共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
提要 利用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,对虹鳟、溪红点鲑及杂交种(虹鳟♀溪红点鲑♂)的进行了血液蛋白多态性研究, 计算了各座位的基因频率、基因纯合度和Shannon 信息指数, 并探讨了群体间的亲缘关系和遗传距离。结果表明: ( 1) 3个种群在α球蛋白、β1球蛋白、γ-球蛋白、前白蛋白和白蛋白5个座位上的遗传差异较大, 血清蛋白座位的优势基因在不同群体中有不同的频率; ( 2) 杂交种中出现部分双亲特异条带,表明杂交种整合了虹鳟♀ 和溪红点鲑♂的遗传信息,属两性融合生殖, 是真正意义上的杂交种。( 3) 杂交种与虹鳟和溪红点鲑的遗传相似性系数分别为0.718和0.575, 遗传距离分别为0.332和0.554, 表明杂交种与两亲本的遗传差异不是对等的, 而是偏向母本一方, U PGMA 系统树也同样证明了这一点。 相似文献
2.
虹鳟和硬头鳟幼鱼对温度的耐受性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用黄海冷水团进行鲑鳟鱼类养殖,养殖种类的选择极其重要。本实验分别选取了体重2～120g陆封型虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和洄游型硬头鳟(O.mykiss),以14℃为起始水温,以1℃/24h的速率分别升温和降温,从而获得两类鱼的高温临界温度和低温停食温度。研究显示,虹鳟和硬头鳟的高温临界温度和低温停食温度受其生态类型、体重及二者交互作用的影响显著;虹鳟和硬头鳟的高温临界温度和停食温度均在体重2g时最高,并随体重增加逐渐降低;虹鳟的最高临界温度显著高于硬头鳟,而停食温度显著低于硬头鳟。研究结果表明,虹鳟与硬头鳟的温度耐受范围重叠,但前者的温度耐受范围宽于后者。 相似文献
3.
本文研究了不同盐度驯化方式下虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss,(99.44±0.26)g(简写为99 g))和两种规格硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss,(99.01±0.61)g(简写为99 g)和(394.50±1.16)g(简写为395 g))的血清抗氧化酶活性变化。实验设置4种盐度驯化方式:淡水对照组(T0组);从淡水直接过渡到盐度30(T30组);从淡水直接过渡至盐度14,然后以升盐速度2/d(T2组)和6/d(T6组)至盐度30。盐度驯化结果显示:99 g硬头鳟和虹鳟血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均受盐度驯化方式、时间及其交互作用影响显著。T30组99 g虹鳟和99 g硬头鳟的SOD、GSH-Px和MDA活性在0.5、1、4、8、15和40 d这6个取样点均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。盐度驯化40 d后,T2组99 g虹鳟SOD活性、GSH-Px活性和MDA含量与对照组无显著差异,99 g硬头鳟GSH-Px活性与对照组无显著差异,T6组99 g虹鳟和99 g硬头鳟的SOD和GSH-Px活性显著高于对照组。T2组395 g硬头鳟SOD活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和MDA含量与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),而T6和T30组395 g硬头鳟血清中SOD活性、CAT活性、GSH-Px活性和MDA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,T2组渐变盐度方式更适合虹鳟和硬头鳟盐度驯化,395 g硬头鳟对盐度驯化的适应能力优于99 g硬头鳟。 相似文献
4.
以初始体重分别为(20.19±0.32)g陆封型虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和(20.11±0.47)g溯河型硬头鳟(O.mykiss)幼鱼为实验材料,以淡水组S0为对照,研究了S2(+2/d)、S4(+4/d)、S6(+6/d)和S8(+8/d)4种盐度驯化方式(即每日升盐幅度分别为2、4、6和8,直至30),对2种鱼的存活和生长的影响,比较了2种幼鱼对盐度变化的适应能力。经过40 d的实验发现:(1)2种鱼的存活率均以S0组最高(100%),随日升盐幅的增大而下降,其中,S2组下降了23%～28%,S8组下降了62%;4种盐度驯化组硬头鳟的成活率高于虹鳟;(2)2种鱼的生长皆以S0组最高,随日升盐幅的增大而下降;S2组虹鳟与S0组差异不明显,但高于其他3个盐度驯化组(与S8组差异达到显著水平);4种盐度驯化组硬头鳟的生长显著低于对照组,S2和S4组的生长显著高于S6和S8组;S2组虹鳟的生长显著高于S2组的硬头鳟;(3)2种鱼的摄食量(FC)皆以S0组最高,随日升盐幅的增大而下降;S2组虹鳟的FC与S0组差异不明显,但显著高于S6和S8组;4种盐度驯化组硬头鳟的FC显著低于S0组,S2和S4组显著高于S6和S8组;相应盐度驯化组的虹鳟和硬头鳟的FC差异不明显(S6除外);(4)2种鱼的饲料转化率(FCE)皆以S0组最高,随日升盐幅的增大而降低;S2组虹鳟的FCE显著低于S0组,但显著高于其他3个盐度驯化组;S2组硬头鳟的FCE显著高于S6和S8组,与S0组差异不明显;S0和S2组硬头鳟的FCE显著低于S0和S2组虹鳟。实验结果表明:日升盐幅为2至海水盐度30的驯化方式对20 g左右的虹鳟和硬头鳟的存活皆产生影响,对虹鳟的生长影响不大,但显著降低了硬头鳟的生长,这些影响与摄食量、饲料转化效率发生变化有关。研究表明,20 g左右的虹鳟和硬头鳟不适合入海养殖。 相似文献
5.
