共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
岩爆、冲击地压的定义、机制、分类及其定量预测模型 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
引述了若干国际权威学者关于岩爆的机制和定义的论述,在此基础上,依据岩爆发生的不同机制,将岩爆分为断层滑移或者剪切断裂所导致的断裂滑移型和岩石破坏导致的应变型岩爆,并结合事故案例,分析了应变型和滑移型两类岩爆及冲击地压的发生机制和特点。在机制分析的基础上,介绍了岩（煤）柱应变型岩爆和围岩应变型岩爆以及断裂滑移型岩爆定量预测的研究成果,其中,包括作者利用非欧几何模型研究非协调变形影响后对应变型岩爆进行了定量预测和数值模拟的新研究成果。 相似文献
2.
Jun Wang Jianguo Ning Jinquan Jiang Tengteng Bu Xinshuai Shi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(2):731-746
In this study, the occurrence conditions of rockbursts induced by broken hard and thick rock strata (HTRS) in fully mechanized longwall face are investigated by dividing the surrounding rock of a roadway rib into three zones: burst-resistance zone (BRZ), burst-inoculation zone, and stable zone. On this basis, the process of impact vibration energy (released by the broken HTRS) transformation in these zones was analyzed, and theoretical equations are presented to calculate the strain energy, dissipated energy and shock vibration energy. In addition, an energy criterion associated with the critical broken length of the HTRS, the width of burst-resistance zone, and the burst proneness index was proposed to predict rockbursts induced by broken HTRS in fully mechanized longwall face. Moreover, to control these types of rockbursts effectively, a quantitative method was proposed for determining the limit broken length of the HTRS and the BRZ. The research results show that the energy criterion may forecast these typical rockbursts, and rockburst hazards can be eliminated using the proposed method. 相似文献
3.
深埋隧洞不同开挖方式下即时型岩爆微震信息特征及能量分形研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于锦屏二级水电站深埋隧洞钻爆法及隧道掘进机（TBM）开挖过程中大量微震监测数据及不同等级的岩爆案例,对不同开挖方式下即时型岩爆的孕育及发生过程的能量释放展开研究,并运用分形几何原理研究微震能量分布的变化规律,得到以下结论：（1）即时型岩爆的孕育及发生过程中,岩爆区围岩岩体处于破坏加速集聚并不断扩展的过程;（2）钻爆法开挖过程中储存在岩体内的弹性应变能消耗于岩体破裂过程大于TBM开挖,而转化为岩体动能小于TBM开挖;（3）钻爆法开挖微震能量分形维度在即时型岩爆的孕育过程不断增加,岩爆临近前会增加到某个临界值以上;（4）TBM开挖即时型高等级岩爆能量分形维度值大于钻爆法开挖,并且其分形维度值可以反映低等级岩爆伴随发生的特征。 相似文献
4.
深埋隧洞微震活动区与岩爆的相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于锦屏二级水电站深埋引水隧洞和排水洞大量微震监测数据及上百个不同等级岩爆实例,研究了深埋隧洞微震活动区与岩爆之间的关系。研究结果表明：（1）微震活动分布范围主要介于掌子面后方3倍洞径至前方1.5倍洞径之间,而岩爆高发区位于掌子面后方3倍洞径以内,表明岩爆高发区与微震事件主要分布范围相吻合;（2）隧洞工程岩爆潜在风险重点关注区域是掌子面后方3倍洞径已开挖范围,以及掌子面前方1.5倍洞径施工范围;（3）微震事件及岩爆分布呈区域性集结特点,其中一部分岩爆发生于微震事件集结区内部,另一部分岩爆发生于微震事件集结区边缘,这是岩体破坏过程中所固有的现象,与微震事件集结区边缘局部应力集中密切相关。 相似文献
5.
6.
Chuanqing Zhang Xia-Ting Feng Hui Zhou Shili Qiu Yanshuang Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(1):441-450
Rockbursts occurring on tunnel floors are a special form of failure encountered in tunnel projects, where the failure is characterized by uplift, fracturing, and severe shocks of the tunnel floor. Extremely intense rockbursts were encountered during the excavation of the headrace tunnels 2 and 4 at the Jinping II Hydropower Station. In this study, results of comprehensive analysis conducted using the combination of numerical methods, experiments, and onsite survey to analyze the occurrence and development process of the rockburst are presented. In addition, the degree and extension range of the surrounding rock mass damage were estimated using the failure approaching index and the local energy release rate. The results of the analysis presented in this study are expected to advance the existing knowledge of special rockburst forms and may also serve as a reference for the design of resistant measures for other similar rockbursts. 相似文献
7.
