landfarming oily sludge adequately reduced jack bean phytotoxicity. Rhizo- and phytodegradation reduced total petroleum hydrocarbons by 57.38 % during 4 months of growing jack beans. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were detected in the roots but not in the aerial parts. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were translocated to the roots, stems, leaves, and beans, requiring successive cropping to manage all risks associated with some aromatic hydrocarbons found such as: acenaphthylene, anthracene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, and benzo(a)pyrene. Landfarming and phytoremediation, perhaps with successive crops, holds the promise of providing inexpensive management of extensive oily wastes when sufficient land is available. 相似文献
6.
Induced degradation of crude oil mediated by microbial augmentation and bulking agents 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
B. Kumari S. N. Singh D. P. Singh 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(4):1029-1042
Different bacterial and fungal strains, isolated from petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, were tested, in isolation as well as in combination, for their ability to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in soil samples spiked with crude oil (2, 5 or 10 %, w/w) for 30 days. The selected combination of bacterial and fungal isolates, i.e., Pseudomonas stutzeri BP10 and Aspergillus niger PS9, exhibited the highest efficiency of TPH degradation (46.7 %) in soil spiked with 2 % crude oil under control condition. Further, when this combination was applied under natural condition in soil spiked with 2 % (w/w) crude oil along with inorganic fertilizers (NPK) and different bulking agents such as rice husk, sugarcane, vermicompost or coconut coir, the percent degradation of TPH was found to be maximum (82.3 %) due to the presence of inorganic fertilizers and rice husk as bulking agent. Further, results showed that the presence of NPK and bulking agents induced the activity of degradative enzymes, such as catalase (0.718 m mol H2O2 g?1), laccase (0.77 µmol g?1), dehydrogenase (37.5 µg g?1 h?1), catechol 1, 2 dioxygenase (276.11 µ mol g?1) and catechol 2, 3 dioxygenase (15.15 µ mol g?1) as compared to control (without bioaugmentation). It was inferred that the selected combination microbes along with biostimulants could accentuate the crude oil degradation as evident from the biostimulant-induced enhanced activity of degradative enzymes. 相似文献
7.
Onshore and offshore oil spills contaminate soil. In addition to environmental concerns for ground water pollution and other possible effects, the geotechnical properties of the contaminated soil such as the shear strength and the hydraulic conductivity are also altered. This note is a report of research in progress to evaluate the variation of the shear strength of a sand contaminated by a crude oil and thus the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations. The limited results of the tests reported here relate to only one type of sand and one crude oil. The oil content was varied from zero to 4.2%. Results of direct shear tests for determining the soil friction angle are given. Along with these, laboratory model test results for the ultimate bearing capacity of a surface strip foundation supported by crude oil-contaminated sand are also presented. Based on these test results, the effect of oil contamination in drastically reducing the bearing capacity is discussed. 相似文献
8.
Mechanical behaviour study of soil polluted by crude oil: case of Sidi El Itayem oilfield,Sfax, Tunisia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The pollution of soils by xenobiotic organic substances such as crude oil constitutes major environmental risks, which are
still badly evaluated. The environmental risks are caused by the direct contamination of the surrounding areas or by an effect
on the living organisms in the soils, thus acting directly on man via the food chains. For these reasons, it is essential
to study the effects of these pollutants in the soil. The general objective of the work was to better characterize the mechanical
behaviour of sites polluted by crude oil in the short and medium terms (case of oilfield of Sidi El Itayem, Sfax, Tunisia
under the supervision of the Franco-Tunisian Oil Company). The process consists of determining and comparing the physicochemical,
mechanical and geotechnical characteristics of virgin soil and soil artificially polluted by crude oil according to various
pollution rates reaching 15% of the weight of virgin soil. This process made it possible to generate scientific knowledge
and data, which could allow the prediction of the effects of the latter in interaction with the soil. 相似文献
9.
中俄原油管道原油泄漏造成的环境污染和环境岩土工程问题是目前迫切需要解决的重要问题。通过淋滤作用下的石油污染物迁移过程室内模拟试验,研究了石油污染物在冻土区的迁移过程和迁移特征,研究发现：石油污染物在迁移过程中,油、水、气三相流体存在一个动态的平衡过程,其三者共同占据土样中的孔隙空间;石油污染物在冻土区迁移主要经历3个过程：吸附、迁移和聚集;石油污染物在迁移过程中,其各个成分和各烃类化合物迁移能力都有所不同,烃类化合物中碳数和烃类结构影响其迁移速度;冻土层对石油污染物的迁移具有明显的阻碍作用,可有效防治土壤深层次污染。研究成果为冻土区石油污染物多相流（油、水、气）水热质迁移动力学模型的建立以及石油污染引起的岩土工程特性变化等研究奠定了重要的基础 相似文献
10.
