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1.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2017,(4)
在油砂热碱水分离外部影响因素研究的基础上,通过一系列的人工配比油砂沥青老化模拟实验,探讨油砂润湿性和沥青老化时间(沥青与矿物颗粒之间相互作用的时间)对油砂热碱水分离效率的影响。通过分析模拟油砂样品的热碱水分离实验数据,明确了沥青老化室内模拟实验的合理老化时间在20天左右,而且油砂润湿性严重影响油砂热碱水分离效率。实验结果为今后研究岩性因素以及沥青性质对沥青回收率的影响优选了实验条件。 相似文献
2.
油砂是一种重要的非常规石油资源,目前较为常用的沥青回收方式是热碱水分离法。本文运用热碱水分离法处理了四川厚坝与内蒙古图牧吉两地的油砂样品,并对上述两地的油砂样品进行了镜下薄片观察、XRD分析以及比表面积和总孔容测定,对比分析了两者的岩性特征和油砂热碱水分离实验的数据,结果表明,油砂中黏土矿物的含量、油砂岩的胶结程度及胶结方式、油砂的砂颗粒粒径、油砂层遭受风化作用的程度等因素都会影响油砂沥青热碱水分离的效率,在设计油砂开采工艺流程时,应该综合考虑这些因素。 相似文献
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4.
榴辉岩是大洋和大陆俯冲带的重要岩石类型,在研究俯冲带的形成过程、热结构、壳幔相互作用等方面有重要意义。通过对天然和实验样品中石榴子石、绿辉石等矿物的变形特征、变形机制、变形影响因素等的综合分析,系统总结了高压变质带中榴辉岩矿物显微和超微变形研究的进展,探讨了榴辉岩的变形特征对恢复俯冲与折返过程的意义及一些尚待解决的问题。 相似文献
5.
俯冲带榴辉岩的变形作用及其对俯冲-折返过程的意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
榴辉岩是大洋和大陆俯冲带的重要岩石类型,在研究俯冲带的形成过程、热结构、壳幔相互作用等方面有重要意义。通过对天然和实验样品中石榴子石、绿辉石等矿物的变形特征、变形机制、变形的影响因素等的综合分析,系统总结了高压变质带中榴辉岩矿物显微和超微变形研究的进展,探讨了榴辉岩的变形特征在恢复俯冲与折返过程研究中的意义及一些尚待解决的一些问题。 相似文献
6.
依据油砂中烃类的微渗漏和油砂组分光谱特征响应原理,利用Hyperion高光谱影像提取和识别与油砂分布相关的波谱信息,进行非常规油气能源--油砂分布的有利区预测。根据油砂所致烃类微渗漏的地表特征可知,低植被覆盖区的异常以矿物异常为主,中、高植被覆盖区的异常以植被异常为主。利用归一化植被指数表征地表植被的不同覆盖程度：当其值为[0.0,0.4）时,采用SAM（spectral angle method）提取矿物异常信息;当值为[0.4,0.7]和（0.7,1.0]时,分别采用LIC（lichenthaler index）和CTR（carter indices）方法提取植被异常信息。同时,为确保提取的矿物和植被异常信息的产生是由油砂中烃类的微渗漏所导致,以野外油砂反射光谱为端元,运用光谱角分类方法提取油砂信息,并将其与获取的矿物和植被异常信息进一步应用空间叠置分析确定油砂分布有利区。结果表明,综合运用野外实测高光谱数据和高光谱影像数据能够较准确地预测出研究区中油砂的分布位置。因此,应用高光谱影像进行油砂分布的有利区预测,可为未来利用遥感技术深入研究油砂可采储量评价提供参考依据。 相似文献
7.
在开展对铀矿床物质成分及矿床成因的研究工作中,需提取一定数量的纯沥青轴矿,供单矿物化学全分析、X 光衍射分析同位素年龄测定、差热分析、热重分析等使用,但分离单矿物费工费时,尤其对小于0.10毫米粒级,常因不易提纯而被丟弃。我们在工作中采用 WCF-2型多用磁性分析仪(北京地质仪器厂制)分离、提纯沥青铀矿取得较好的效果。沥青铀矿单矿物纯度达99%以上,每小时平均可提取纯单矿物0.5—1.0 相似文献
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加拿大阿尔伯达盆地油砂开发状况和评价实践 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
加拿大阿尔伯达盆地油砂资源丰富,Athabasca矿区是盆地中最大的油砂矿区,含油层段为白垩系Mannville组,矿区的目的层为潮汐环境下典型的曲流水道沉积。由于油藏曾发生生物降解作用,油矿地层沥青油黏度可达1×104～100×104 mPa.s。油砂开发主要采用露天开采和钻井开采方法,属钻井开采法的SAGD技术的机理是通过向油藏注入高温蒸汽,使固体沥青油变为可流动的原油,流入采油井筒中而被采出。连续油层厚度、隔夹层和气水层的分布以及水平井段的有效长度影响蒸汽腔的扩展和注汽效率。除考虑孔隙度、泥质含量、含油饱和度和电阻率外,SAGD开采方式下油砂的有效厚度识别标准还考虑连续油砂层、隔夹层和气水层的分布。油砂储量级别的确定,取决于储量的地质落实程度、资料获取情况和开发方案。 相似文献
9.
