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1.
地质灾害经常对人民生命和财产造成重大损失,因此研究地质灾害的预测预报具有现实意义。本文以甘肃省灵台县为例阐述了应用GIS进行地质灾害预警研究和预测预报取得的良好效果。本项研究从引发黄土区地质灾害的内因和外因入手,首先对灵台县进行了地质灾害的易发性区划研究(内因);在此基础上,充分考虑降雨对地质灾害发生的影响(外因),对灵台县进行了地质灾害气象预警区划研究,在重点预警区及次重点预警区采用临界日综合有效过程降雨量模型判据法开展地质灾害气象预警预报研究。通过实际发布预警信息的检验结果来看,取得了较好的预报效果,说明该方法实用、有效,可为黄土区进一步研究地质灾害气象预警提供科学依据。  相似文献   

2.
基于滑坡灾害预警分级的应急处置措施   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
滑坡灾害应急处置能力是地质灾害减灾防灾的重要方面。目前,基于滑坡灾害预测和预警分级成果,系统性的应急措施分类研究还鲜有展开,因此,以三峡库区白水河滑坡为例,运用时间序列加法模型将滑坡累计位移分解为趋势项位移与周期项位移,并分别应用多项式拟合及自回归(AR)模型对2个分量进行预测,在此结果上采用聚类分析方法将滑坡变形分为匀速变形与加速变形阶段,综合判断滑坡灾害预警等级,开展了针对滑坡预警分级的应急措施研究。结果表明:白水河滑坡预警等级主要为蓝色和黄色2种类型,对处于不同的预警等级下的滑坡,可根据滑坡变形特征快速决策,基于滑坡灾害预测和预警分级结果能更有效地指导滑坡应急处置。  相似文献   

3.
基于WEBGIS和实时降雨信息的区域地质灾害预警预报系统   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
基于WEBGIS平台,根据浙江省地质灾害大调查和补充调查资料,结合浙江省气象台提供的雨季实时降雨量与降雨量预测信息,建立了浙江省突发性地质灾害预警预报系统。该系统目的在于:(1)建立浙江省突发性地质灾害信息库管理系统,实现对突发性地质灾害点分布和灾情信息的图形和数据一体化管理;(2)建立基于网络或其它通讯方式的滑坡(泥石流)灾害实时预警预报系统,实现与气象部门的连接,根据雨季的实时降雨预报和雨量资料,对浙江省滑坡(泥石流)灾害发生的空间范围进行实时发布。该系统核心是地质灾害预警预报模块,而模块是在区域地质灾害空间预测的基础上,结合实时的气象动态信息,研究在不同地质环境和不同气象条件下地质灾害体发生的规律,以提高区域地质灾害的预报精度。2004年的5月底到7月初的雨季中进行了试运行,该系统的预测情况与地质灾害的实际发生情况吻合性较好,表明预测方法和模型是基本可行的,且可操作性强。  相似文献   

4.
地质灾害预报预警是有效防范地质灾害、减少人员伤亡的重要手段。自2003年开始实施以来,全国有80%的山区省、市、县开展了地质灾害气象预警工作。但这种省、市、县独立建设模式难以满足部省协同、市县联动、全域贯通的业务需求。文章介绍了浙江省地质灾害气象风险预警一体化建设:按照“省级预报到县、市级预报到乡、县级预警到村(点)”的工作原则,在趋势预测、每日预报、短临预报和实时预警与地质灾害防治业务一体化融合方面开展探索,初步建成了以“地灾智治”应用驾驶舱为可视化监管,以“地灾智防”APP为闭环手段的地质灾害全生命周期管控防治业务体系,形成了具有浙江特色的地质灾害预报预警数字化产品体系。  相似文献   

5.
中国地质灾害气象预警始于2003年,每年汛期向公众发布预警信息,警示群众注意防范降雨引发的崩塌滑坡泥石流等地质灾害。为了更深入了解地质灾害气象风险预警研究的现状和未来趋势,以中国知网及SCI-Expanded国内外数据库作为数据来源,采用可视化工具CiteSpace,梳理了2003—2023年发表的国内外地质灾害气象风险预警文献,绘制科学知识图谱,分别从研究主题、演进趋势和研究热点进行多维度分析。结果表明:(1)基于历史降雨及灾害关系的临界降雨阈值研究在地质灾害气象风险预警研究中处于主导地位,与降雨相关阈值研究在未来仍将是研究热点;(2)关键词聚类分析显示不同地质灾害形成条件、气象条件下,不同类型、成因模式的地质灾害发生的预警预报模型、临界阈值研究文献占比较高,表明精细化是地质灾害气象风险预警发展的重要方向;(3)在国际上,中国学者发文量占总发文量的39%,我国在地质灾害气象风险预警研究中有绝对优势。研究结果较客观地展示了中国地质灾害气象风险预警研究的发展脉络和国内外研究热点及趋势,以期有助于我国地质灾害研究与预警预报业务进步。  相似文献   