Roger Sassen 《Organic Geochemistry》1980,2(3-4)
Crude oil biodegradation and related mineral deposition are taking place at the present time in the shallow caprock and overlaying Heterostegina limestone of the Damon Mound Salt Dome, Brazoria County, Texas. Scanning electron microscopy shows calcite, pyrite, and some elemental sulfur in intimate association with microbes, biodegraded crude oil, and gypsum. Similar processes, involving aerobic and anaerobic microbial activity, are suggested to explain the massive deposition of secondary minerals which occurred at Damon Mound in the geologic past. 相似文献
11.
Mohammed Musa Amro Mohammed Said Benzagouta Wimpy Karnanda 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(3):873-880
The main objectives of this paper are to study crude oil migration as a toxic fluid, its rate of penetration, and its consequences for eventual treatment. To achieve these objectives, an experimental model was designed comprising two separated columns, filled with soil and other rock types to simulate a real case scenario. Crude oil penetration depth versus time was recorded by taking soil samples whereas water samples were collected from the wet system to analyze the penetrating liquid. The results show that penetration depth was greater in the wet system during the early stages rather than in the dry system. However, with time, penetration becomes more developed in both systems. Overall penetration in the final stage was found to be significantly higher in the dry system. In addition, it was observed that during crude oil migration in dry system, chromatographic separation of crude oil components has occurred obviously. The obtained results reveal that immediate treatment must be performed in both systems but particularly in the wet system, due to its higher initial penetration rate. 相似文献
12.
作者根据人微言轻原油成分之一的脂肪酸及其相应的盐和酯，能部分溶于与油气伴生的地层水中，且可以通过构造裂隙等通道被带到地表，导致地表土壤成分变化之原理，曾对中原油田马厂－三春集试验区作了脂肪酸油、气化探研究：即通过对试验区２９１个土壤样品脂肪酸总丰度的定量分析；部分土样、原油样、油田水样的气相色谱、色谱－质谱以及碳同位素组成的对比、鉴定。最后，根据脂肪酸的总丰度异常圈出了石油勘探有利地区。 相似文献
13.
Mushtak Talib Jabbar Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(2)
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＬａｒｇｅａｒｅａｓｏｆａｒｉｄａｎｄｓｅｍｉａｒｉｄｒｅｇｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄａｒｅａｆ ｆｅｃｔｅｄｂｙｗｉｎｄｅｒｏｓｉｏｎ .Ａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ 2 8.4%ｏｆｔｈｉｓａｒｅａａｒｅａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄｂｙｓｅｖｅｒｅａｎｄｖｅｒｙｓｅｖｅｒｅｗｉｎｄｅｒｏｓｉｏｎ (Ｋａｔｅｓｅｔａｌ.,1977) .ＩｎＩｒａｑ ,ｔｈｅａｒｉｄａｎｄｓｅｍｉａｒｉｄｒｅｇｉｏｎｓｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｎｅａｒｌｙ 75%ｏｆｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｌａｎｄ .5 0 %ｏｆｔｈｉｓｌａｎｄｉｓｓｕｂｊｅｃ… 相似文献
14.
包气带中原油的迁移和降解研究 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
在石油的开采和集输过程中,常常有大量的原油抛洒和泄漏,这对土壤和植物地造成严重污染,本文通过大量野外和室内的原油渗透试验,含油地层的淋滤试验和石油的生物降解试验,来研究石油污染物在包气带中迁移,转化和降解规律,从而地下水石油污染的潜在性作出科学的评价。 相似文献
15.
Oil fields present a potential ecological risk to nearby farmland soil. Here we present a new method designed to evaluate the ability of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) to contribute to the dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are priority pollutants in soils contaminated by oily sludge. The influence of different doses of oily sludge on the dissipation of PAHs was studied along with individual PAH profiles in soils after different periods of plant growth. Five soil samples were artificially contaminated with different percentages of oily sludge (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %). Winter wheat grew in the oily sludge–amended soils for 265 days. PAH content in the soils was monitored over the course of the study. The rate of PAH dissipation is related to the properties of different PAHs, period of winter wheat growth, and oily sludge application dose. Analysis for treated soils indicates that the dissipation of PAHs increased significantly over the first 212 days, followed by minimal changes over the final 53 days of treatment. In contrast, PAH dissipation slowed with increasing oily sludge application. For each PAH, the experimental results showed a significant compound-dependent trend. Winter wheat in the present study significantly enhanced the dissipation of PAHs in oily sludge–contaminated soil. 相似文献
16.