6.
为比较研究不同盐度下虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和硬头鳟(O.mykiss)幼鱼的消化和抗氧化能力的差异,在7个盐度(0、5、10、15、20、25和30,分别以S0、S5、S10、S15、S20、S25和S30表示)下饲养虹鳟(3.55g)和硬头鳟(3.57g)幼鱼各40d,分析其肠、胃消化酶和肝脏抗氧化酶活性。每个处理组3个重复,每个重复放养8尾鱼。实验用水由自然海水和淡水调配而成,以升盐率1～2d-1升至设置盐度后稳定7d进行实验。研究显示:虹鳟和硬头鳟的肠淀粉酶、肠脂肪酶、肠胰蛋白酶、胃淀粉酶和胃蛋白酶活性分别在S5和S10组达到峰值,且显著高于其它组。在S5组,虹鳟的肠、胃消化酶活性均显著高于硬头鳟,在S10组,硬头鳟的肠、胃消化酶活性均显著高于虹鳟。虹鳟和硬头鳟的肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量在S5或S10组达到峰值;在S25和S30组,硬头鳟的肝脏SOD、CAT、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性和MDA含量显著高于虹鳟。研究结果表明,虹鳟和硬头鳟幼鱼分别在盐度5和10时消化能力最好,在高盐度(25～30)下硬头鳟幼鱼的消化和抗氧化能力优于虹鳟。 相似文献
7.
温度和盐度胁迫下虹鳟和硬头鳟抗应激能力的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了查明虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)海上养殖抗应激能力的差异,本研究将虹鳟((52.14±7.22)g)和硬头鳟((54.38±6.32)g)幼鱼的环境介质从水温16℃、盐度30突降至温度(13、10和7℃)和盐度(27、24、21)的不同组合环境,在突变前(0h)和突变后2、6、12、24和48h采集幼鱼血清样品,分析其抗氧化酶活力、丙二醛(MDA)和皮质醇(COR)含量,比较虹鳟和硬头鳟应对温度、盐度胁迫时的抗应激能力。研究发现:胁迫开始后,虹鳟和硬头鳟幼鱼血清中抗氧化酶活力和MDA含量均呈现先上升后下降的趋势;在胁迫24h后,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力和MDA含量出现了回升;虹鳟血清COR含量始终上升,而硬头鳟血清COR含量到在胁迫后期开始下降。上述指标在胁迫过程中均显著高于对照组(P0.05),表明温度、盐度突变48h后虹鳟和硬头鳟幼鱼仍处于应激状态。温度和盐度的交互作用多出现在胁迫12h内,对虹鳟上述指标的影响明显(P0.05),对硬头鳟的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、CAT、GSH-PX、COR影响明显(P0.05);且硬头鳟血清CAT和GSH-PX活性显著高于虹鳟(P0.05),MDA和COR含量则显著低于虹鳟(P0.05)。而在温度、盐度无显著交互影响时,温度效应较盐度更加明显。本实验结果初步表明:海上养殖遭遇台风暴雨天气时,硬头鳟抗应激能力强于虹鳟。 相似文献
8.
