共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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G. O. Tepanosyan O. A. Belyaeva L. V. Saakyan A. K. Sagatelyan 《Geochemistry International》2017,55(6):581-588
Analysis and calculation techniques of geochemical background concentrations of chemical elements in various systems is of paramount importance for applied geochemistry. Herein we assume the geochemical background as the average of natural variations in the concentrations of chemical elements determined at a territory that highly probable does not host any natural and/or anthropogenic sources of contaminating chemical elements. In the context of determining geochemical background, our research was focused on determining the concentrations of heavy metals in soils in the city of Yerevan with the application of an integrated approach. Comparison of the obtained background values with the mean concentrations of elements in the upper continental crust yields representative data, and the application of various statistical tests (±3σ, ±2σ, and boxplots) is proved to equally efficient. 相似文献
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上海崇明岛表层土壤重金属元素分布特征与环境地球化学基线值研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对上海崇明岛地区表层土壤中重金属元素的分布特征进行了研究,结果表明崇明岛表层土壤未受人为污染。运用标准化方法计算了崇明岛地区表层土壤中重金属元素镉、铬、铜、铅、锌、砷的环境地球化学基线值,建立了元素镉、铬、铜、铅、锌、砷的环境地球化学基线模型,确定其环境地球化学基线值分别为0.19、71.97、31.32、24.79、86.43、8.34μg/g。与上海市土壤背景值进行了对比检验,结果显示,标准化方法能有效计算土壤中元素的环境地球化学基线,获得的基线符合其定义和实际意义,为区域经济发展规划和环境评价提供了实用的基础地球化学信息。 相似文献
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纳米矿物作为连接原子/分子和块体矿物材料的桥梁,在建立矿物微观反应机制和宏观现象的研究中具有重要的意义.随着纳米地质学的迅速发展,纳米矿物在地表环境中的分布、存在形式及其反应活性引起了越来越多关注.综述了天然环境中常见的纳米矿物的成因、存在方式、特殊的尺寸效应、团聚行为、生物/非生物界面反应的分子机制,及其对地表环境和元素生物地球化学循环的影响;着重介绍了具有重要环境意义的纳米矿物与其对应的大尺寸矿物颗粒在吸附行为、溶解速率、团聚状态、催化活性、界面电子传递效率等方面的差异.对于纳米矿物与其对应的宏观矿物晶体之间差异的研究,有助于全面认识矿物对各种地质过程的作用,对于推动地球科学向更加微观和深入的方向发展具有极其重要的意义. 相似文献
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黑龙江五常地区土壤肥力及环境健康评价 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
从农业用地的角度,以地球化学为主要手段,对黑龙江五常地区的土壤肥力指标及环境健康指标进行了筛选,并对其中各元素指标的地球化学分布进行了统计分析。参考1990年出版的《中国土壤元素背景》以及依据中国土壤环境质量标准得出结论：五常地区土壤中有机质及植物所必需大量元素中N、K、C、Mg、S的含量相对于全国土壤(A层)背景值较为丰富, P、Ca较缺乏;对Hg、Pb、Zn、Cu、As、Cr、Ni重金属元素进行综合评价, 99%以上的土壤达到了一级标准;必需微量元素中Fe、Mn相对于全国土壤(A层)背景值较为丰富,B、 Mo、Zn、Cl较为缺乏。 相似文献
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花岗岩类化学元素丰度研究是花岗岩类地球化学和地壳丰度研究的一项重要内容,一直为国际上所关注,并有很多学者先后发表了不同的花岗岩类化学成分和元素丰度的数据,但迄今为止世界上还没有花岗岩类地球化学图的出版。本文以中国56种元素花岗岩类地球化学图为基础,探讨了中国大陆花岗岩类各元素地球化学图所展示的多元素的区域分布特征、空间分布规律和分布模式。结果显示,花岗岩类各元素的空间分布模式与中国花岗岩类的分布和特征密切相关。花岗岩类地球化学图能够清晰地反映出花岗岩类化学成份的空间变化规律和特征。 相似文献
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无机地球化学参数与有效烃源岩发育环境的相关研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
探索海相有效烃源岩判识指标仍是我国油气勘探中尚待解决的重要科研任务之一。古生产力及氧化还原条件是研究全球变化和海洋环境的重要内容,也是重塑有效烃源岩发育环境的主要参数。Si、Ba是古生产力的替代指标,Cd对古营养盐的反演具良好前景。过渡金属及其相关比值是缺氧环境的有效判识指标,可用其推断有机质保存条件。δ13Ccarb正偏移指示有机质埋藏量增加,是底部水体缺氧的响应。过渡金属同位素（δ65Cu、δ66Zn、δ97Mo）受生物活动及氧化还原条件的影响发生较大分馏,示踪环境变化具灵敏、高效性。将这些无机参数对古环境的示踪意义引入油气地质研究,从环境角度分析某一套地层能否发育有效烃源岩,进而探讨高演化海相有效烃源岩的判识,就更具特殊意义。 相似文献
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浙江省恶性肿瘤的环境地球化学研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用区域地球化学资料开展浙江省恶性肿瘤的地球化学环境影响因素研究.恶性肿瘤标化死亡率受地球化学综合因素影响,应用微量元素对各类恶性肿瘤标化死亡率的相关阵和逐步回归方程定量地研究各类恶性肿瘤与地质环境中微量元素的关系.胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、肠癌、食管癌、白血病与铁族元素及Ba、Zr、Mo的背景密切相关,宫颈癌、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌与Cu、Pb、zn元素的背景相关,稀土元素对恶性肿瘤有压抑作用.浙江省恶性肿瘤的流行受区域地质构造控制和地球化学环境制约,具明显的地域性分布特征. 相似文献
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The problem of defining geochemical baselines. A case study of selected elements and geological materials in Finland 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Although the term ‘geochemical baseline’ appears in the international geochemical mapping programmes IGCP 259 and 360, it has never been well defined. Several considerations relevant to such a definition are discussed. A geochemical baseline for an element refers to its natural variations in concentration in the surficial environment. Geochemical baselines were studied in Finland by comparing results from regional geochemical mapping programmes based on samples of till, clay and organic stream sediment. The geochemical background changes