对鄂尔多斯盆地石油氯仿沥青的稀土元素地球化学特征研究表明,石油氯仿沥青的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线具有三种明显不同的稀土模式,分别与幔源型花岗岩、后太古代页岩和上地壳沉积岩特征相似,反映了石油沥青与这些岩石具有某种成因联系。其中,位于基底断裂带和构造热活动相对强烈的区域的石油沥青,其稀土模式与幔源型花岗岩、后太古代页岩特征相似,显示这些沥青在运移过程中可能与深部岩石有过相互作用,抑或有深部流体物质的直接加入;在基底断裂不发育且构造稳定的区域原油沥青,其稀土模式具有与上地壳沉积岩相似的特征。由此反映了不同构造位置的原油沥青其物质成分的来源不同,尤其是沥青在运移过程中不断萃取不同深度的物质或有深部流体物质的直接加入,导致石油沥青的稀土元素地球化学特征的复杂性和多样性。 相似文献
10.
陆地生态系统与气候相互作用的研究进展 总被引：43，自引：4，他引：43
陆地生态系统与气候系统通过地面与大气之间能量平衡、水汽交换和生物地球化学循环相互作用,影响大气中温室气体浓度和气溶胶,继而影响气候变化。较系统分析总结了当代国际上陆地生态系统与气候相互作用的最新研究进展。首先介绍了陆地生态系统与气候相互作用的机制与过程,总结了陆地生态系统与气候相互作用研究的三个发展阶段,以及当代相互作用的过程模拟研究中三类主要的全球生态系统模型,即生物物理模型、生物地理模型和生物地球化学模型。并介绍了气候对生态系统变化的响应,即两种主要的反馈机制。最后,对未来的研究方向和重点作了分析。 相似文献
11.
鄂尔多斯盆地中西部长9储层差异化成岩与烃类充注过程研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
储层非均质性极大地影响储层内流体的流动和分布,在油气运移成藏和提高采收率研究中广受关注。储层内发生的差异化成岩作用是层内非均质性的重要成因,与烃类充注事件的相互关系也是致密砂岩油气成藏机理研究的核心内容。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地中西部上三叠统延长组长9储层为例,研究储层内砂岩所表现出的差异化成岩作用及其影响下的流体活动过程。系统的显微观察发现,长9储层主要由机械压实致密型砂岩、钙质胶结致密型砂岩、含水砂岩和含油砂岩等四类岩石组成。利用显微岩相学、紫外荧光光谱、包裹体均一温度测试、盆地模拟等技术综合分析表明,机械压实致密型砂岩在早成岩期即在压实作用影响下强烈塑性变形致密化;钙质胶结致密型砂岩在早成岩期就发生强烈的碳酸盐胶结作用而致密化。这两类砂岩在成岩中后期基本不能为流体活动提供孔隙空间。含水砂岩和含油砂岩均经历了复杂的差异化成岩过程,含油砂岩内可以辨识出至少三期沥青,含水砂岩则未见沥青残留。以含油砂岩中沥青质所对应的烃类充注为标志,重建了长9储层的成岩序列,划分出三期流体流动过程,烃类充注与成岩作用交替进行。含水砂岩大致可划分出相似的成岩过程,但未发生烃类充注。 相似文献
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Secondary hydrocarbon generation potential from heavy oil, oil sand and solid bitumen during the artificial maturation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Secondary hydrocarbon generation potentials from natural bitumen, oil sand and heavy oil, representing different residual oil accumulations, were determined by artificial maturation in a closed pyrolysis system. Simulated results indicate that their thermal behavior and reactivity are similar to those of kerogen, and that they can generate hydrocarbons once subjected to suitable geological processes. Overall differences in oil and gas generation potentials among the samples result from differences in the chemical structure of precursor components, physical compaction status, and mineral matrices. Hydrogen rich precursors, such as oil sand and heavy oil, have greater potential to generate hydrocarbons than hydrogen poor ones. Naturally compacted oil sand has slightly higher conversion efficiency than artificially compacted heavy oil as indicated by lower residual bitumen content. However, total gas and liquid oil recovery from oil sand is lower than from heavy oil due to the poor release of pyrolytic products from well compacted and cemented networks in the experiments. Mineral matrices of previous oil deposits also affect further hydrocarbon generation potential. Carbonate matrices inhibit total oil and gas generation, which consequently retains high gas potential at the postmature stage. Traditional oil generation models mainly consider the thermal alteration of kerogen; this study provides supplemental information for superimposed basins where previous oil accumulations may have been destroyed and reburied to serve as secondary sources of oil and gas. Consideration of previous oil residues as potential source rock allows better estimates of available oil resources and the risks associated with their exploration. 相似文献
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中国侏罗系煤成油若干问题 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在阐述了煤成油的概念，总结和评述了煤生油显微组分，生油门限，生油范围和生油高峰等问题后，本文通过吐哈等盆地侏罗系煤生油显微组分组成特征，可溶有机质演化，成熟度和有机质丰度，油源及原油成熟度对比；含煤岩系中煤层和泥岩的厚度及总量和煤及泥岩最高沥青和总烃转化率的对比； 其族组成和煤成原油的族组成特征的对比，提出了中国侏罗系煤成油盆地中泥岩比煤层对煤成油田形成有大的贡献看法。 相似文献
14.