Chuanqing Zhang Xia-Ting Feng Hui Zhou Shili Qiu Wenping Wu 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2012,45(3):275-288
In the process of excavating seven parallel tunnels at the Jinping II Hydropower Station, several extremely intense rockbursts
occurred, killing and injuring construction workers and damaging several sets of equipment. Based on the characteristics and
mechanisms of these rockbursts, four typical events were selected and their temporal and spatial characteristics were here
described in detail. The geological conditions revealed after the rockbursts were surveyed carefully. The responses of support
elements were also analyzed. The details documented in each case provide not only an important reference for understanding
the development mechanisms of rockbursts but also a basis for the selection and development of rockburst prevention measures
in deep hard rock tunnels. 相似文献
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9.
基于熵权-正态云模型的岩爆烈度分级预测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩爆是深埋地下工程主要的工程地质灾害之一,其烈度分级预测是必须解决的岩石工程重大问题。针对岩爆烈度分级的不确定性,选取岩石单轴抗压强度与抗拉强度比σ_c/σ_t、切向应力与岩石单轴抗压强度比σ_θ/σ_c、弹性变形能指数Wet和岩石完整性系数K_v等定量化指标建立评价指标体系,应用熵权法确定各评价指标权重,结合云理论建立了岩爆烈度分级预测的熵权-正态云模型。以国内外12组典型岩爆工程实例对所建模型进行检验,并与逼近理想解法、高斯径向基函数法的判别结果及实际情况进行对比。为进一步考察该模型的有效性和实用性,利用该模型对终南山公路隧道工程竖井的岩爆实例进行分析。研究结果显示,基于熵权-正态云模型的岩爆判别预测结果与实际岩爆情况较吻合,表明熵权-正态云模型在研究岩爆烈度分级预测中具有良好的实用性和可靠性,可为深部地下工程岩爆烈度分级预测提供一种新思路。 相似文献
10.
Bangyou Jiang Lianguo Wang Yinlong Lu Chunqiu Wang Dan Ma 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(20):743
Rockbursts annually cause hundreds of casualties and huge economic losses in China. The possibility of rockbursts occurring in a deep island, fully mechanized caving coal face is much higher than in a normal face. To predict and prevent rockbursts in this type of coal face, a comprehensive approach based on multi-instrument monitoring, including microseismic (MS) monitoring, electromagnetic emission (EME) monitoring, and the drilling cutting method (DCM), has been proposed. The case of working face 1304 in the Yangcheng coal mine in Shandong Province, China, was analyzed to test the combined early warning method. In situ investigations showed many early warning precursors before a rockburst, such as a period of silence in MS activity, persistent rising of EME intensity values and pulse numbers, and a large jolt of EME. Based on the quantitative early warning indexes, the combined early warning method for rockbursts in coal face 1304 was established, which mainly includes three rockburst risk judgment conditions and one rockburst risk identification condition. This method has been applied to rockburst forecasting in the Yangcheng coal mine. The application showed that this comprehensive approach could accurately identify potential rockburst risks and trigger early warnings. The case study demonstrated that the likelihood of a rockburst occurring can be forecasted by the combined early warning method based on multi-instrument monitoring. 相似文献
11.
利用自主研发的真三轴岩爆试验机,在室内再现了应变型岩爆过程,并对岩爆过程中的声音信号进行监测。采用梅尔倒谱系数、谱质心、短时平均过零率等可定量化描述声音特性的组合指标作为岩爆过程典型破坏现象声音信号的特征提取信息,在此基础上结合适用于处理小样本、非线性分类问题的高斯过程机器学习方法,建立岩爆过程典型破坏现象识别的高斯过程模型,由此实现室内岩爆过程典型破坏现象的智能识别。进而,针对岩爆传统预测方法侧重于趋势预测而不能判别岩爆过程发展阶段的不足,采用智能识别+趋势预测的动态识别策略,以岩爆发生前夕的平静期、谐波均值、色谱向量均值等声音特征指标的变化规律作为岩爆前兆信息,提出一种多层次递进式的岩爆动态预测方法。室内岩爆的预测结果表明,该方法是可行的,为未来建立基于声音的现场岩爆预测方法奠定试验基础。 相似文献
12.
