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1.
针对现有损伤模型的不足,提出同时反映岩石初始损伤和残余强度的岩石变形过程模拟方法.将岩石材料分为未损伤部分、损伤部分和微缺陷,未损伤部分和损伤部分共同承担岩石所受的应力.通过岩石材料几何条件及微观受力分析建立未损伤部分的应变分析.再考虑岩石的形变比能只与损伤部分材料相关,从而建立损伤部分的应变分析.然后探讨岩石损伤和耗散能的关系,提出了可以反映岩石初始损伤的损伤演化方程,基于各部分应变分析建立模拟岩石变形过程的损伤本构模型,同时给出模型各参数的确定方法.结果表明:损伤演化方程不仅表现了岩石的初始损伤特征,也可以完整地体现岩石变形破坏过程的5个阶段;与前人模型相比,提出的岩石变形模拟方法与试验曲线更加吻合,体现了岩石的变形全过程,特别是更加直观地反映了岩石的初始损伤和残余强度特征.综合体现了本文模型在模拟岩石变形全过程时的优势. 相似文献
2.
引入损伤变量ω理论,分析水平状软硬相间岩层在竖向应力下的应力-应变关系：再引用弹性模量E和岩层厚度L两个变形参数建立软硬相间岩层底板变形参数方程,得出竖向应力随着底板深度的增加而减小的规律：运用数值模拟软件,建立煤层开采模型,模拟软硬相间岩层底板在采动作用下的变形过程。通过数值分析底板在采动作用下的应力-应变关系和位移特征,发现竖向应力作用下软岩受到的水平应力比硬岩大,竖向应变也比硬岩大,而竖向应力和水平应变变化不大,认为在采动影响下软硬相间岩层底板中的软岩具有吸收更多的应变能来保护软岩下硬岩的变形特点。 相似文献
3.
软硬相接岩层在长时间跨度内的蠕变变形可能极为不协调,这对开挖工程安全稳定造成严重威胁。对某水电站引水隧洞同一开挖断面内砂质泥岩和泥质砂岩两种软硬相差较大的岩石进行卸荷条件下的蠕变试验和数值模拟,结果表明：在卸围压条件下,试样侧向蠕变变形较轴向发展更为迅速,呈现出显著的侧向扩容;初始围压水平较高时,试样卸荷蠕变破坏的侧向扩容效应更加显著;泥质砂岩在稳态蠕变阶段变形速率比砂质泥岩更慢,蠕变破坏时的应变值均比砂质泥岩蠕变破坏时的应变值要小,征兆性更弱。基于Burgers模型,引入损伤变量,建立带损伤的蠕变本构模型,模型曲线较好地描述了岩石破坏偏应力水平之前的线性蠕变特征和破坏偏应力水平下的非线性加速蠕变特征;软硬相接岩层蠕变数值模拟表明,蠕变变形初期,软硬相接点变形差别幅度不大,随着时间增长,在交接面处发生层间错动,对围岩整体稳定十分不利,工程实践中应予以足够关注。 相似文献
4.
卸荷条件下岩石变形特征及本构模型研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
基于岩石试件的卸荷试验,研究了卸荷条件下岩石的应力—应变全过程曲线和破裂特征,研究表明：卸荷过程中岩石向卸荷方向回弹变形强烈、扩容显著、脆性破坏特征明显;卸荷条件下岩石破坏具有较强的张性破裂特征,各种级别的张裂隙发育,其剪性破裂面追随张拉裂隙发展。基于试验认识,将卸荷条件下岩石的本构模型分为4段：弹性段、卸荷屈服段、峰后脆性段及残余理想塑性段;通过体积应变εv将Griffith和Mohr Coulomb屈服准则结合起来,建立卸荷条件下岩石的屈服准则,并在应变空间建立相应的卸荷非线性屈服段本构方程;运用应变软化理论,建立卸荷岩石峰后脆性段本构方程。 相似文献
5.
