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1.
The paper presents numerical simulations investigating the settlement reduction caused by stone columns in a natural soft clay. The focus is on the influence of the soft soil alteration caused by column installation. A uniform mesh of end-bearing columns under a distributed load was considered. Therefore, the columns were modelled using the “unit cell” concept, i.e. only one column and the corresponding surrounding soil in axial symmetry. The properties of the soft clay correspond to Bothkennar clay, which is modelled using S-CLAY1 and S-CLAY1S, which are Cam clay type models that account for anisotropy and destructuration. The Modified Cam clay model is also used for comparison. Column installation was modelled independently to avoid mesh distortions, and soft soil alteration was directly considered in the initial input values. The results show that the changes in the stress field, such as the increase of radial stresses and mean stresses and the loss of overconsolidation, are beneficial for high loads and closely spaced columns but, on the contrary, may be negative for low loads, widely spaced columns and overconsolidated soils. Moreover, whilst the rotation of the soil fabric reduces the settlement, in contrast the soil destructuration during column installation reduces the improvement. 相似文献
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淤泥固化技术在国内已经进入到工程应用阶段,明确固化淤泥的压缩特性对于指导淤泥固化工程的设计具有重要意义。通过单因素试验方案对不同初始含水率、不同水泥添加量、不同养护龄期的固化淤泥的压缩特性进行了研究。结果发现,固化淤泥压缩特性的最大特点是存在固结屈服应力,当荷载小于固结屈服应力时固化淤泥的压缩性非常小,而固化淤泥屈服之后的压缩性是屈服前压缩性的20倍以上,并且远大于未处理淤泥的压缩特性。淤泥本身是高压缩性的土,固化处理以后变为中等压缩性和低压缩性的土体。固化淤泥的固结屈服应力随水泥量增加线性增大,龄期越长、含水率越低固结屈服应力越大。固化淤泥的这种在固结屈服应力处发生突变的压缩特性和天然沉积结构性土类似,可以用双对数压缩模式来表示固化淤泥的这种压缩特性。 相似文献
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Numerical analysis of stone column supported foundations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
H. F. Schweiger 《Computers and Geotechnics》1986,2(6):347-372
In this paper, settlement and failure load of rafts resting on stone column reinforced soft clays are analyzed. The influence of the stone columns is assumed to be uniformly and homogeneously distributed throughout the reinforced region. It is also assumed that both columns and surrounding soil undergo the same total strains i.e. no slip occurs on the soil-column interface. A constitutive model is presented for an equivalent material. It combines different elasto-plastic laws, namely the Critical State model for clay and the Mohr-Coulomb criterion for gravel. Continuity of radial stresses is ensured by an additional pseudo-yield criterion. The model is incorporated in a finite element code and results for a circular footing are presented. The influence of dilatancy of the columns is highlighted together with the differences in the behaviour for columns situated at the centre or at the outer boundary of the footing. Flexible as well as rigid foundations are considered. It is emphasized that the finite element mesh is independent of the column spacing leading to considerable advantages in carrying out parametric studies. 相似文献
