共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 163 毫秒
1.
海岸沙丘对风暴响应研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《地球科学进展》2017,(7)
全球海岸沙丘主要分布地区频繁遭受风暴袭击,风暴成为海岸沙丘形成演变的一个高能影响因子,也是研究波浪—海滩—沙丘相互作用的重要内容之一。从海岸沙丘形态对风暴响应、海岸沙丘沉积物对风暴的响应、海岸沙丘对风暴响应机理及其研究方法与技术等方面综合评述了国内外海岸沙丘对风暴响应的研究进展,并针对目前研究中存在的问题提出了今后发展的主要研究方向。 相似文献
2.
应用地质雷达探测隧道内部裂隙水的分布状况时,受隧道钢筋网的影响以及噪声干扰,导致探测信号中弱有效信号难以识别。Curvelet变换可以对二维信号从频率、角度和空间位置实现有效反射波和干扰波的分离及降噪处理,应用Curvelet变换对含钢筋网干扰的裂隙水模型的探地雷达模拟数据进行波场分离和降噪处理,在压制直达波、去除钢筋层反射信号及多次反射的基础上,可以有效地提取出含裂隙水所引起的反射波信号。将该方法应用到汝郴高速某隧道实测探地雷达数据中,较好地去除了钢筋层反射信号的影响,准确地判断出了裂隙水的空间分布位置,证明了所提出方法的有效性。 相似文献
3.
闽南、粤东海岸带沉积物的沉积学、岩石学比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文通过对海岸带海滩砂、沙丘砂、砂丘岩、海滩岩和有关近岸海底砂的沉积学,岩石学的比较研究,分析其形成环境,发现沙丘岩沉积特征和历史沙丘相似;沙丘岩和海滩岩的识别有时不是主要从岩石学而可能从沉积学中去识别。兄弟屿比西海底硬地更可能是生物排出的钙质粘液胶结。 相似文献
4.
海岸带是动态地区,由于众多因素,包括海平面的上升、波浪与洋流的类型、飓风乃至人类的影响,海岸地区经常受到变动。2004年12月26日巨大海啸席卷了堪雅库玛里至奥瓦利之间的海岸。当海浪冲上海滩时波高达30英尺。许多人因为巨浪的冲击和退浪的强力推拉而淹死在海里,许多村庄被毁。死亡总数超过300人,而且财产损失严重。海啸的规模与洋底移动的面积、移动距离是有关系的。该区显示为海成阶地、沙丘、滩脊、河口、洪积平原、海滩、红树林、准平原、高地、海蚀崖等等。我们试图通过现场在线勘查、政府记录以及采用遥感技术所做的海岸地貌研究等资料,通过海滩剖面测量和海岸环境的变化,进行海岸线动力学研究。文中也对主要的破坏予以认定。 相似文献
5.
昌黎海岸风成沙丘的形态与沉积构造特征及其成因初探 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
本文论述了昌黎海岸风成沙丘的分布与形成特征、层理构造及其沙丘表面沙波发育情况．并对其成因进行了探讨．沙丘迎风坡表面普遍发育有风成沙纹，层理构造非常发育，有低角度交错层理、大型板状交错层理。海岸沙丘沉积物主要来自滦河．滦河入海泥沙在偏风浪的作用下向北搬运并堆积在海滩上．强劲的向岸风使海滩沙向陆搬运建造成海岸沙丘。目前．沙丘仍在活动之中。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
9.
利用探地雷达观测分析早春融雪前后沙丘表层土壤含水量的时空分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
积雪融水是古尔班通古特沙漠春季植物发育的重要水源, 快速获取早春沙丘的土壤水分变化具有十分重要的生态学意义. 2010年3、 4月分别使用探地雷达进行了多次测量实验, 结果显示: 1)融雪初期, 沙丘顶部土壤的自由水含量最大, 阳坡次之, 且融雪水在重力作用下沿坡面侧向缓慢流动, 在坡底汇集, 主导了融雪初期乃至整个春季沙丘表层土壤水分的分布格局; 2)融雪后期, 由于阴坡积雪和冻土消融相对滞后, 表层土壤含水量略高于阳坡, 而沙丘顶部由于融雪最早且融雪期间水分转移最多而表面最为干燥; 3)通过与时域反射仪的同步测量结果对比, 探地雷达的测量精度被有效控制在0.03范围内, 且探地雷达提供的连续数据更有利于从细节上把握土壤含水量的变化趋势, 为中小尺度土壤水分的动态研究提供了一种科学、 有效的技术手段. 相似文献
10.