Summary Some comments are presented on the finite element analysis of the time dependent effects that develop when a tunnel is driven in a rock mass characterized by a viscous behaviour. First, the so called swelling and squeezing phenomena are described considering in particular rocks containing clay minerals. Subsequently the discussion is focused on the squeezing behaviour, i.e. on the time dependent increase of the shear deformation which develops with minor volume changes. Some linear and non-linear viscous constitutive laws are discussed, as well as their use in the solution of boundary value problems. Finally, the effects taking place around tunnels driven into squeezing rocks are illustrated through some numerical analyses based on these constitutive models. 相似文献
6.
为研究不同围压下深部复合地层岩体变形和破坏特征,结合地质赋存条件制作了类层状复合岩石试样,通过开展不同围压下的三轴压缩试验,研究了围压对水平层状复合岩体变形破坏特征的影响。试验结果表明：随着围压的不断增加,峰后偏应力-应变曲线的降低速率逐渐变缓,应变软化程度逐渐减弱;随着围压的增大,水平层状复合岩石的破坏形态呈现出明显差异,整体上破坏形态逐渐由脆性破坏向延性破坏过渡;在一定围压状态下,围压对软岩膨胀变形的约束效果相对硬岩较弱,导致水平层状复合岩石试样的软、硬分层之间的膨胀变形不协调,在层间黏结力作用下,软、硬分层之间发生相对错动现象。该研究成果对于施工单位预防深部复合地层隧道掘进机（TBM）工程灾害具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
7.
特殊的地理、气候条件及工程地质的复杂性决定了在北疆地区软岩地层中修建引水隧洞的设计施工难度较大。隧洞成拱效应与围岩自稳能力差,围岩渗透性强,遇水软化特性显著,极易产生软岩大变形甚至坍塌失稳灾害。为进一步研究北疆地区侏罗系与白垩系泥质砂岩的物理力学性质、遇水软化特性与能量损伤演化机制,开展了二者的单轴压缩、常规三轴与单轴蠕变试验。研究结果表明：两种岩石均富含黏土矿物,白垩系泥质砂岩的粒径分配更好,但其胶结程度较差,导致其强度稳定性与地层波速相对较低。低围压条件下,两者均以环向变形与体积扩容为主,但随着围压升高,其破坏模式由体积扩张过渡到体积压缩类型。高围压加载会造成岩石内部损伤,从而导致其抗压强度的降低。遇水后,两种岩石的延塑性与应变软化特性均明显增强,白垩系泥质砂岩的遇水软化特性更为显著。白垩系泥质砂岩的蠕变特性更为显著,两者的长期强度接近其单轴压缩损伤应力值。两种泥质砂岩的能量损伤演化过程均呈现S型变化规律,侏罗系泥质砂岩的能量硬化特性更为显著,白垩系泥质砂岩会更早地进入到能量硬化与能量软化阶段。 相似文献
8.
重塑上海软土的压缩和剪切变形特性试验研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
根据典型上海软土重塑土样的等向压缩试验,测K0与不测K0的单向压缩试验结果,得到不同试验条件下的压缩指数Cc和膨胀指数Cs,并分析了它们之间的关系。进行三轴排水剪切试验,得到了重塑上海软土在不同超固结比和围压下的变形和强度特性,并计算出重塑上海软土的内摩擦角。最后,根据一组不同荷载下的长期单向压缩试验结果,得到重塑上海软土的次压缩系数C?与荷载之间的关系。上述研究得到的初步结论及相关参数可为工程实践、超固结上海软土本构模型的建立提供参考数据。 相似文献
9.
强风化软岩路基填筑适宜性研究 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
通过对强风化软岩压实特性试验研究表明,填料的承载比（CBR值）随压实度的增大而增大,填料具有良好的压实性能,可用于高等级公路路基填筑;同时,利用室内三轴剪切仪模拟接近实际的应力路径,对强风化软岩进行干-湿双线平行试验和在复杂应力状态下不同压实度的湿化变形试验,试验结果表明：路面不发生开裂或塑性破坏的临界应变值为2 %;随着压实度的增大,湿化变形随之减小;在围压200 kPa时,随着偏应力的增大,剪胀也增大。将试验成果用于湘潭市昭山大道路基填筑,提出了路基95区换填黏性土、湿法填筑和提高90区压实度等施工措施。 相似文献
10.