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通过现场4桩大压板静载试验,布置土压力盒,测定并分析C桩（刚性桩）桩顶、M桩（亚刚性桩）桩顶和桩间土体应力,计算桩（C桩+M桩）土荷载分担比,分析CM桩复合地基静载试验过程中桩、土的受力特性。通过设置不同垫层厚度,对比大压板试验P-S曲线,结合单桩静载试验,分析CM桩复合地基垫层的破坏模式及垫层效应。试验结果表明,CM桩复合地基工作时C桩桩顶应力集中现象明显,C桩桩土应力比大于10,M桩桩土应力比小于10;随着试验加载,桩土应力比逐渐增大,C桩桩土应力比增大幅度大于M桩;在复合地基设计荷载条件下,桩土荷载分担比接近6:3:1;将M桩和桩间土体视为一整体,即地基处理后相对于C桩的“桩间土”,则桩土荷载分担比为6:4,设计较为合理;随着垫层厚度增大,CM桩复合地基沉降值增大;当C桩成桩质量较好时,垫层破坏模式为C桩桩顶刺入破坏,试验时应合理选取褥垫层的材料和厚度。 相似文献
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The axial stress–strain relations of embedded granular columns encapsulated with flexible reinforcement were evaluated using an analytical procedure based on the cavity expansion method. This proposed method has firstly been verified through an experimental triaxial test on a reinforced sand specimen. A normalized relation was established between the volumetric change and the axial strain of soil to enable the analysis of granular material behavior under a continuous increase in lateral pressure. The analytical results show that the reinforced granular columns embedded in clay behave differently from granular columns subjected only to a constant confining pressure. It is found that reinforcing a column with a sleeve at the top portion will be adequate to prevent the column from bulging and also improve its load carrying capacity. The optimum skirting length that a sleeve can deter a granular column from bulging depends on the characteristics of the in situ soil and the stiffness and yield strength of the sleeve. 相似文献
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土石坝所处的应力状态较接近平面应变应力状态或三维应力状态,而常规三轴试验低估了粗粒料的力学性能。应用大型真三轴仪对常规三轴应力状态、平面应变应力状态和真三轴应力状态（ 0.25, 为中主应力系数, 、 、 分别为大、中、小主应力）下粗粒料的力学特性进行了压缩试验研究。试验结果表明：相同小主应力下,常规三轴试验、平面应变试验、真三轴试验的大、小主应力之差与大主应力方向应变的关系曲线依次变高变陡。某一试验加载条件下,体应变随球应力的增大而增大,初始剪切阶段增加较慢,随后呈线性增大,不同小主应力的体应变曲线较为接近。平面应变试验强度和真三轴试验强度比常规三轴试验强度有较大增长,真三轴试验强度增加百分比大于平面应变试验强度增加百分比。初始弹性模量随小主应力的增大呈线性增大。平面应变状态下中主应力系数随大主应力方向应变的增大而增大,初始剪切阶段增长较缓,之后近似呈线性增大。相同小主应力下,从常规三轴应力状态至平面应变应力状态再到真三轴应力状态,小主应力方向应变均为膨胀变形,且膨胀变形依次增大。同一试验加载条件下,小主应力较小时,应力比（偏应力与球应力之比）与偏应变的关系曲线位于上方。 相似文献
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对单剪条件下的应力莫尔圆变化过程进行详细分析,将莫尔圆从初始状态到破坏状态的大、小主应力变化过程看做由若干个等增量步组成,从而推导出任意剪应力状态与初始状态对应的小主应力差值与两者大主应力差值的比为一常数,该常数可以根据初始状态莫尔圆和破坏时对应的莫尔圆确定。推导出单剪条件下任意剪应力对应的大、小主应力及主应力轴方向的表达式。讨论了土体材料参数及法向应力对主应力轴偏转过程的影响以及大、小主应力与剪应力的关系。结果表明：在土体材料参数一定的条件下,主应力轴方向由应力比唯一确定;法向应力一定,土体的摩擦角越小,相同剪应力对应的主应力偏转角越大;剪切起始阶段,主应力变化缓慢,随着剪应力增大,主应力急剧变化至土样破坏时保持不变。 相似文献
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Deformation analysis of soft ground reinforced by columnar inclusions 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