The present paper investigates the mechanical behaviour of oil sand specimens in triaxial compression tests at both ambient and elevated temperatures. The emphasis is particularly on core sample disturbance and on the multiphase/strongly heterogeneous nature of the material that introduces difficulties in achieving an objective characterization of its shear behaviour. First, the effect of sample disturbance on the behaviour of the oil sand is studied. Tests are performed on both disturbed and recompressed specimens. Recompression to large stress prior to shearing improves evaluation of the initial stiffness and associated volumetric changes of the oil sand, strongly affected by sample disturbance. A method for the correction of test results obtained from disturbed specimens is also proposed. The corrected results are in good agreement with those pertaining to recompressed specimens. Furthermore, a general classification of the tested oil sands into lean and rich in bitumen, where the former shows much softer and weaker behaviour, is considered to help in addressing the variability in sample composition. As for thermal aspects, the experimental results indicate that both strength and stiffness exhibit a limited temperature dependency. The temperature does not affect lean oil sand specimens, whereas heating considerably increases deformability of rich specimens. 相似文献
15.
The Athabasca oil sand bitumen, and its major component fractions, have been heated with and without added montmorillonite to simulate natural geological diagenesis. The products of the treatment of the whole bitumen were found to be essentially the sum of the products of the treatment of the component parts. The saturated hydrocarbon fraction underwent little change, with only minor cracking apparent. Some cracking and polymerization of the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction was noted. Geochemical analysis of these products indicated that the simulation had caused a continuation of the normal petroleum maturation sequence towards coke and gas. Treatment of the polar fraction and asphaltenes caused a continuation of the maturation sequence towards a ‘crude oil’, further treatment of which continued towards coke and gas. Geochemical examination of this ‘crude oil’ yielded information on the past history of the bitumen from the time of asphaltene formation. The geochemical evidence indicates that the Athabasca bitumen may have originated in an unusual marine environment, and that the maturation and exodus from its source rock differed from that of conventional crude oils. The overall results indicate that, except for the maturation of the polar and asphaltene fractions, the bio-degradation of a crude oil is not reversible by diagenetic means. 相似文献
16.
Physical separation of bitumen from low-grade Utah tar sand deposits containing a relatively high viscosity bitumen phase (Sunnyside and Tar Sand Triangle deposits) has been accomplished by traditional size reduction and froth flotation techniques. At appropriate experimental conditions more than 90% of the bitumen can be recovered in a concentrate, containing more than 20 wt. % bitumen, which should be a suitable feed material for subsequent hot water or thermal processing. The efficiency of bitumen recovery depends on the extent of size reduction, as well as promoter and dispersant addition. Rejection of greater than 60% of the sand at ambient temperature and ease of water removal from the concentrate make such a process strategy both energy and cost effective. The energy required to achieve effective separation by the ambient temperature process is significantly less than the energy required for the recently developed hot water process which is being evaluated in a 100-tpd pilot plant this year.The flotation behaviour of the tar sand in this ambient temperature process has been correlated with contact angle measurements and the apparent point-of-zero-charge of the bitumen. The best flotation response at pH 7.8 to 9.0 occurs when the contact angle between the air bubble and bitumen surface is a maximum, corresponding to the apparent point-of-zero-charge of the bitumen as determined by titration. 相似文献
17.