为了更清晰直观地了解高应力下硬岩破坏（岩爆、片帮、应力型塌方等）孕育过程中岩石破裂演化过程,根据岩石破裂面的特点,依据微震监测数据的矩张量结果,推导并得到了岩体破裂面空间方位计算方法,在此基础上给出了根据运动夹角? 来判断岩石破裂类型的确定方法。借助此方法,在实例研究中进一步证明了深埋隧洞矩张量分解判断破裂类型分析方法的可靠性。依托锦屏二级水电站深埋引水隧洞这一典型工程,依据破裂面的方位角、倾角特征和岩爆宏观破坏情况,初步探究了即时性应变-结构面滑移型岩爆的孕育过程：在岩爆孕育初期,以张拉破裂为主,由于硬性结构面的存在,在开挖扰动应力调整初期,破裂面由岩体浅层往岩体较深层硬性结构面扩展,张拉破裂面尖端接近硬性结构面时,硬性结构面上发生剪切滑移,若较深层岩体内部还有其他硬性结构面存在,则在该硬性结构面尖端,除随着岩体浅层切向应力的持续增大,往开挖面扩展外,继续以张拉破裂面型式往深层扩展,至较深层硬性结构面上剪切破裂产生,最终以剪切滑移面为破坏面边界往开挖面发展,并最终将岩体抛掷而出。 相似文献
13.
通过含孔花岗岩的双向加载试验模拟巷道岩爆过程,以红外热像仪为观测手段,利用红外热像和最低红外辐射温度作为监测指标,研究岩爆过程中的红外辐射温度时空演化特征。结果表明：岩爆过程红外辐射时空演化特征与岩爆孕育、发生过程具有良好的同步性。岩爆发生前红外热像上出现低温嵌套于高温条带间的温度场,其在空间上的延伸扩展则是岩爆孕育和发展过程在温度场中的反映,其出现的位置对应着岩爆发生的区域。最低红外辐射温度呈现出上升-短暂下降-上升-下降4个阶段性特征,岩爆发生前最低红外辐射温度出现3个突变转折点。试验结果对于巷道岩爆灾害的时空预测具有一定的理论意义。 相似文献
14.
对岩爆问题中块体的高速弹出机制进行探讨。从柔性加载和刚性加载角度定性地估算了飞出块体的速度;从受横向约束薄板的失稳角度对此进行机制解释,并对板的边界约束情况进行讨论;对失稳后块体能量进行分析,结果表明,此时块体速度可达10 m/s,而且岩体的抗拉强度同样影响块体速度大小 相似文献
15.
为指导施工,提高施工的安全性和经济性,对西周岭隧道进行了钻孔水压致裂法地应力测量.测试结果表明:西周岭隧道深埋段地应力场以水平应力为主,在测试深度内最大水平主应力值为10.57～19.39MPa,具中等偏高应力水平;最大水平主应力方向为近N33°W,与隧道走向的夹角较小,即地应力对隧道围岩稳定性较为有利.基于地应力实测... 相似文献
16.
随开采深度不断增加, 煤矿冲击矿压灾害形势严峻, 冲击矿压机理、监测预警技术及防控技术的研究对于煤矿安全生产至关重要。论文系统总结了团队多年来研究成果及进展, 提出了动静载叠加诱冲机理, 基于动静载力源和能量主体划分了冲击矿压类型。提出了冲击危险"应力-震动-能量"三场耦合监测原理, 建立了冲击危险应力场-震动场-能量场三场多参量综合监测预警技术体系, 并构建了多参量带权重的时空预警模型, 基于大数据和云平台技术, 开发了冲击矿压风险智能判识与多参量监测预警云平台, 实现冲击危险监测数据与防治措施信息的融合, 提高了冲击危险监测预警效能, 提出了冲击危险强度弱化减冲原理和巷道围岩强弱强结构原理, 并给出了基于动静载的冲击矿压分类监测预警和防治方案。研究成果有力推动了冲击矿压研究进展, 可为深部冲击矿压防治提供重要指导。 相似文献
17.