A simple theoretical approach to predict the deformation behaviour of soft ground reinforced by columnar inclusions such as stone columns./granular piles, sand compaction piles, lime or cement columns, etc., is presented in this paper. The analysis is performed based on the deformation properties of the column material and the surrounding soil. The interaction shear stresses between the column and the surrounding soil are considered to account for the stress transfer between the column and the soil. The solution is obtained by imposing compatibility between the displacements of the column and the soil for each element of the column-soil system. Numerical evaluations are made for a range of parameters to illustrate the influence of various parameters on the predictions. The proposed method is verified with finite element analysis and a reasonable agreement is obtained between the predictions. 相似文献
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Numerical study of the deformation of saturated soil in the vicinity of a vibrating pile 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The paper presents a dynamic finite-element analysis of the deformation of saturated cohesionless soil in the vicinity of the toe of a vibrating cylindrical pile. The soil behaviour is described by a hypoplastic constitutive model with intergranular strain assuming locally undrained conditions for the pore fluid. Emphasis is placed on the detailed analysis of stresses and displacements in the soil. It is shown that, starting from a homogeneous stress state, the first several cycles of vibration lead to the formation of a permanent liquefaction zone with vanishing effective stresses at a certain distance from the pile. The displacement field reveals an accumulation of residual displacements in the soil in the form of rotation. The influence of the initial stress state, the pore fluid compressibility, the pile displacement amplitude and the soil density on the formation of a liquefaction zone, on the stress amplitude in the soil and on the intensity of the permanent rotation is investigated. 相似文献
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软土在不同应力路径下的力学特性分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过固结不排水剪应力路径试验对广州南沙典型软土在不同固结条件的力学特性进行了系统研究。分析了初始固结状态对软黏土应力路径依赖性的影响,比较了不同应力路径下土的应力-应变关系特征和孔隙水压力变化规律,探讨了孔压分布与土体变形特征的关系,认为侧向卸荷会造成剪应力增加、体应力减小,从而使土体产生剪胀趋势。研究结果还表明,不排水条件下的有效应力路径主要与土样初始固结状态有关,因而同一固结状态下的有效应力路径具有唯一性。另外,试验中的剪切控制方式对有效应力路径有明显影响,但对土体抗剪强度的影响可以忽略。 相似文献
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桩承式路堤土拱形成及荷载传递机制离散元分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土拱效应是桩承式路堤中影响荷载传递的关键因素。基于前人的室内模型试验,建立了桩承式路堤离散元（DEM）数值分析模型。基于路堤中应力偏转规律对土拱随桩土相对位移的形成规律进行了分析。在该基础上提出了合理拱轴线土拱模型,并引入荷载传递系数? 对土拱与土拱下方路堤填料间的荷载传递进行量化分析。模拟结果表明,桩土相对位移引起路堤中应力主方向发生偏转并形成虚拟土拱;土拱形态及高度随桩土相对位移的变化而变化,最大拱高约0.8倍桩净间距;? 随土拱高度的增加呈对数关系减小。 相似文献
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冻土中钢管桩荷载传递函数曲线研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以室内冻土中钢管桩模型桩静载试验为例,介绍了冻土中钢管桩荷载传递函数的测试过程和计算方法,给出了一定条件下模型钢管桩桩身冻结力荷载传递函数曲线及桩端阻力荷载传递函数曲线,并分析了流变效应对荷载传递的影响.结果表明:模型钢管桩桩侧冻结力荷载传递函数曲线及桩端阻力荷载传递函数曲线其线状大致分别程抛物线及直线;由于流变效应的影响,桩侧冻结应力及端阻应力随时间有不同程度的变化;桩土相对位移和桩端下沉量开始5 h内随时间变化较大,但加载5 h后逐渐向稳定方向发展.其研究结果可为进一步的桩土间的本构关系研究提供参考. 相似文献