regionally with the basic geology and locally with the type and genesis of the overburden. Baseline concentrations depend on sample material collected, grain size and extraction method. In Finland, concentrations of potentially harmful elements tend to be higher in fine-grained marine and lacustrine sediments than in glacial till. Concentrations are also systematically higher in the < 0.06 mm fraction than in the < 2 mm size fraction of till samples. Only small proportions of the total heavy metal concentrations in Finnish marine clays are bioavailable. Geochemical baselines are needed for environmental legislation and political decision-making, especially in the assessment of contaminated soil. In many areas of Finland, natural concentrations of several heavy metals exceed the guide or limit values designated for contaminated soils. Thus baselines must always be verified in any assessment of sites for contamination. 相似文献
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武汉主要湖泊重金属污染的特点研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对武汉主要类型湖泊环境的金属污染现状,进行了地球化学调查。探讨了重金属污染元素在湖泊环境体系各要素(水体、底泥、生物)间的地球化学行为——重金属污染元素在湖泊水体、底泥中的分布特点,指出重金属污染元素在湖泊底泥中,主要以铁锰氧化物相和有机相形式存在。水生植物藕带对重金属元素的吸收富集具有选择性。 相似文献
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内蒙古自治区包头市土壤地球化学特征与环境评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[摘 要] 包头市是内蒙古自治区境内最大的工业城市,随着工业生产的迅速发展,生态环境问题
日益突出,本文利用近年来在本区开展的多目标区域生态地球化学调查成果,依托多目标生态地球化学
调查提供的土壤元素指标的含量值、背景值及区域空间分布图等丰富的地球化学资料,重点对包头市生
态环境进行调查,对包头市土壤元素地球化学特征进行统计分析研究,通过研究土壤中镉、汞等重金属
元素的空间分布特征、物质来源, 运用内梅罗指数法对包头市土壤环境质量及环境污染状况进行了评
价。结果表明,除以冶炼为主的局部地段受到明显的人为污染外,其余地区环境质量总体良好。评价结
果对包头市今后的环境规划和环境治理提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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Speciation and weathering of selenium in upper cretaceous chalk and shale from South Dakota and Wyoming, USA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In geologic materials, petroleum, and the environment, selenium occurs in various oxidation states (VI, IV, 0, -II), mineralized forms, and organo-Se complexes. Each of these forms is characterized by specific chemical and biochemical properties that control the element’s solubility, toxicity, and environmental behavior. The organic rich chalks and shales of the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Formation and the Pierre Shale in South Dakota and Wyoming are bentoniferous stratigraphic intervals characterized by anomalously high concentrations of naturally occurring Se. Numerous environmental problems have been associated with Se derived from these geological units, including the development of seleniferous soils and vegetation that are toxic to livestock and the contamination of drinking water supplies by Se mobilized in groundwater.This study describes a sequential extraction protocol followed by speciation treatments and quantitative analysis by Hydride Generation-Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. This protocol was utilized to investigate the geochemical forms and the oxidation states in which Se occurs in these geologic units. Organic Se and di-selenide minerals are the predominant forms of Se present in the chalks, shales, and bentonites, but distinctive variations in these forms were observed between different sample types. Chalks contain significantly greater proportions of Se in the form of di-selenide minerals (including Se associated with pyrite) than the shales where base-soluble, humic, organo-Se complexes are more prevalent. A comparison between unweathered samples collected from lithologic drill cores and weathered samples collected from outcrop suggest that the humic, organic-Se compounds in shale are formed during oxidative weathering and that Se oxidized by weathering is more likely to be retained by shale than by chalk. Selenium enrichment in bentonites is inferred to result from secondary processes including the adsorption of Se mobilized by groundwater from surrounding organic rich sediments to clay mineral and iron hydroxide surfaces, as well as microbial reduction of Se within the bentonitic intervals. Distinct differences are inferred for the biogeochemical pathways that affected sedimentary Se sequestration during periods of chalk accumulation compared to shale deposition in the Cretaceous seaway. Mineralogy of sediment and the nature of the organic matter associated with each of these rock types have important implications for the environmental chemistry and release of Se to the environment during weathering. 相似文献