A stress–strain relationship within porous rock under anisotropic stress conditions is required for modeling coupled hydromechanical
processes associated with a number of practical applications. In this study, a three-dimensional stress–strain relationship
is proposed for porous rock under elastic and anisotropic stress conditions. This relationship is a macroscopic-scale approximation
that uses a natural-strain-based Hooke’s law to describe deformation within a fraction of pores and an engineering-strain-based
Hooke’s law to describe deformation within the other part. This new relationship is evaluated using data from a number of
uniaxial and triaxial tests published in the literature. Based on this new stress–strain relationship, we also develop constitutive
relationships among stress, strain, and related stress-dependent hydraulic/mechanical properties (such as compressibility,
shear modulus, and porosity). These relationships are demonstrated to be consistent with experimental observations. 相似文献
11.
The engineering characteristics of weathered soft rock are important contents of soft rock mechanics. They also play a significant role in compacting deformation, which has been known to exert a significant amount of influence on the stability of highway filling subgrade engineering. In an effort to investigate this aspect of the problem, compacting tests and unconfined compressive strength tests have been carried out on weathered argillaceous slate and pelitic siitstone rocks, which are broken and graded before the test. The testing results indicate that the relationships of both between stress and strain and between axial strain and tangent modulus are exponential relationships; the size of the grain plays some influence on the deformation modulus, whereas the water content impacts the compressive strength greatly, which shows quadratic function; the unconfined compressive strength is linear with the dry density of loose soft rock mixtures. Therefore, the water content must be controlled in both the design and the construction of subgrade engineering of soft rock filling, and at the same time some effective measures should be taken to reach the requirement of compaction. 相似文献
12.
延吉盆地强膨胀性软岩边坡加固对策研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
延边地区近年来因公路修建,频频出现边坡滑动和严重变形工程问题。研究发现,引起公路边坡滑动和变形的主要原因是该地区广泛发育一种膨胀性软岩,它具有富含膨胀性粘土颗粒、强度低、易崩解、膨胀性强、膨胀力大的工程特性。在此基础上,应用大变形设计方法,提出了加强排水、高压注浆锚管桩预加固、压力分散型锚索加固和预防底臌锚管桩等适宜于软岩边坡加固的方法。 相似文献
13.
岩石几何损伤模型是建立统计损伤本构模型的重要基础。在岩石变形力学特性基础上对现有岩石几何损伤模型进行了回顾性分析,针对它们难以较好地反映初始损伤特征和峰后变形破坏特征的缺陷与不足,首先,将岩石材料视为由未损伤部分、初始损伤部分和后继损伤部分组成,提出了考虑初始损伤的岩石几何损伤模型;然后,通过探讨Weibull分布参数m和F0对损伤变量变化产生的影响,构建了参数型岩石几何损伤模型,在此基础上建立了应变软化类岩石统计损伤本构模型并进行了修正,给出了模型参数的确定方法;最后,通过模型验证和参数分析表明,修正后模型能够较好地模拟岩石变形破裂全过程,参数l和h对损伤变量变化产生的影响与m和F0等效,解决了现有岩石几何损伤模型存在的共性问题,该模型和方法具有一定的合理性和可行性。 相似文献
14.