对鄂尔多斯盆地石油、煤、含铀砂岩及其围岩的氯仿沥青进行了Sm-Nd同位素研究。结果表明,盆地流体(包括深部流体)活动具有多期性,且后期的流体活动对铀矿床的形成具有重要作用;赋存于同一套地层中的含铀砂岩沥青、煤沥青及石油沥青,虽然均具有富集地幔特征,但并非同期活动的产物;东胜矿区侏罗系直罗组煤沥青和盆地西南部陈家山矿区侏罗系延安组的煤沥青,源区时代上存在较大差异,伴生沥青并非全部由煤的热演化形成,可能还存在外来流体的加入,且东胜直罗组煤的伴生沥青较延安组煤的伴生沥青来源深度更大;盆地内马岭油田的直罗组石油沥青、陈家山延安组煤层石油沥青及其煤沥青在源区特征上具有内在联系。 相似文献
18.
Natural bitumen is the evolutionary residue of hydrocarbon of sedimentary organic matter. Several kinds of bitumen with different occurrences, including bitumen in source rock, migration bitumen filled in fault, oil-bed bitumen and paleo-reservoir bitumen, are distributed widely in the Dabashan foreland. These kinds of bitumen represent the process of oil/gas formation, migration and accumulation in the region. Bitumen in source rock filled in fractures and stylolite and experienced deformation simultaneously together with source rock themselves. It indicated that oil/gas generation and expelling from source rock occurred under normal buried thermal conditions during prototype basin evolution stages prior to orogeny. Occurrences of bitumen in source rock indicated that paleo-reservoir formation conditions existed in the Dabashan foreland. Migration bitumen being widespread in the fault revealed that the fault was the main channel for oil/gas migration, which occurred synchronously with Jurassic foreland deformation. Oil-bed bitumen was the kind of pyrolysis bitumen that distributed in solution pores of reservoir rock in the Dabashan foreland depression, the northeastern Sichuan Basin. Geochemistry of oil-bed bitumen indicated that natural gas that accumulated in the Dabashan foreland depression formed from liquid hydrocarbon by pyrolysis process. However, paleo-reservior bitumen in the Dabashan forleland was the kind of degradation bitumen that formed from liquid hydrocarbon within the paleo-reservior by oxidation, alteration and other secondary changes due to paleo-reservior damage during tectonics in the Dabashan foreland. In combination with the tectonic evolution of the Dabashan foreland, it is proposed that the oil/gas generated, migrated and accumulated to form the paleo-reservoir during the Triassic Indosinian tectonic movement. Jurassic collision orogeny, the Yanshan tectonic movement, led to intracontinental orogeny of the Dabashan area accompanied by geofluid expelling and paleo-reservoir damage in the Dabashan foreland. The present work proposed that there is liquid hydrocarbon exploration potential in the Dabashan foreland, while there are prospects for the existence of natural gas in the Dabashan foreland depression. 相似文献
19.
沥青包裹体的拉曼光谱特征 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
对石油中的沥青质组分进行了拉曼光谱分析,发现有两种不同的拉曼光谱特征的沥青质:一是具碳质拉曼特征峰的沥青质,二是无碳质拉曼特征峰的沥青质,将前者称为碳质沥青质.对储集砂岩中的深色沥青质包裹体拉曼分析并据其拉曼光谱图特征将这类包裹体分为三种类型:含碳质沥青包裹体、碳质沥青包裹体和沥青包裹体.如果烃包裹体形成后经历了地质构造应力而破裂和地热作用而发生轻组分移出,就形成了沥青包裹体;若再经地质高温变质作用而发生了碳化,就形成碳质沥青包裹体;若只经历地质高温变质作用而发生碳化,组分热解但未移出,可能会形成含碳质沥青包裹体. 相似文献
20.
The bicyclic terpanes reported to be present in numerous petroleums have been detected in the saturate fraction of the Athabasca oil sand bitumen. This series of compounds has been found to extend from C15 to at least C24 and their structures have been established by means of comparisons with synthetic C18 and C20 samples of known stereochemistry. 相似文献