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南京周边地区开展多目标地球化学调查获取了“双层土壤”各元素的含量,表层土壤的元素含量与其深层土壤元素含量之比值即称之为土壤中该元素的人为话动环境富集系数(简称环境富集系数),笔者介绍了有关环境富集系数的计算方法。通过对比研究区各元素环境富集系数分布特征,发现本区表层土壤中Si、Ti、La、Ce、Y、Sc、Zr、Th、U、W等元素与其自然土壤环境的含量相近,S、N、P、Hg、Pb、Cl、Br、Se等元素及有机碳呈现了显著的人为环境富集,I、Fe、Mg、Mn、Ca、Al、K等元素出现了地表贫化。最后探讨了深入开展土壤中元素环境富集系数研究的相关问题,并提出了建议。 相似文献
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T. I. Moiseenko 《Geochemistry International》2017,55(10):841-860
Human activities pathogenically modify biogeochemical cycles via introducing vast amounts of chemical elements and compounds into biotic cycles and inducing evolutionary transformations of the organic world of the biosphere. The adverse phenomena develop cascadewise, as is illustrated by the increase in the content of carbon dioxide and acid-forming compounds, enrichment of aquatic environments by metals, and pollution with persistent organic pollutants and biogenic elements. Analogies with the past are utilized to estimate the possible implications of the evolution of anthropogenically induced processes. The organic world is proved to react to anthropogenic impacts by means of active microevolutionary processes. The key reaction mechanisms of organisms and transformations of populations and ecosystems under the modified conditions are demonstrated. A review of literature data is used to show how anthropogenic emissions of CO2, NOx, P, toxic compounds and elements increases on a global scale, and how ocean acidification, eutrophication, water withdrawal, etc. are simultaneously enhanced. The methodology of estimating anthropogenic loads is discussed as a scientifically grounded strategy of minimizing anthropogenic impacts on natural ecosystems. 相似文献
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M. V. Ivanov 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2014,8(4):288-299
The analysis of the concentrations and distribution of mercury in bottom sediments of marginal seas in northeastern Asia revealed that its maximum contents are characteristic of areas with an active geodynamic regime and some areas of the Amur Bay in the Sea of Japan subjected to anthropogenic impact. The geochemical associations of mercury with other chemical elements and its background concentrations in bottom sediments of these sea basins are defined. 相似文献
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The authors’ work on mine systems, combines field and laboratory integrated microbial geochemical investigation with high-resolution techniques enabling characterization and visualization at the bacterium scale (i.e. STXM). The results indicate a repeated motif of socially organized microbial cooperation occurring within microbial consortial macrostructures (pods). The pod structure directly enables the specific geochemical processes linked to the metabolic function of the consortial members. These microbially linked geochemical processes have important ramifications for bulk system geochemistry that were previously unknown. Results from two examples: (1) microbial metal interactions within AMD biofilms and (2) sulfur redox cycling by a novel consortia within mine waters, illustrate how the ecology of the pod consortia is linked to pod biogeochemical macrostructure as well as to the resulting geochemistry associated with pod metabolism. In both instances the pod structures enabled the associated consortia to carry out reactions not predicted by classic geochemical understanding of these systems. Investigation of AMD biofilm biogeochemical architecture capturing the micro-scale linkages amongst geochemical gradients, metal dynamics and depth resolved micro-organism community structure, illustrated a novel biomineralization process driven by biofilm associated pods controlling biofilm metal capture. Similarly, the groups’ recent discovery of an environmental S redox cycling, pod-forming, consortium revealed ecologically driven S cycling with previously unknown implications for both AMD mitigation and AMD carbon flux modeling. These results highlight how microbes cooperatively orchestrate their geochemical environment, underscoring the need to consider syntrophic community activity in environmental processes and the requirement for integrated, high-resolution techniques spanning geochemistry, molecular microbiology and imaging to reveal the biogeochemistry involved. 相似文献