在0、5、10、15、20、25和30这7个盐度下比较研究了初始体重分别为(3.55±0.03)g陆封型虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和(3.57±0.07)g溯河型硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的渗透压生理及能量平衡。40天的研究显示:(1)随盐度的升高虹鳟和硬头鳟的血清渗透压和离子浓度均升高,且S30组的数值显著高于其余各组(P0.05);在S15、S20、S25和S30组,虹鳟血清渗透压、离子浓度均显著高于硬头鳟(P0.05)。(2)虹鳟和硬头鳟分别在S5和S10组的Na+-K+-ATP酶(NKA)和Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATP酶(CMA)活性最低;在S10、S15、S20、S25和S30组,虹鳟的NKA和CMA均显著高于硬头鳟(P0.05)。(3)虹鳟和硬头鳟分别在S5和S10组的肌肉和鳃组织ATP含量最高;在S10、S15、S20和S25组,硬头鳟ATP均显著高于虹鳟(P0.05)。(4)虹鳟和硬头鳟分别在S5和S10组的肌肉和鳃组织AMP/ATP和ADP/ATP最低,在S10、S15、S20、S25和S30组,虹鳟AMP/ATP和ADP/ATP均显著高于硬头鳟(P0.05)。研究结果表明,3.6g左右硬头鳟渗透调节能力强于虹鳟,经过逐渐驯化它们最适生长盐度分别为10和5。 相似文献
9.
采用相关分析、通径分析和多元线性回归分析方法,分析了不同年龄组白斑红点鲑(Salvelinus leucomaenis)形态性状对体重的影响效果。统计分析表明:1龄组保留了对体重影响极显著的4个性状,其对体重的决定程度由大到小依次为体高体长尾柄长吻长,4个性状与体重的相关指数高达0.915,充分说明保留的性状是影响体重的主要形态性状;2龄组保留了体长和体高,体长高于体高对体重的决定程度,2个性状与体重的相关指数最高为0.99;3龄组保留了全长、体长、体高和吻长,对体重的决定程度由大到小依次为体高全长体长吻长,4个性状与体重的相关指数高达0.936。同时以体重为依变量(y),形态性状为自变量(x),分别建立了3个年龄组的最优多元回归方程,并且详细的分析了不同年龄组间的差异,该研究可为白斑红点鲑的选择育种提供坚实的理论依据。 相似文献
10.
长期下潜养殖的硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)会出现脊椎畸形,这与饲料中磷不足表现的症状相同。为查明饲料磷含量对下潜养殖硬头鳟生长和骨骼组成的影响,本实验设计了3种不同磷含量的饲料P1、P2、P3(磷含量分别为0.65%、1.40%、2.15%)和3种补气方式(对照组为不添加任何补气装置,网罩组为在水中增加网罩,补气组为在网罩组基础上在水中添加鱼鳔补气罩和气石),实验鱼的初始体质量为(75.01±1.36)g,养殖持续70 d。研究表明,随着饲料中磷含量的提高,硬头鳟的各项生长指标并未得到改善,反而均显著降低,高磷饲料(P3)导致硬头鳟的死亡率接近50%。在饲料的相同磷含量下,网罩组和补气组的骨骼灰分均显著高于对照组,说明长期下潜养殖导致硬头鳟骨骼矿化程度加深,且增设补气设备无法缓解这一现象。在本实验所设计饲料的磷含量范围内,未使其生长和骨骼发育状态得到恢复,表明长期下潜养殖的硬头鳟骨骼矿化程度的增加不是饲料中磷的缺乏或过量所导致的。 相似文献
11.
An unusually high mortality of eggs and fry of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) from Lake Taupo in 1966 was possibly caused by excessive exposure to DDT and its metabolites. The egg and fry mortality (44.6%), and DDT level in the fry (4.63 ppm), was compared with other similar cases of possible DDT poisoning in young salmonids, both in New Zealand and North America. Other possible adverse effects on young salmonids exposed to DDT were discussed. 相似文献
12.
The process of uptake, metabolism and eventual biliary excretion of xenobiotics by the teleost liver affords an opportunity for alteration within at least the following cells: sinusoidal endothelial, perisinoidal fat-storing (vitamin A-containing),1 hepatocytes and biliary epithelial (of preductules, ductules and intrahepatic ducts). Our understanding of the existence and role(s) in physiologic and pathobiologic phenomena of non-hepatocytic populations of cells in teleost liver has been hampered by the use of immersion fixation procedures obviating resolution and analysis of sinusoidal lining cells and by the subjective nature of light and electron micrographs. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively define the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, Richardson) liver. Computer-assisted morphometry2 was conducted on livers of actively spawning 5 year old male and female trout (Wytheville strain). 相似文献
13.