为了解石油污染对土的压实特性的影响,利用室内击实试验,以原油、柴油和水为介质,得到了单一液体介质和油水混合介质时土的击实曲线。结果表明:石油代替水作为壤粘土孔隙流体,其击实曲线无明显峰值,干密度随含油率增加略有增大但远小于无污染土的最大干密度。油水混合作为孔隙流体,随含油率的增加,原油污染土壤的击实曲线由钟型、双峰型转向无明显峰值曲线,出现类似高液限粘土压实特性;柴油污染土的击实曲线由尖锐型转变为无峰值型;最优含水率均减小,最大干密度随含油率变化规律与油品性质有关。提出了"油膜润滑"的新观点,可较好地解释石油污染壤粘土击实曲线的变化规律。 相似文献
17.
G. Asadollahfard A. Khodadi N. Javadifar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):712-718
Soil pollution by crude oil is a challenging environmental issue for oil producing countries. Several methods have been developed for remediation of the contaminated soil including washing with different detergents. In this work, we applied UTCHEM simulator model to the sand columns polluted by 10000 and 30000 ppm of crude oil which was treated with 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 wt% of a biological detergent, saponin. The results showed a good agreement between simulated and pilot study. The maximum remediation was 61% with a pH of 9 when we utilized 0.2 wt% saponin for the column contaminated with 30000 ppm of crude oil. 47% remediation was achieved with a pH of 9 when 0.1wt% of detergent was applied to the same column. Sensitivity analysis indicated an increase in remediation by increasing the pH with the optimum pH of 11. The best possible concentrations of surfactant solutions were 0.1 and 0.2 wt% for 10000 and 30000 ppm pollution, respectively, resulting in crude oil removal efficiencies of 69% and 72%, respectively. Simulation results also indicated that an increase in the permeability of the sand columns would also result in an increased remediation. 相似文献
18.
The purpose of this study is to comparatively investigate the plant uptake, accumulation and translocation behaviors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as priority pollutants in soil contaminated with oily sludge. The influence of different oily sludge application doses on the uptake of contaminants was studied together with the profile of individual PAH in roots, straws and leaves of winter wheat. Pot experiments were conducted using oily sludge application doses of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent, respectively. The total PAHs contents of control soil and oily sludge were 16.96 and 3504.66 μg/g, respectively. Analysis for the contents of the 16 PAHs was carried out with a HPLC-UV using plant tissue samples obtained at the 265th day of growth. The total PAHs contents in treated winter wheat were 9.02-334.81 ng/g for roots, 8.45-336.52 ng/g for straws and 10.70-406.32 ng/g for leaves. In addition to 5% of oily sludge dose, the total PAHs content in leaves was always highest under other doses of oily sludge application. With respect to individual PAH, the content did not show a significant plant tissue related trend. However, both the total content and individual content of PAHs in treated winter wheat tissues did increase with increasing oily sludge application dose. Another analysis for the control soil indicates that the degradation rate of PAHs was significantly enhanced by winter wheat after 265 days of growth based on the residual concentrations of PAHs in planted and unplanted soils. 相似文献
19.
奥连特盆地斜坡带原油油品分布复杂,重质原油开发难度大、不经济,中轻质原油分布规律不清,严重制约斜坡带油气勘探。本文从原油地化分析入手,通过分析原油分布特征和地化特征,明确重油成因机理,建立原油充注模式,指出中轻质油有利发育区,以有效指导油气勘探。研究结果如下:(1)斜坡带原油正构烷烃具有前峰型碳分布形式,表明原油主要为海相母源;(2)原油具有“双低+双高”族组成,表明原油为烃源岩低熟-成熟阶段产物;(3)重油主要为生物降解成因,证据1为:饱和烃总离子流图发育UCM现象,证据2为:检测发现25-降藿烷标志性化合物;(4)地化分析表明同一样品中同时存在降解原油和未降解原油特征,表明原油为两期充注成因;(5)据此建立油气两期充注模式:早期常规原油充注,中期原油普遍遭受生物降解,原油变重,晚期常规原油充注与降解原油混合控制平面原油油品分布特征,并指出斜坡带砂岩尖灭条带下倾方向是常规油有利分布区,部署探井、评价井获得了成功。 相似文献