6.
斜坡地质灾害的频发常常造成严重的经济损失,而斜坡地质灾害预报预警无疑是减少经济损失的主要手段。本文介绍了国内地质灾害预报预警方法研究及WebGIS系统开发现状,引入先进的RIA技术,构建RIA下的WebGIS体系结构;针对系统需求分析,进行了系统总体设计及详细设计,且基于ArcSDE Geodatabase和SQL Server技术设计并建立了空间数据库;最后利用面向对象的可视化编程语言C#基于WebGIS平台开发出了具有集查询检索、统计分析、空间分析、专题图制作、预报预警及动态维护等功能于一体的斜坡地质灾害气象预报预警信息系统。该系统的设计与实现,有助于提高斜坡地质灾害防灾减灾工作的能动性、高效性和准确性,最大限度地减少气象因素(降雨)诱发的斜坡地质灾害所造成的人员伤亡和财产损失。以云南省怒江州为例对系统各个功能进行了具体应用,为怒江州斜坡地质灾害防治及预测预报提供强劲有力的技术支撑。  相似文献   

7.
突发性地质灾害气象预警预报研究综述   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
分析了国内外突发性地质灾害气象预警预报相关研究动态,对地质灾害气象预警预报的研究现状和研究进展作了系统地总结.根据最新研究成果,从预警预报理论方法等方面对地质灾害预警预报的发展趋势进行了初步预测,并结合地质灾害气象预警预报的经验,就地质气象灾害预警预报存在的问题提出一些问题和看法.  相似文献   

8.
四川雅安市雨城区地质灾害预警系统研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
侯圣山  李昂  周平根 《地学前缘》2007,14(6):160-165
区域地质灾害的敏感性评价与诱发因素评价是区域群发性地质灾害预警预报的基础。文中以四川雅安市雨城区为例,系统介绍了区域地质灾害预警预报的方法。在区域地质灾害敏感性评价及区域降雨监测的基础上,研究了降雨诱发区域群发性地质灾害的规律,得出了地质灾害降雨阈值。研究了降雨诱发地质灾害预警预报的方法,建立了大中比例尺的地质灾害预警预报系统,并在四川雅安雨城区开展了系统运行。文中论述的方法可以用于县(市)级的地质灾害预警预报工作。模拟运行及实际运行效果表明,本方法效果较好,能够在类似区域进行推广。  相似文献   

9.
降雨是诱发地质灾害最主要的外部因素之一,在中国东南沿海中低山丘陵区强降雨诱发的地质灾害集群发生,造成了大量人员伤亡和财产损失。以福建省为例,深入挖掘多年历史地质灾害案例的降雨实况资料,以县级行政区为统计单元,基于定量化降雨估测对诱发群发性地质灾害的典型降雨过程进行相关性研究,并基于地质环境的量化指标进行了偏相关分析验证,建立了福建省有效降雨模型并通过现场监测和预警应用进行了验证。研究表明:福建地区地质灾害的发生与灾害发生3日内降雨相关,且以0.79为折减系数逐日折减,据此建立了福建地区有效降雨模型;将福建地区有效降雨模型应用于地质灾害气象预警,可以在保证地质灾害命中率的前提下,减少预警区面积、降低预警等级、缩短预警持续时间,提高地质灾害气象预警的精准性。研究结果有助于准确把握降雨特征,可为区域地质灾害气象预警中降雨因子的合理评估提供科学依据。  相似文献   

10.
GIS支持下的土壤重金属污染预测预警研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
面对日益严重的土壤重金属污染问题,必须采用快速高效的方法对污染趋势做出预测预警。本研究建立了土壤重金属污染预警模型和土壤重金属污染超标年限预测模型,并在GIS技术支持下,开发了基于ArcView GIS的预警预测程序模块,实现了对土壤重金属污染的预警预测。最后以北京市及其近郊区为实例,对该区重金属污染进行了预警并对Pb元素超标年限进行了预测,取得了较好的预警预测结果。  相似文献   

11.
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

12.
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.  相似文献   

13.
Robert L. Linnen   《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):267-280
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.  相似文献   

14.
Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.  相似文献   

15.
PALEONTOLOGY     
正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)  相似文献   

16.
正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)  相似文献   

17.
正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)  相似文献   

18.
PETROLOGY     
正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,  相似文献   

19.
正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an  相似文献   

20.
正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of  相似文献   

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