探地雷达测量土壤水含量的进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
包括探地雷达(Ground Penetrating Radar)在内的许多电磁方法正越来越多的应用于近地表水文地质领域。探地雷达技术基于介质的电磁特性,通过介质介电常数和速度的变化来反映土壤的体积水含量。水的相对介电常数为81,而周围介质的相对介电常数约为2~30,这样大的介电常数差异使探地雷达成为监测和分析地下水的有效工具。介绍4种应用探地雷达测量土壤水含量的方法,包括:探地雷达反射波法、探地雷达地面波法、钻孔探地雷达方法、以及探地雷达地表反射系数方法4种方法各有不同的适用条件,其中反射波方法最为常用。 相似文献
11.
四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区埃迪卡拉系灯影组广泛发育一套微生物碳酸盐岩。以磨溪8井区灯影组四段(灯四段)为例,通过精细解析高频向上变浅序列的岩石学特征,发现灯四段微生物云岩及序列建造具有如下特征: (1)向上变浅序列主要由凝块石云岩、叠层石云岩和(含微生物)泥晶云岩3类构成,伴以少量微生物粘结颗粒云岩;(2)完整的典型向上变浅序列自下而上由(含微生物)泥晶云岩(A段)、平直状叠层石云岩(B段)、小型丘状叠层石云岩(C段)、分散状凝块石云岩(D段)、格架状凝块石云岩(E段)、微生物粘结颗粒云岩(F段)等6个岩性单元构成,但大量的序列由A-C-E、A-C-D、B-D、B-C-D-E等不完整的岩性单元构成,且序列顶底皆以凝块石云岩/(含微生物)泥晶云岩、叠层石云岩/(含微生物)泥晶云岩等不平整的岩性突变面或暴露面区分;(3)埃迪卡拉系微生物碳酸盐岩发育于浪基面之上至平均海平面附近的相对高能区域,且凝块石云岩较叠层石云岩形成的环境能量高。该研究结果不仅揭示出较高能的浅水环境控制了规模性微生物岩分布这一规律,而且对区域储集层预测具有指导意义,同时也因建立了有别于现代微生物的环境分布模式而具有重要的沉积学意义。 相似文献
12.
滩坝作为发育于滨岸带非常重要的沉积储集层类型之一,已成为隐蔽油气藏勘探的目标。为进一步明确峡山湖东岸滨浅湖滩坝沉积模式,以现代沉积考察为基础,结合探地雷达技术和粒度分析资料,对东岸研究区滩坝砂体的沉积特征以及控制因素进行详细分析。结果表明: 峡山湖东岸主要发育风成沙丘及滩坝2种沉积体系。早期风成沉积物以发育连续性好的大型板状交错层理细砂为主,分选较好,粒度概率曲线以两段式为特征;滩坝沉积物以发育连续性差的板状交错层理、平行层理中砂为主,主要为反粒序或者复合粒序,具冲刷构造,岩性较混杂并以砂泥薄互层为特征,发育大量植物根系,粒度概率曲线以三段式为主,跳跃组分分为2段,分选较好。探地雷达资料表明研究区下部主要以厚层层状反射结构砂体为主,与风成沙丘沉积反射特征较为一致,环境敏感粒度组分对滩坝沉积较强的水动力作用有较好的指示。总体上,风力作用控制了风成砂体的沉积发育并且改变了古地貌条件,风浪作用冲刷改造了早期砂体,为滩坝的发育提供了物源,控制了滩坝发育的规模和地理位置,可概括为“风运—湖改”滩坝沉积模式,可为滩坝体系的识别和有利储集层预测提供指导。 相似文献
13.
The coastline constitutes a very sensitive geomorphic domain constantly subjected to dynamic coastal processes. The study
of its ever-changing physiography and stratigraphy provides a wealth of information on its history and evolution, in many
cases at decadal and annual scales. The present study was carried out on the Modwa beach complex between Rawal Pir and Modwa,
about 10 km east of Mandvi on the northern coast of the Gulf of Kachchh. The Modwa spit is a 7-km long WNW-ESE trending prograding
amalgamated beach ridge complex that is about 0.5 km wide at its western end and 1.5 km wide at its eastern end. This Ground-Penetrating
Radar (GPR) survey delineated a variety of the radar surfaces and radar facies which reflects not only large scale sedimentary
architecture, but depositional facies of the beach ridge complex. These are bounding surfaces separating the radar facies
outline beach ridge (br), washover (wo), coastal dune (cd) and swale (sw) depositional environments. The internal sedimentary
structures like tangential, parallel, concave and convex upward stratifications could also be visualized from the GPR profiles.
