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1.
There is growing recognition among political ecologists of the need to examine shifting natural resource regimes and their
effects on livelihoods in “First World” places. This emerging literature has variously examined the “Third World within,”
the persistence of “subsistence activities” in the “First World,” and the “reterritorialization” of land tenure and access.
However, much of this work has tended to focus on traditional extractive industries in the American West, indigenous claims
to lands and resources in the U.S. and Canada, and non-timber resources on public lands. In contrast, we use a case study
of African-American sweetgrass basket-makers, associated with the Gullah culture, in South Carolina’s lowcountry to examine
the ways in which ongoing amenity-driven residential development is fundamentally reshaping resource access on private lands.
Historically, basket-makers harvested the materials (primarily sweetgrass or Mulenbergia filipes) needed for their culturally
important art form from accessible, rural, and privately held tracts of land in close proximity to their communities, but
development pressures and changes in resident interpretation of property rights has decreased access to basket-making resources.
The case is particularly illuminating, as it examines the emergence of ‘conservation subdivisions’ in the region and raises
important questions about what “rural uses” and users are being conserved through responses to exurban, suburban, and urban
development in formerly rural areas. 相似文献
2.
Natural resources, especially the forest provide a means of livelihood to rural communities in most developing countries.
Unfortunately these resources are under the threat of disappearing because of high population growth rates and poverty that
characterise these communities. Any attempt by development agencies at conserving these resources is tantamount to depriving
these rural areas of their survival base. Yet due to its strategic socio-economic and cultural importance, the forest ecosystem
needs to be sustained for future generations. This paper examines the various challenges faced by the State and other conservation
agencies in natural resource management and the possible options which can be employed in an effort to ensure a sustainable
exploitation of the forest in Anglophone Cameroon. It discusses the efforts of these actors, within the framework of the emerging
concept of community forestry, local community strengthening and integrated rural development. While highlighting some of
the achievements of international NGOs like Bird Life International and World Wide Fund for Nature in the region, the study
concludes that the future of sustainable management of forest resources relies on a holistic poverty alleviation approach
that takes into consideration the empowerment of these communities. This will ensure that they participate and benefit from
the exploitation of the resources in the form of local development.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Alice Atieno Oluoko-Odingo 《GeoJournal》2009,74(4):311-331
Poverty and food security are twin concerns of Kenya in a manner similar to many affected developing countries. It is characterized
by the inability of the affected households in the country to acquire and retain sustainable livelihoods. The picture in Kenya
is bound to be complicated by the projected changes in climate, as well as by population increase and environmental degradation,
all which will put pressure on the natural resource base and militate against the achievement of sustainable development.
The poverty picture in Kenya has hardly changed since independence over four decades ago despite the enormous resources and
efforts which have been directed at tackling it. The current national poverty level remains high at well over 70% in some
pockets which remain particularly vulnerable. Following the recent post-election violence, there is now a fear that the situation
could degenerate into famine conditions and further hopelessness for a sizeable proportion of the rural population. Government
efforts to eradicate poverty and food insecurity spelled out in a thirty year development plan are unlikely to succeed unless
underlying causes of inequality are properly addressed. The paper contains suggestions for new approaches to addressing the
twin problems. 相似文献
4.
5.
《Geoforum》2015
This essay examines neoliberal forms of resource governance and emerging struggles over control of sea space between coastal fishers, the para-statal oil industry and government authorities in the State of Tabasco, Mexico. The analysis focuses on the changing mechanisms of resource governance and networking related to contested claims over rights to offshore space. The study is based on material collected during ethnographic field research in Tabasco in 2011–2014. By linking a post-Foucauldian approach to governmentality with a Deleuzian perspective on networks, our research examines resource governance as a socio-political arena, constructed in negotiation between multiple governmental, private and civil society actors, including heterogeneous groups from local populations. The study demonstrates how hybrid techniques of resource governance lead to fishers’ socio-spatial displacement, marginalization in the fields of political representation and subjection to ideas of aquaculture entrepreneurship. The ensemble of private regulation and governmental control provides a venue for drawing fishers into clientelist practices of governing while it diffuses questions of responsibility. These modes of governance fragment the fishers’ efforts to mobilize politically, making them rely on less visible networks of contestation shaped by heterogeneous fishing groups, with varying access to resources and political representation. Recent transformations in environmental legislation and the fishers’ mobile tactics of networking may offer opportunities for them to reclaim their resource rights. 相似文献
6.
