共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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利用拉格朗日元法模拟了平面应变单轴压缩条件下具有初始随机材料缺陷的岩石试样的破坏过程、前兆和宏观力学响应.利用若干FISH函数于岩样内部规定初始缺陷并计算全部变形特征.比密实岩石弱的缺陷在破坏之后经历理想塑性行为.密实岩石在破坏之后先是经历线性应变软化行为,然后是理想塑性行为.随着缺陷数目的增加,剪切带间距缩小;岩样的强度下降.在应变软化阶段,最大不平衡力的明显的突增是由于被剪切带切割的试样块体发生了沿剪切带方向的运动.试样内部的缺陷数目越少,应变软化阶段最大不平衡力的峰值越高.无论从单元破坏角度,还是从侧向应变-轴向应变曲线、体积应变-轴向应变曲线、计算得到的泊松比-轴向应变曲线角度,都得到了相同的结论（即,缺陷越多,破坏前兆越明显）.采用两条倾斜的扫描线对岩样最终的破坏形态进行了扫描,发现当扫描线间距等于半个至1个单元长度时,初始随机缺陷位置与岩样最终破坏形态具有很好的相关性. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(4)
土体残余变形与孔隙压力的作用关系,是理解土体受荷力学响应行为的重要问题。利用室内静(动)三轴试验,获取天然黄土受载后的轴向残余变形、体积残余变形、孔隙气(水)压力变化的时程数据,研究残余变形和孔隙压力的对应关系,厘定残余变形对孔隙压力的控制作用。结果表明:轴向残余变形描述孔隙气(水)压力的响应过程及绝对量值时,具有局限性;孔隙气(水)压力的响应过程及成因具有一致性,与初始应力条件及加载形式无关;孔隙水压力的绝对量值对围压具有强依赖性,体积残余应变相同时水体对孔隙水压力绝对量值的贡献是气体对孔隙气压力的10倍。孔隙压力的响应过程及成因,取决于固相颗粒介质和气、水相介质之间的作用机理;其绝对量值,决定于气、水相介质的渗透性、压缩性等固有特性。 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2015,(4)
对石灰岩不同围压的三轴压缩过程进行微结构观察,发现:当平均应力与体积应变曲线偏离静水压力线时,岩样微结构产生颗粒之间胶结物破坏,颗粒挤紧,孔隙减小,导致应变硬化,达到剪切增强的压实阶段.继续加载较软的颗粒被挤碎,导致崩塌变软,岩样出现宏观软化现象;同时孔洞表面产生大量平行于最大主应力方向的裂纹,汇聚成核.在低围压(40 MPa)时,含天然缺陷的岩石中,观测到剪切带的产生,也会在局部缺陷处发生崩塌;随着围压的增加(150MPa),局部体积崩塌将逐步引发大面积的垮塌.对应岩石试件的屈服行为也由以剪切破坏机制为主,逐渐转变为以体积崩塌压缩机制为主,引起纵向应变迅速增加.当剪切增强压缩继续发展到C*′直到峰值应力前时产生颗粒破裂、移动或旋转,曲线出现转向,岩样发生体积膨胀,同时引起密集声发射活动.峰值应力后,微裂纹串联成裂纹簇开始剪切诱导岩样体积膨胀,导致应力降引起应变软化,同时产生剪切局部化.在没有无序性影响的压缩带发展和传播的数值模拟中,展示了压缩带由样品的上下端面向样品中部逐渐扩展的过程,与Bentheim砂岩切片图显示和AE监测结果是吻合的.通过微观与宏观实验结合的描述方法清楚地展现了剪切带、压缩带、膨胀带的产生机理以及压缩带的发展过程,这里压缩屈服过程即为帽盖模型的形成过程,它是近似椭圆的帽盖模型中的帽子部分. 相似文献
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利用FLAC,模拟了双轴压缩岩样的破坏过程及剪应力异常.在峰值强度之前及之后,岩石的本构模型分别取为线弹性及莫尔库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的应变软化模型.本文仅分析了3个具有较大应力降的周期的剪应力异常及塑性区分布.在第1及第2周期,剪破坏分别发生在试样的两侧及背景空区内部,前兆明显,地震属于断错型.在第3周期,背景空区之外的新剪切破裂带引起断错型地震;空区内部的老破裂带引起走滑型地震,未观测到前兆.在塑性区边缘,剪应力梯度较高.破裂带位置剪应力值反而较低.尽管在应力-应变曲线的软化阶段之前,不同单元的剪应力表现出千姿百态的复杂形态,但尚有规律可循.若几个单元都位于某条破裂带上,则剪应力的变化可能是同步的,或演变规律类似.鉴于原地复发地震类型可能不同,前兆将有差别. 相似文献
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水平地震作用下无锚固储罐应力与应变响应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在考虑地基与储罐相互作用的情况下,采用有限元法对储罐在水平地震荷载作用下的应力及应变反应进行了数值计算。对3×104m3和2×103m3罐壁应力及应变的分析结果表明:环向、轴向应力及应变的分布形式呈现出明显的下部大上部小的特点,在偏底部的位置出现应力和应变的峰值;储液罐在水平地震作用下“象足”变形是由纵向压应力达到屈曲临界应力导致的屈曲破坏,不是强度破坏,即破坏属于失稳破坏而非强度破坏。 相似文献
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佳木斯地震台DSQ水管倾斜仪对日本及日本海域地震的前兆反映 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大地震在主破裂前往往行成地壳变形,高应力作用下进入峰值后的变形阶段,常有大量介质破裂及裂隙间的粘滑产生,反映到地倾斜记录仪上,表现为固体潮形变异常。近年来不少研究者发现,远场前兆往往出现在对应力、应变变化反应灵敏的特殊构造部位。佳木斯地震台可能处于这种特殊的构造部位,其前兆异常对1000km以外的日本及日本海域的地震有明显短临前兆反映。 相似文献
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复杂应力条件下饱和松砂单调与循环剪切特性的比较研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文利用大连理工大学新引进与开发的“土工静力-动力液压-三轴扭转多功能剪切仪”,针对福建标准砂,在不排水条件下同时进行了单调剪切试验与循环剪切试验,进而对其进行了对比分析。通过比较表明,应力-应变关系的应变软化和硬化特性与流滑变形和循环流动特性密切相关,当循环剪切应力水平高于单调剪切过程中应变软化阶段最小强度时将会发生流滑变形。无论在单调剪切中,还是在循环剪切中,稳定状态时的有效偏应力比随着大主应力方向与竖向之间夹角的增大而减小,在中主应力系数相同的条件下,循环剪切中呈现显著剪胀时的有效偏应力比和最终稳定状态时的有效偏应力比峰值分别与单调剪切中达到相变状态时的有效偏应力比和最终稳定有效偏应力比基本上一致。然而不排水条件下单调与循环剪切过程中孔隙水压力的增长特性却并不相同,循环剪切中的最大孔隙水压力随着初始主应力方向角的增大而减小,单调剪切中的最大孔隙水压力却随着主应力方向角的增大而增大。 相似文献
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Shear-enhanced compaction during non-linear viscous creep of porous calcite-quartz aggregates 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, we extend the previous studies of semi-brittle flow of synthetic calcite-quartz aggregates to a range of temperatures and effective pressures where viscous creep occurs. Triaxial deformation experiments were performed on hot-pressed calcite-quartz aggregates containing 10, 20 and 30 wt% quartz at confining pressure of 300 MPa, pore pressures of 50-290 MPa, temperatures of 673-1073 