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Piero Bellanova Mike Frenken Bruce Richmond Jan Schwarzbauer Seanpaul La Selle Frances Griswold Bruce Jaffe Alan Nelson Klaus Reicherter 《Sedimentology》2020,67(3):1230-1248
Far-field tsunami deposits observed in the Kahana Valley, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i (USA), were investigated for their organic-geochemical content. During short high-energy events, (tsunamis and storms) organic and chemical components are transported with sediment from marine to terrestrial areas. This study investigates the use of anthropogenic based organic geochemical compounds (such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides and organochlorides) as a means to identify tsunami deposits. Samples were processed by solid–liquid extraction and analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 21 anthropogenic marker compounds were identified, of which 11 compounds were selected for detailed analysis. Although the tsunami deposits pre-date industrial activity in Hawai‘i by several hundred years, distinct changes were found in the concentrations of anthropogenic marker compounds between sandy tsunami deposits and the surrounding mud/peat layers, which may help in identifying tsunami deposits within cores. As expected, low overall concentrations of anthropogenic markers and pollutants were observed due to the lack of industrial input-sources and little anthropogenic environmental impact at the study site. This geochemical characterization of tsunami deposits shows that anthropogenic markers have significant potential as another high-resolution, multi-proxy method for identifying tsunamis in the sedimentary record. 相似文献
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Sedimentary mineral deposits cannot be formed by any kind of simple chemical reactions,but are products of a complex multi-episodic process depending on multiple factors,The whole process is governed by a combination of sedimentary,geochemical,biogeochemical,organic geochemical,paleoclimatical,mechanical agents as well as by the properties of relevant earth crust segment and its structural making up and tectonic mobility A Sedimentary ore deposit is nothing but a special kind of sedimentary facies,characterized by definite sedimentary assemblages,Different genetic types of ore deposit and different ore associations characterize different sedimentary assemblages in different ore-forming belts.Crustal movement,including orogenic,epeirogenic and,oparticularly eustatic events,controls the formation and distribution of all kinds of sedimentary mineral deposits,most of which occur within the transgression front in the lower part of marine transpressive series.Mineral deposits of economic importance cannot be precipitated directly from sea water,but are products of terrestrial imbibition,biological enrichment and pore water concentration instead,Deposits formed above the wave base in the inner continental shelf under strong dynamic condition of sea water are often large and predominantly clastic in texture with commercial grade.Below the wave base in the outer continental shelf environment,where it is more or less dynamically stagnant and oxygen-deficient,the resulted in dustrial ore deposits are mostly of diagenetic or strata-bound type,formed through deep-burying diagenesis.The theory of multi-factor and multi-episodic metallogenesis includes three major aspects:the ore-forming process,the sedimentary environment and the geological background.The study of the forma tion process itself and the sources of ore-forming elements would provide useful clues to further prospectiong Whereas,invstigations of the sedimentary environments should shed light on the spacial distribution of deposits and the analysis of geological background would contribute a lot to our knowledge of the temporal evolution of sedimentary metallogenesis. 相似文献