R. S. Odingo Dr. 《GeoJournal》1981,5(6):521-530
The link between natural resources and economic development is more and more regarded as a fact today even though the whole process of development is only partially understood. The awareness has now spread to the developing countries of the world where resources have yet to be developed to bring about an improvement in standards of living especially for rural populations, as well as a general improvement in the quality of life for the people. Unfortunately many of the resources of these countries are still to be surveyed and development planning is often based on flimsy, inadequate or even unreliable natural resource data. The improvement of data base for resource planning would go a long way to ensure more knowledge about natural resources in developing countries and better use and management of the available resources. There are economic, technological and environmental difficulties to be overcome before more efficient natural resource utilization in these countries could be achieved. The role of population growth in resource realization is still clouded with an inconclusive debate. But even more important is the need for technological assistance and the application of modern technology to food and agriculture and to other resources to ensure a better life for the populations of developing countries. Developments in agriculture will need the greatest attention since it is a primary resource which provides employment for large proportions of the population, food for the rural and urban populations and exportable surpluses required for the purchase of industrial goods for use in the other sectors of the economy. The activities of transnational corporations distort developments in agriculture and mining in many developing countries and many of these countries are today making greater moves to realize full sovereignty over their natural resources as a first step towards more efficient and meaningful planning for economic growth and development. Energy resources, and in particular the development of new and renewable sources of energy, present one of the greatest challenges to developing countries. Examples of the development of rural energy systems in China and India are promising to open the way to alternative forms of energy for the rural masses of other similarly placed developing countries. Finally, new developments in the natural resources debate concerned with the sharing of the resources of the oceans as seen in the Law of the Sea Conference are a pointer to a more equitable approach to the use of global resources for the continued development of the developed as well as the developing countries of the world.The view expressed in this paper are those of the author alone and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations University. 相似文献
7.
页岩气是一种清洁的非常规天然气资源,已引起全世界各国的广泛关注.我国页岩气资源丰富,70%的资源分布在长江经济带沿线各省市.在长江上游的重庆涪陵、四川长宁-威远等地区实现了商业开发,长江中游鄂西地区实现突破,长江下游安徽宣城取得了积极进展.页岩气勘查理论和技术标准体系初步形成,开采装备基本实现国产化.加快长江经济带页岩气勘查开发对优化能源消费结构、实现绿色发展、保障国家能源安全具有重要意义.然而,目前页岩气勘探和开发存在一些问题.主要体现在:页岩气资源探明率低,复杂构造区页岩气富集成藏理论尚需深入研究.页岩气开发成本高,一些关键技术装备尚待研发.市场驱动机制方面,多元主体共同参与的市场化格局尚未完全形成.本文从长江经济带页岩气资源状况、勘探开发进展、勘查理论、技术与装备等方面,分析了中国页岩气发展形势,梳理了制约我国页岩气勘查开发快速发展的主要问题.建议加大勘查开发力度,加强科技创新,坚持绿色勘查开发,加大政策扶持力度,多措并举加快构建长江经济带页岩气勘查开发新格局. 相似文献
8.
《China Geology》2020,3(1):173-181
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region boasts rich geothermal resources and new achievements have been made in the exploration and development of geothermal resources in this region based on previous regional investigation. In detail, geothermal reservoirs of Gaoyuzhuang Formation of Jixian System and Changcheng System in Xiongan New Area have been recently discovered, opening up the second space of geothermal resources; the calculation method of the recoverable resources of geothermal fluid with reinjection being considered has been improved in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and uniform comprehensive assessment of shallow geothermal energy, hydrothermal geothermal resources, and hot dry rocks (HDR) geothermal resources in the whole Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang region has been completed. The scientific research base for cascade development and utilization of geothermal resources in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has applied hydraulic fracturing technology to the geothermal reservoirs in Gaoyuzhuang Formation. As a result, the production capacity doubled and two-stage cascade utilization composed of geothermal power generation and geothermal heating were realized, with the first-phase installed capacity of 280 kW and the geothermal hearing is 30000 m2. In this way, a model of the exploration, development, and utilization of geothermal resources formed. Large-scale utilization has become the future trend of geothermal resource development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and great efforts shall be made to achieve breakthroughs in reinjection technology, geothermal reservoir reconstruction technology, thermoelectric technology and underground heat exchange technology. 相似文献
9.
Transfrontier conservation has taken Southern Africa by storm, where the modus operandi remains simple and intuitive: by dissolving boundaries, local benefits grow as conservation and development spread regionally. However, in the case of South Africa’s section of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park, political and economic change redirects benefits to support ‘modern’ economies at the expense of rural livelihoods through community-based natural resources management (CBNRM). Neo-liberal agendas promoted by government and the transfrontier park derail efforts at decentralizing CBNRM initiatives beyond markets and state control. This paper argues that ‘hybrid neoliberal’ CBNRM has arisen in private and public sector delivery of devolved conservation and poverty relief projects as ‘tertiary production’ for regional development. As a result, ‘CBNRM’ projects related to and independent of transfrontier conservation support private sector interests rather than the resource base of rural livelihoods. Concluding sections assert that CBNRM can counter this neoliberal trend by supporting the land-based economy of local users living near the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park. 相似文献
10.