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动应力-动应变关系作为反映路基填料土动力特性的重要参数,对其进行影响因素试验研究可为路基填料土的工程特性研究提供参考依据。本文借助动三轴试验手段进行砾类土动应力-动应变关系影响因素研究,采用应力控制的加载方式进行加载,分析了试验压力、土样含水率、土样压实度、荷载作用频率和初始静偏应力等5种条件和砾类土动力特性的作用规律,并总结砾类土动应力-动应变关系变化规律。研究结果表明：当动三轴试验的围压为30 kPa、土样压实度为96%、含水率为最佳含水率7.5%时,其动应力-动应变关系曲线接近应力轴,砾类土的动强度大;荷载作用频率为1、2 Hz变化时以及小于10 kPa的初始静偏应力对砾类土的动应力-应变关系影响较小;针对各影响因素下的动应力-动应变关系曲线,对其采用的双曲线模型拟合相关系数均大于0.96,说明该模型能够有效拟合其关系曲线;根据试验模型可知,试验中压力越大,参数a、b值越小,同理,土样的压实度越大,a、b值也越小。 相似文献
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桩基负摩阻力时间效应试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
由于黏土固结缓慢,桩基负摩阻力存在明显的时间效应,然而目前相关研究仍显不足。设计实施了能实现桩顶加载及较大超载值的单桩及双桩负摩阻力模型试验,桩周土采用砂土和软黏土夹层,测定了模型桩身应力、桩顶位移以及土体分层沉降随固结时间的变化。试验结果显示,沉降、负摩阻力具有明显的时间效应。土表超载作用下土体沉降带动桩沉降,桩与土体的沉降均表现出早期快、后期慢的趋势。试验加载初期,黏土夹层处的负摩阻力略小于砂层,但随土体固结而增长,其基本变化规律与沉降相同。因桩端砂土层沉降稳定迅速,中性点随桩身沉降增长略呈上移趋势。此外,相同荷载作用下桩间距较小的双桩,由于下拉力较小,其沉降较小。试验条件下,3D桩间距的负摩阻力群桩效应系数在0.71～0.77之间,6D桩间距时不存在负摩阻力群桩效应。 相似文献
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以福州盆地广泛存在的3层结构性软土为研究对象,首先阐述了三者的沉积特征及常规物理力学性质,然后利用共振柱试验仪进行了一系列不同固结应力下动力试验,得到不同结构性软土在动荷载作用下的动阻尼比λ,通过数值分析给出其阻尼比λ与剪应变γ关系曲线,进而分析不同结构性软土试验结果的差异。试验结果表明:动阻尼比λ与剪应变γ关系与固结应力没有很强的相关性,在剪应变0.00001~0.01范围内三层结构性软土λ-γ曲线差异较大。试验成果为进一步了解福州盆地土层地震效应提供了可靠的数据,具有现实意义。 相似文献
18.
A rigorous semi‐analytical solution for undrained cylindrical cavity expansion in critical state soils 
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下载免费PDF全文 Apostolos Vrakas 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(15):2137-2160
This paper presents a generalized, rigorous and simple large strain solution for the undrained expansion of a vertical cylindrical cavity in critical state soils using a rate‐based plasticity formulation: the initial stress field is taken as anisotropic, that is with horizontal stresses that differ from the vertical stress, and the soil is assumed to satisfy any two‐invariant constitutive model from the critical state (Cam‐clay) family; no simplifying assumption is made during the mathematical derivation; calculating the effective stresses around the cavity requires the solution of a nonlinear equation by means of the Newton–Raphson method in combination with quadrature. Cavity expansion curves and stress distributions in the soil are then presented for different critical state models (including the modified Cam‐clay model). The solution derived can be useful for estimating the instantaneous response of saturated low‐permeability soils around piles and self‐boring pressuremeters and can serve as trustworthy benchmark for numerical analysis codes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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滑带土动力学性质试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究地震高烈度区老滑坡的复活变形原因,本文对滑坡滑带土的动力学特性进行了系列研究。本次试验采用扰动土样,制样基本物理指标按滑带土的现场测试指标确定,在不固结不排水条件下,运用MTS810Teststar程控液压伺服土动三轴仪对单个样品逐级放大动应力的分级试验方法进行。侧向压力 (围压 )分别采用 100kPa、20 0kPa、300kPa三级,通过施加轴向振动荷载 (力 )模拟地震作用,振动波形为正弦波,频率为 1Hz,振幅随试样性质确定。研究结果表明,滑带土在动荷载作用下的动力学性质与其静荷载作用下的力学性质有着较大的差异,主要表现在滑带土的动应力与动应变关系的非线性、滞后性及变形积累特点,动弹性模量与动强度的显著降低以及动阻尼比的显著增大特性。这揭示了动力作用下的滑坡复活原因之一,同时为滑坡稳定性评价和动力作用下的变形机制模拟分析提供了基础资料,也为分析滑带土动力本构模型提供了基本内容。 相似文献