A Top Pilot Tunnel Preconditioning Method for the Prevention of Extremely Intense Rockbursts in Deep Tunnels Excavated by TBMs 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Chuanqing Zhang Xiating Feng Hui Zhou Shili Qiu Wenping Wu 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2012,45(3):289-309
The headrace tunnels at the Jinping II Hydropower Station cross the Jinping Mountain with a maximum overburden depth of 2,525 m,
where 80% of the strata along the tunnels consist of marble. A number of extremely intense rockbursts occurred during the
excavation of the auxiliary tunnels and the drainage tunnel. In particular, a tunnel boring machine (TBM) was destroyed by
an extremely intense rockburst in a 7.2-m-diameter drainage tunnel. Two of the four subsequent 12.4-m-diameter headrace tunnels
will be excavated with larger size TBMs, where a high risk of extremely intense rockbursts exists. Herein, a top pilot tunnel
preconditioning method is proposed to minimize this risk, in which a drilling and blasting method is first recommended for
the top pilot tunnel excavation and support, and then the TBM excavation of the main tunnel is conducted. In order to evaluate
the mechanical effectiveness of this method, numerical simulation analyses using the failure approaching index, energy release
rate, and excess shear stress indices are carried out. Its construction feasibility is discussed as well. Moreover, a microseismic
monitoring technique is used in the experimental tunnel section for the real-time monitoring of the microseismic activities
of the rock mass in TBM excavation and for assessing the effect of the top pilot tunnel excavation in reducing the risk of
rockbursts. This method is applied to two tunnel sections prone to extremely intense rockbursts and leads to a reduction in
the risk of rockbursts in TBM excavation. 相似文献
18.
为了治理巷道诱发型冲击地压发生的灾害,从力学机制方面阐述了巷道诱发型冲击地压发生的静-动应力主导关系,揭示了巷道诱发型冲击地压发生的机制;将煤层巷道的围岩二次静应力和震源产生的动应力叠加,得到了巷道围岩二次应力与不同应力波叠加后的最大主应力和最小主应力表达式。从高应力差和巷道围岩冲击倾向性两方面考虑,提出了巷道诱发型冲击地压发生的判断方法;直接判断出巷道在特定深度、震源在某个位置、产生一定的应力波时,巷道发生冲击地压及冲击范围,并解释了巷道群附近产生大范围冲击的机制,成功分析了山东某煤矿掘进工作面发生冲击的原因。研究结果为分析诱发型冲击地压的危险性提供了理论基础,为治理诱发型冲击地压提供了技术途径。 相似文献
19.
板状破坏的岩体岩爆判别的一种方法 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6
本文探讨锦屏长探洞的各种岩爆现象。在研究构造应力场和重力场及其联合作用对岩爆影响的基础上,指出了对于特深埋洞室,上覆岩层厚度将成为产生岩爆的主要原因。针对现场岩爆的实际破坏形式,提出了边壁破坏的板粱-脆性弹簧模式。研究了破坏面平行于洞室边壁情形下的岩爆机理和判别方法,较好地解释了岩爆发生过程,判别岩爆的临界应力与实际的比较吻合。此外本文还给出一些卸围压试验的结果。 相似文献
20.
秦岭公路隧道2号竖井主要位于混合片麻岩地层中,高地应力和岩爆是该竖井的主要工程技术难题。根据竖井的工程地质资料和邻近工程水压致裂法地应力测试结果,采用三维有限元法对竖井工程区域内的初始应力场进行反演回归分析研究:竖井地应力存在较大的水平地质构造应力,地应力分区分布,水平地应力最高达到28.7MPa,垂直地应力基本受岩体自重控制。在地应力场分析的基础上,利用陶振宇岩爆判据对竖井进行岩爆预测,竖井岩爆为轻微或中等类型;并采用脆性岩体的常偏应力准则,模拟分析竖井岩爆破坏区的深度,岩爆区最大深度为0.6m。通过与竖井开挖后岩爆状况进行比较,结果表明反演得到的竖井地应力和岩爆分析是合理的。 相似文献