B.Ikubolajeh Logan 《Geoforum》2002,33(1):1-14
The CAMPFIRE program in Zimbabwe is one of a `new breed' of strategies designed to tackle environmental management at the grassroots level. CAMPFIRE aims to help rural communities to manage their resources, especially wildlife, for their own local development. The program's central objective is to alleviate rural poverty by giving rural communities autonomy over resource management and to demonstrate to them that wildlife is not necessarily a hindrance to arable agriculture, “but a resource that could be managed and `cultivated' to provide income and food”. In this paper, we assess two important elements of CAMPFIRE: poverty alleviation and local empowerment and comment on the program's performance in achieving these highly interconnected objectives. We analyze the program's achievements in poverty alleviation by exploring tenurial patterns, resource ownership and the allocation of proceeds from resource exploitation; and its progress in local empowerment by examining its administrative and decision making structures. We conclude that the program cannot effectively achieve the goal of poverty alleviation without first addressing the administrative and legal structures that underlie the country's political ecology. 相似文献
11.
Seawater intrusion has been an important topic in hydrogeology in China in recent decades. The rapid growth of the population and economy in the coastal regions has been consuming a tremendous amount of groundwater resources and has increased the extent of seawater intrusion. The spatial discrepancy of water resource distribution has caused the studies of seawater intrusion into China to mainly be concentrated on the area around the Bohai Sea in the northern part of China. The total area of seawater-intruded land due to excessive groundwater utilization in the area was estimated to be approximately 2,457 km2 in 2003. Great efforts have been made to mitigate the extent of seawater intrusion and to secure more freshwater resources, including building monitoring networks, subsurface barrier and groundwater reservoirs, and artificial infiltration facilities. Management projects over the years were evaluated to satisfy the objectives and to provide valuable experiences for future research and planning. It is expected that the coastal groundwater conditions of the northern region will improve through the development of a national water resource plan, such as the ongoing south-to-north water diversion project. 相似文献
12.
Bruce Mitchell 《Geoforum》1981,12(3):227-236
The current debate concerning natural resources developed in Canadais examined against the background of population distribution, electoral distribution, variations in regional economies, foreign investment, federal versus provincial jurisdiction over resources, and the demands for constitutional reform. These have resulted in an essential division between the resource producing regions of the west and, to a lesser extent the extreme east, and the resource consuming region in the centre. After establishing the context for resource development, the paper goes on to assess the debate as it has evolved with respect to offshore fishery resources on the Atlantic Coast, potash in Saskatchewan and petroleum and natural gas in the western provinces. 相似文献
13.
Tantoh Henry Bikwibili Simatele Danny Mulala Ebhuoma Eromose Donkor Kwabena McKay Tracey J. M. 《GeoJournal》2021,86(2):943-961
This paper examines community-based water supply management (CBWSM) in three rural districts of Northwest Cameroon as well as a review of the literature focusing on some successful community-based natural resource management initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa. Using empirical and secondary data collected through participatory research methods, it is argued that CBWSM has failed to achieve sustainable water supplies in Northwest Cameroon. Findings revealed that centralized control, the prevalence of poverty, passive involvement of public, private and grassroots community has continued to thwart water supplies within these districts. It is important to note that in any natural resource management system, power becomes a crucial factor as it determines who has and does not have access to common-pool resources. This paper argues that argues that strong traditional leadership, resolute devolution, and active participation of rural communities will facilitate and invigorate a platform for capturing the views of diverse user groups and this can bring about a people-centered and community-driven development process. Some aspects of best practice arising from successful case studies in Cameroon can contribute significantly to promoting the development of effective CBWSM in other rural communities with similar characteristics in and out of Cameroon. This will be possible only if rural groups are involved and engaged in the management of their resources while integrating some aspects of best practice.
相似文献14.
在河津市水资源开发利用现状及其问题分析的基础上,结合区域发展的要求以及水资源结构调整的契机,从城乡关系、产业发展、水资源结构、分区治理以及制度建设等方面提出促进区域水资源可持续利用的相关建议,为推动区域资源型经济转型探索道路. 相似文献
15.