Brittle fracture processes were hypothesized by several researches to cause a damage zone around an underground excavation in sulfate-rich clay rock when the stress exceeds the crack initiation threshold, and may promote swelling by crystal growth in newly formed fractures. In this study, laboratory experiments such as unconfined and confined compression tests with acoustic emission monitoring, and microstructural and mineralogical analyses are used to explain brittle fracture processes in sulfate-rich clay rock from the Gipskeuper formation in Switzerland. This rock type typically shows a heterogeneous rock fabric consisting of distinct clayey layers and stiff heterogeneities such as anhydrite layers, veins or nodules. The study showed that at low deviatoric stress, the failure behavior is dominated by the strength of the clayey matrix where microcracks are initiated. With increasing deviatoric stress or strain, growing microcracks eventually are arrested at anhydrite veins, and cracks develop either aligned with the interface between clayey layers and anhydrite veins, or penetrate anhydrite veins. These cracks often link micro-fractured regions in the specimen. This study also suggest that fracture localization in sulfate-rich clay rocks, which typically show a heterogeneous rock fabric, does not take place in the pre-peak range and renders unstable crack propagation less likely. Sulfate-rich clay rocks typically contain anhydrite veins at various scales. At the scale of a tunnel, anhydrite layers or veins may arrest growing fractures and prevent the disintegration of the rock mass. The rock mass may be damaged when the threshold stress for microcrack initiation is exceeded, thus promoting swelling by crystal growth in extension fractures, but the self-supporting capacity of the rock mass may be maintained rendering the possibility for rapidly propagating instability less likely. 相似文献
15.
缓倾软硬岩互层边坡变形破坏机制模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以宜巴高速公路沿途彭家湾软硬岩互层边坡为工程依托,依据地质分析及相似理论建立缓倾软硬岩互层边坡室内模型,采用开挖试验及和注水软化试验来模拟实际中的工程开挖（或河谷下切）和雨水浸润软化过程,研究缓倾软硬岩互层边坡的变形破坏机制。结果表明：在开挖及雨水软化两种工况下,该类软硬岩互层边坡的变形模式都是前期的滑移拉裂变形和后期的整体蠕滑变形,破坏模式是以深部软层为滑动面的整体滑移;硬岩层与软岩层的变形情况略有不同,硬岩层以整体蠕滑变形为主,而软岩层以滑移拉裂变形为主;深部软岩层的状态变化对边坡的整体稳定性影响非常关键;工程开挖（河谷下切）及雨水入渗都会对该类缓倾软硬岩互层边坡的稳定性有重要影响,开挖导致的临空面及微裂隙是滑坡发生的基础,水是滑坡发生的条件和诱因。 相似文献
16.
淮南,铁法煤矿膨胀型软岩力学化学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
膨胀型软岩由于其性质的复杂性和工程的严重危害性而成为我国煤矿工程研究中最复杂的问题之一。膨胀型软岩能与水发生物理化学反应使含水量或体积发生变化，是地质历史长期作用的产物，随着时间场和空间场的不同，其力学化学特征有明显的差异，作者根据对淮南５个煤矿、铁法２个煤矿软岩的实际研究，总结二者在成份、物理化学特征、力学性质以及膨胀机制等方面的差异，为工程有效支护提供理论依据。 相似文献
17.
Li Yu Eef Weetjens Xavier Sillen Tim Vietor Xiangling Li Pierre Delage Vincent Labiouse Robert Charlier 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(1):3-19
A proper evaluation of the perturbations of the host rock induced by the excavation and the emplacement of exothermic wastes is essential for the assessment of the long-term safety of high-level radioactive waste disposals in clay formations. The impact of the thermal transient on the evolution of the damaged zone (DZ) has been explored in the European Commission project TIMODAZ (thermal impact on the damaged zone around a radioactive waste disposal in clay host rocks, 2006–2010). This paper integrates the scientific results of the TIMODAZ project from a performance assessment (PA) point of view, showing how these results support and justify key PA assumptions and the values of PA model parameters. This paper also contextualises the significance of the thermal impact on the DZ from a safety case perspective, highlighting how the project outcomes result into an improved understanding of the thermo–hydro–mechanical behaviour of the clay host rocks. The results obtained in the TIMODAZ project strengthen the assessment basis of the safety evaluation of the current repository designs. There was no evidence throughout the TIMODAZ experimental observations of a temperature-induced additional opening of fractures nor of a significant permeability increase of the DZ. Instead, thermally induced plasticity, swelling and creep seem to be beneficial to the sealing of fractures and to the recovery of a very low permeability in the DZ, close to that of an undisturbed clay host rock. Results from the TIMODAZ project indicate that the favourable properties of the clay host rock, which guarantee the effectiveness of the safety functions of the repository system, are expected to be maintained after the heating–cooling cycle. Hence, the basic assumptions usually made in PA calculations so far are expected to remain valid, and the performance of the system should not be affected in a negative way by the thermal evolution of the DZ around a radioactive waste repository in clay host rock. 相似文献
18.