N. H. McCarter 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):551-559
The diet of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (S. gairdnerii) was studied in specimens from Lake Benmore, a deep, oligo‐trophic lake in South Island, New Zealand. Between November and July, both species fed mainly on small molluscs (Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Physa sp., and Gyraulus corinna) gleaned from the littoral weed beds. Energy values for the three species of mollusc were determined: P. antipodarum, 6000 J g‐1; G. corinna, 5500 J g‐1; Physa sp., 9800 J g‐1. Potamopyrgus antipodarum yielded little energy to the fish, unless its shell broke during passage through the gut. Physa sp. was the most profitable mollusc, irrespective of shell breakage and Potamopyrgus antipodanim the least profitable. The mean energy value per snail for G. corinna and Physa sp. eaten by rainbow trout was 25–30% less than for snails eaten by brown trout, possibly because rainbow trout ingested empty shells from the sediment surface. Rainbow trout extracted about 20% more energy than brown trout from unbroken shells. In July, 84% of the brown trout switched to predation of common bullies, Gobio‐morphus cotidianus, probably as a result of bully reproductive behaviour. Rainbow trout did not show the same change, apparently because they were feeding in deeper water where few bullies were available. The low‐energy diet and its possible connection with growth rate are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Jaime Fernando Gonzlez Renate Reimschuessel Badar Shaikh Andrew S. Kane 《Marine environmental research》2009,67(4-5):183-188
Hepatic microsomes and cytosols of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), hybrid striped bass (M. saxatilis × M. crysops), and bluegill (Lepomis macrochuris) (n = 8) were used to study the kinetics of phase I (ECOD, EROD, PROD, BROD) and phase II (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT)-, sulfotransferase (ST)- and glutathione-s-transferase (GST)-mediated) reactions. The best catalytic efficiency for ECOD and GST activities was performed by channel catfish, Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout and tilapia. The highest EROD catalytic efficiency was for Atlantic salmon. None of the species had either PROD or BROD activities. Rainbow trout had very similar UDPGT catalytic efficiency to tilapia, channel catfish, Atlantic salmon, largemouth bass and bluegill. Sulfotransferase conjugation had no significant differences among the species. In summary, tilapia, channel catfish, Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout had the best biotransforming capabilities; striped bass, hybrid striped bass and bluegill were low metabolizers and largemouth bass shared some capabilities with both groups. 相似文献
15.
From 12 rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) taken from each of three lakes (Rerewhakaaitu, Opouri and Okataina) in the Rotorua district, N.Z., samples of liver, skeletal muscle and, from mature fish, the gonads were examined for organochlorine insecticides. Lindane, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide were not detected in any of the samples. Traces of dieldrin were detected only in trout taken from Rerewhakaaitu Lake. In all fish examined, pp'‐DDT, pp’DDD and pp’‐DDE were detected in all three tissues. The highest concentrations were found in some of the ovaries of fish from Rerewhakaaitu Lake, the catchment area of which had been extensively topdressed with DDT. Although most of the catchment area of Lake Okataina had never been topdressed with DDT, fish from this lake contained small amounts of DDT and its metabolites. 相似文献
16.
T. L. Shaw 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):393-394
Median survival, 10% mortality, and 10% turnover times of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, were compared in solutions containing copper or cyanide ions. For all concentrations of poisons (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g.nr3 of copper as Cu2+ and 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 g.m3 of cyanide, as KCN), the times for turnover were the least. These were short enough (4.5–96 min) to be of use in monitoring waters which are being abstracted by water treatment plants; the method may be generally applicable for detection of gross forms of pollution by hazardous chemicals. 相似文献
17.
Nitroaromatic compounds frequently contaminate aquatic systems and may, therefore, impact fish. However, a known pathway of nitroaromatic toxicity in mammals, that of nitroaromatic stimulated superoxide (O2−) production, has yet to be addressed in fish. In this study we investigated this pathway in three species of freshwater fish-channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)-exposed to nitrofurantoin (NF), p-nitrobenzoic acid (PNBA) and m-dinitrobenzene (MDNB). Our results indicate that these nitroaromatics elicit a stimulation of O2− production by fish liver fractions. Additionally, results suggests a similarity between, fish and mammals in the nitroreductases which mediate nitroaromatic activation and subsequent O2− production. These findings indicate a potential toxic consequence of fish exposure to nitroaromatic contaminants in aquatic systems. 相似文献
18.
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, given intraperitoneally) alone and together with bleached kraft pulpmill effluents (BKME) on fish biotransformation reactions and testosterone levels in mature male rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). The results show extremely high induction in liver and kidney monooxygenase (PSMO) activities in 3 weeks caused by TCDD alone or TCDD together with BKME. BKME alone did not cause significant effects. 7-Pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity, previously shown to be an indicator of phenobarbital-type induction, was shown to be highly inducible by TCDD in fish. Plasma testosterone levels, although decreased in another subacute exposure to BKME, showed only slight changes due to TCDD and TCDD + BKME. 相似文献