京津冀地区雾霾较为严重,同时地热资源丰富,因此,充分利用地热资源是调整该地区能源结构,减缓雾霾的重要途径之一。本文在分析京津冀地区构造、大地热流、地温梯度等地质背景的基础上,分别总结了京津冀地区隆起山地对流型与沉积盆地传导型地热资源的成藏模式与赋存条件,并对两种地热资源的资源量、开发利用现状与潜力进行了分析。京津冀地区地热资源储量折合标准煤约1383亿t,年地热流体可开采热量折合标准煤1100万t,但目前地热流体年开采热量仅相当于114万t标准煤,约占总量的10%,开发利用潜力巨大。 相似文献
16.
安徽省是我国矿产资源丰富的省份之一,是重要的煤炭、有色金属、建材及钢铁生产基地,矿业经济在安徽省的经济发展中占有十分重要的地位。为进一步加强探矿权管理,鼓励、支持社会资金参与矿产资源勘查开发,促进矿产资源管理健康有序发展,创新地质勘查开发新机制,实现安徽省地质找矿新的重大突破,特对安徽省重要矿产地质勘查项目区块(探矿权)设置进行研究。在安徽省矿产资源总体规划和地质勘查规划的总体框架下,对安徽省重要矿产勘查区、预留区、成果保护区的地质背景和成矿条件进行研究,进一步细化和实施地质勘查规划,突出重点矿种和重点成矿区带勘查工作,科学合理地划分勘查区块,设立矿产勘查项目区块(探矿权),为地质勘查及探矿权设置和整合提供技术依据。 相似文献
17.
Matthew Himley 《Geoforum》2009,40(5):832-842
The Ecuadorian sierra, or Andean region, has during recent decades witnessed a marked expansion of nature conservation initiatives. This paper explores the relations and tensions between this proliferation of conservation interventions and the struggles of rural Andean communities to assert territorial authority and to consolidate their livelihoods. Through an analysis of three rounds of conservation initiatives in an indigenous campesino cooperative in the south-central sierra, I argue for a conceptualization of the outcomes and trajectories of conservation as coproduced through histories of interaction between conservation actors and rural resource users. Within this analytical framework, I underscore the importance of taking into account the agency of rural communities, their historical landscape claims, and the dynamism of their livelihood interests. 相似文献
18.
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region is an important engine for China’s socioeconomic development. Timely and effectively assessing constraint factors of resources and environment is of great significance for the sustainability assessment and the sustainable development of this region. However, comprehensive assessment research considering key resource and environmental constraints are still lacking. In this study, therefore, the limiting factors of resources and the environment in the BTH region were assessed based on the framework of landscape sustainability science. First, we chose five limiting factors, including topographic condition, geological environment, water resource, land resource, and atmospheric environment, to assess the constraints of resources and the environment using the single-factor evaluation method and the multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method. Based on the results, we divided the whole region into five subregions, i.e., the ecological conservation subregion, the geological disaster subregion, the water resource scarcity subregion, the atmospheric pollution subregion, and the cropland protection subregion. The results revealed that the northern BTH region was highly constrained by topographic conditions, the central BTH region was strongly constrained by geological environment and water resources, whereas the southern BTH region was constrained mainly by land resources and atmospheric environment. In addition, water resource was the main limiting factor for regional population growth and economic development. In 2010, the water resource scarcity subregion had a total population of 39.59 million, an urban population of 76.90%, and a gross domestic product of 2 455.57 billion yuan. We argue that the sustainable development of the BTH region should explicitly consider the resource and environmental limiting factors, implement land use optimization according to local conditions, maintain multiple land use types and diverse management strategies, based on the perspective of “strong sustainability”, so as to promote the regional sustainable development. 相似文献
19.
城镇化是西北地区发展的必由之路,然而最大的自然障碍因素是水资源严重短缺。国外较早地开展并已有效地利用了城市雨水,而我国起步比较晚。西北地区在推进城镇化建设中,宜把城市雨水资源化作为城市节水的方向之一。城市雨水资源的利用对西北地区城市可持续发展有重要的意义。 相似文献
20.
中国西部地区矿产资源概况 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
我国西部载我矿产资源丰富。特别是能源矿产，化工矿产分布相对集中，该区内的鄂尔多斯能源富集带，陕甘川有色金属矿产富集区，柴达木化工矿产富集区，塔里木油气富集区及阿尔泰有色金属富集区等已成为吸引投资颇有前景的地区。但目前西部地区矿产资源开发与利用中尚存在一些亟待解决的问题，有效地解决这些问题，将资源优势转化为经济优势，同时使资源开发与环境保护协调发展，是西部矿产资源开发与利用的正确道路。 相似文献