The architecture suggests the formation of this complex due to a combined process of eastward littoral drift of locally derived
sediments and its onshore deposition by storms and eolian activities. 相似文献
14.
The internal architecture of raised beach ridge and associated swale deposits on Anholt records an ancient sea level. The Holocene beach ridges form part of a progradational beach ridge plain, which has been interpreted to have formed during an isostatic uplift and a relative fall in the sea level over the past 7700 years. The ridges are covered by pebbles and cobbles and commonly show evidence of deflation. Material presumably removed from the beach ridges and adjacent swales form the present dune forms on Anholt. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflection lines have been collected with 250 MHz shielded antennae across the fossil ridge and swale structures. The signals penetrate the subsurface to a maximum depth of ～ 10 m below the fossil features. The GPR data resolve the internal architecture of the beach ridges and swales with a vertical resolution of about 0.1 m. GPR mapping indicates that the Holocene beach ridges are composed of seaward-dipping beachface deposits as well as minor amounts of inland dipping deposits of wash-over origin. The beachface deposits downlap on underlying shoreface deposits, and we use these surfaces as markers of a relative palaeo-sea level. The new data indicate that the highest relative sea level at about 8.5 m was reached 6500 years ago; 700 years later the relative sea level had dropped 0.7 m indicating a change in the relative sea level around 1 mm/year. This fall in the relative sea level most likely records the influence of an isostatic rebound causing younger beach ridge deposits to indicate lower sea levels. 相似文献
15.
The structure and development of foredunes on a locally prograding coast: insights from ground-penetrating radar surveys, Norfolk, UK 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The internal structure of coastal foredunes from three sites along the north Norfolk coast has been investigated using ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), which provides a unique insight into the internal structure of these dunes that cannot be achieved by any other non‐destructive or geophysical technique. Combining geomorphological and geophysical investigations into the structure and morphology of these coastal foredunes has enabled a more accurate determination of their development and evolution. The radar profiles show the internal structures, which include foreslope accretion, trough cut and fill, roll‐over and beach deposits. Foredune ridges contain large sets of low‐angle cross‐stratification from dune foreslope accretion with trough‐shaped structures from cut and fill on the crest and rearslope. Foreslope accretion indicates sand supply from the beach to the foreslope, while troughs on the dune crest and rearslope are attributed to reworking by offshore winds. Bounding surfaces between dunes are clearly resolved and reveal the relative chronology of dune emplacement. Radar sequence boundaries within dunes have been traced below the water‐table passing into beach erosion surfaces. These are believed to result from storm activity, which erodes the upper beach and dunes. In one example, at Brancaster, a dune scarp and erosion surface may be correlated with erosion in the 1950s, possibly the 1953 storm. Results suggest that dune ridge development is intimately linked to changes in the shoreline, with dune development associated with coastal progradation while dunes are eroded during storms and, where beaches are eroding, a stable coast provides more time for dune development, resulting in higher foredune ridges. A model for coastal dune evolution is presented, which illustrates stages of dune development in response to beach evolution and sand supply. In contrast to many other coastal dune fields where the prevailing wind is onshore, on the north Norfolk coast, the prevailing wind is directed along the coast and offshore, which reduces the landward migration of sand dunes. 相似文献
16.
Internal structure of mixed-sand-and-gravel beach deposits revealed using ground-penetrating radar 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
ABSTRACT Mixed‐sand‐and‐gravel beaches are a distinctive type of coarse‐clastic beach. Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and photographic records of previous excavations are used to investigate the stratigraphy and internal sedimentary structure of mixed‐beach deposits at Aldeburgh in Suffolk, south‐east England. The principles of radar stratigraphy are used to describe and interpret migrated radar reflection profiles obtained from the study site. The application of radar stratigraphy allows the delineation of both bounding surfaces (radar surfaces) and the intervening beds or bed sets (radar facies). The deposits of the main backshore berm ridge consist of seaward‐dipping bounding surfaces that are gently onlapped by seaward‐dipping bed sets. Good correspondence is observed between a sequence of beach profiles, which record development of the berm ridge on the backshore, and the berm ridge's internal structure. The beach‐profile data also indicate that backshore berm ridges at Aldeburgh owe their origin to discrete depositional episodes related to storm‐wave activity. Beach‐ridge plain deposits at the study site consist of a complex, progradational sequence of foreshore, berm‐ridge, overtop and overwash deposits. Relict berm‐ridge deposits, separated by seaward‐dipping bounding surfaces, form the main depositional element beneath the beach‐ridge plain. However, the beach ridges themselves are formed predominantly of vertically stacked overtop/overwash units, which lie above the berm‐ridge deposits. Consequently, beach‐ridge development in this progradational, mixed‐beach setting must have occurred when conditions favoured overtopping and overwashing of the upper beachface. Interannual to decadal variations in wave climate, antecedent beach morphology, shoreline progradation rate and sea level are identified as the likely controlling factors in the development of such suitable conditions. 相似文献
17.