中国煤矿膨胀型软岩工程地球化学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
膨胀型软岩由于其性质的复杂和工程的严重危害性而成为当前岩石力学和工程地质学领域中最复杂的理论和工程问题之一。膨胀型软岩系指那些能与水发生物理化学反应使含水量或体积发生变化的软岩。由于不同煤矿工程的膨胀型软告形成的地质时代不同，成岩胶结程度不同，成因类型和发育规律的差异，而导致其力学化学行为也有明显差异。因此所选择的支护方式也不一样。软岩工程地球化学行为的研究，既要注意环境应力对岩石性质的影响，更要重视岩石在环境应力作用下所发生的一系列物物理化学变化对岩石自身性质影响的研究。 相似文献
19.
为了探究含软、硬两种岩性碎块石土石混合体的变形破坏过程与力学性质,发展了一种基于软硬石模板库的土石混合体建模方法。通过在PFC2D中建立符合原位结构特征的软硬石模板库,利用此模板库生成了不同含石量土石混合体颗粒流模型,对土石混合体进行了单轴压缩颗粒流模拟。结果表明：土石混合体破坏始于土-石接触面,土石介质分离大多因剪切破坏导致,加载前期微裂纹迅速增长,中、后期微裂纹增长速率减缓,但宏观变形渐趋显著;随着含石量的增加,土石混合体单轴抗压强度逐渐降低,块石的转动与侧向移动会加剧土石混合体的整体破坏;相同含石量下,随着软石比例的增加,单轴抗压强度呈下降趋势,试验后试样破裂率与单个软石颗粒的破裂程度均保持在较高水平,软石颗粒破裂是引起土石混合体单轴抗压强度降低的重要原因。 相似文献
20.
Jonny Rutqvist Liange Zheng Fei Chen Hui-Hai Liu Jens Birkholzer 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(1):167-186
This paper presents simulation results related to coupled thermal–hydraulic–mechanical (THM) processes in engineered barrier systems (EBS) and clay host rock, in one case considering a possible link to geochemistry. This study is part of the US DOE Office of Nuclear Energy’s used fuel disposition campaign, to investigate current modeling capabilities and to identify issues and knowledge gaps associated with coupled THMC processes and EBS–rock interactions associated with repositories hosted in clay rock. In this study, we simulated a generic repository case assuming an EBS design with waste emplacement in horizontal tunnels that are back-filled with bentonite-based swelling clay as a protective buffer and heat load, derived for one type of US reactor spent fuel. We adopted the Barcelona basic model (BBM) for modeling of the geomechanical behavior of the bentonite, using properties corresponding to the FEBEX bentonite, and we used clay host rock properties derived from the Opalinus clay at Mont Terri, Switzerland. We present results related to EBS host–rock interactions and geomechanical performance in general, as well as studies related to peak temperature, buffer resaturation and thermally induced pressurization of host rock pore water, and swelling pressure change owing to variation of chemical composition in the EBS. Our initial THM modeling results show strong THM-driven interactions between the bentonite buffer and the low-permeability host rock. The resaturation of the buffer is delayed as a result of the low rock permeability, and the fluid pressure in the host rock is strongly coupled with the temperature changes, which under certain circumstances could result in a significant increase in pore pressure. Moreover, using the BBM, the bentonite buffer was found to have a rather complex geomechanical behavior that eventually leads to a slightly nonuniform density distribution. Nevertheless, the simulation shows that the swelling of the buffer is functioning to provide an adequate increase in confining stress on the tunnel wall, leading to a stabilization of any failure that may occur during the tunnel excavation. Finally, we describe the application of a possible approach for linking THM processes with chemistry, focusing on the evolution of primary and secondary swelling, in which the secondary swelling is caused by changes in ionic concentration, which in turn is evaluated using a transport simulation model. 相似文献