Large-scale structure of Calamus River deposits (Nebraska, USA) revealed using ground-penetrating radar 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The large-scale (i.e. bar-scale) structure of channel deposits of the braided, low-sinuosity Calamus River, Nebraska, is described using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles combined with vibracores. Basal erosion surfaces are generally overlain by medium-scale, trough-cross-stratified (sets 3–25 cm thick), very coarse to medium sands, that are associated with relatively high amplitude, discontinuous GPR reflectors. Overlying deposits are bioturbated, small-scale cross-stratified (sets <3 cm thick) and vegetation-rich, fine to very-fine sands, that are associated with low-amplitude discontinuous reflectors. Near-surface peat and turf have no associated GPR reflectors. In along-stream profiles through braid and point bars, most GPR reflectors dip downstream at up to 2° relative to the basal erosion surface, but some reflectors in the upstream parts of bars are parallel to the basal erosion surface or dip upstream. In cross-stream profiles through bars, GPR reflectors are either approximately parallel to bar surfaces or have low-angle inclinations (up to 6°) towards cut banks of adjacent curved channels. Basal erosion surfaces become deeper towards cut banks of curved channels. These structures can be explained by lateral and downstream growth of bars combined with vertical accretion. Convex upwards forms up to 0·5 m high, several metres across and tens of metres long represent episodic accretion of unit bars (scroll bars and bar heads). Stratal patterns in channel fills record a complicated history of erosion and deposition during filling, including migration of relatively small bars. A revised facies model for this type of sandy, braided river has been constructed based on this new information on large-scale bedding structure. 相似文献
18.
Mapping vertical profile of discontinuous permafrost with ground penetrating radar at Nalaikh depression,Mongolia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Tonghua Wu Qinxue Wang Masataka Watanabe Ji Chen Dorjgotov Battogtokh 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(8):1577-1583
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has become an important geophysical tool which can provide a wealth of interpretive information
about the vertical profile of discontinuous permafrost. A GPR investigation was conducted in October 2006 at the Nalaikh site
at the southern boundary of the Siberian discontinuous permafrost region in Mongolia. GPR data were collected along four 100-m-long
profiles to identify the location of the permafrost body, which included an in situ drilling borehole and analysis of temperature
observations and soil water content measurements from boreholes. The GPR interpretation results indicated that the thickness
of discontinuous permafrost at the study site was only 1.9–3.0 m and the permafrost is vulnerable to climate change. The soil
temperature and soil water content data demonstrate the precision of GPR image interpretation. This case demonstrated that
GPR is well suited for mapping the internal structure of discontinuous permafrost with relatively low soil water content. 相似文献
19.
Evaporitic materials have been studied by means of ground penetrating radar (GPR) in order to evaluate the collapse hazard.
The obtained 200 MHz GPR profiles show a low signal-noise ratio over the first 3 m depth, where well-defined and continuous
reflectors can be observed. Between 3 and 4.5 m depth, the signal to noise ratio decreases due to attenuation of the electromagnetic
(EM) waves. As a result, reflectors located deeper than 3 m become more discontinuous and poorly defined. GPR profiles show
trails of continuous and subhorizontal reflectors, with a slightly undulated and irregular geometry. Although some of these
reflectors laterally vanish or seem to disappear, sudden interruptions or hyperbolic reflections that could be originated
by the occurrence of cavities have not been detected. These reflectors have been interpreted as corresponding to several evaporitic
layers (gypsum) that constitute the main lithology in the area. Clear interruptions of reflectors have only been observed
in some GPR profiles, and they could be attributed to small (1–2 m long) subvertical faults, with only a few centimetres offset.
These faults may be generated by the accommodation of the evaporitic layers to local collapses affecting deeper materials. 相似文献