K and strain rates of 3.0×10−5/s, 8.3×10−5/s and 3.0×10−4/s. Starting porosity varied from 5 to 9%. We made axial and volumetric strain measurements during the mechanical tests. Pore volume change was measured by monitoring the volume of pore fluid that flows out of or into the specimen at constant pore pressure. Yield stress increased with decreasing porosity and showed a dependence on effective pressure. Thus, the yield stress versus effective pressure can be described as a yield surface with negative slope that expands with decreasing porosity and increasing strain hardening, gradually approaching the envelope of strength at 10% strain, which has a positive slope. Creep of porous rock can be modeled to first order as an isolated equivalent void in an incompressible nonlinear viscous matrix. An incremental method is used to calculate the stress-strain curve of the porous material under a constant external strain rate. The numerical simulations reproduce general trends of the deformation behavior of the porous rock, such as the yield stress decreasing with increasing effective pressure and significant strain hardening at high effective pressure. The drop of yield stress with increasing porosity is modeled well, and so is the volumetric strain rate, which increases with increasing porosity. 相似文献
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利用FLAC模拟了不同围压条件下圆形巷道的岩爆过程。为了模拟巷道开挖,利用编写的FISH函数删除巷道内部的单元。岩石服从摩尔库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的破坏准则,破坏之后呈现应变软化-理想塑性行为。模拟结果表明：当围压较低时,剪切应变集中区域呈圆环状,围岩能保持稳定,不出现剪切带;当围压增加到一定程度时,围岩中出现了“狗耳”形的V形坑,发生岩爆,但围岩也还能保持稳定;当围压进一步增加时,围岩中出现了多条狭长的剪切带,巷道的整个断面均遭到了破坏,发生强烈的岩爆。随着围压的增加,V形岩爆坑变大、变深,剪切带花样的对称性变差;在高围压时,剪切带花样与塑性力学中的滑移线网有类似之处。 相似文献
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利用FLAC模拟了不同水平方向压力（小于竖直方向压力）及岩石峰后不同脆性条件下的圆形巷道破坏过程。岩石服从莫尔-库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的破坏准则,破坏之后呈现应变软化-理想塑性行为。监测了模型中第1象限对角线上的单元环向应力分布及演化规律。根据徐林生和王兰生提出的环向应力岩爆判据,判断模型中各单元是否发生岩爆。模拟结果表明：当竖直方向压力一定时,随着水平方向压力的增加,V形坑的顶点和巷道中心的连线与模型水平轴的夹角,由小于45°向接近45°发展;同时,巷道围岩中发生破坏的单元数及发生岩爆的单元数均增加,环向应力的峰值增大。随着岩石峰后脆性的增强,剪切带趋于明显,容易汇合形成V形坑;同时,巷道围岩中发生破坏的单元数及发生岩爆的单元数均增加,环向应力的峰值向围岩内部移动。 相似文献
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The effect of plastic fines on the pore pressure generation characteristics of saturated sands 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Mehdi Derakhshandi Ellen M. Rathje Kenan Hazirbaba S.M. Mirhosseini 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(5):376-386
Pore water pressure generation during earthquake shaking initiates liquefaction and affects the shear strength, shear stiffness, deformation, and settlement characteristics of soil deposits. The effect of plastic fines (kaolinite) on pore pressure generation in saturated sands was studied through strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests. In addition to pore pressure generation, this experimental study also focused on evaluating the threshold shear strain for pore pressure generation and the volumetric compressibility of specimens during pore pressure dissipation. The results reveal that specimens having up to 20% plastic fines content generated larger values of pore water pressure than clean sand specimens. At 30% fines content, the excess pore water pressure decreased below that of clean sand. The threshold shear strain, which indicates the strain level above which pore pressures begin to generate, was assessed for different kaolinite–sand mixtures. The threshold shear strain was similar for 0–20% fines (γt0.006–0.008%), but increased to about 0.025% for 30% fines. The volumetric compressibility, measured after pore pressure generation, was similar for all specimens. The transition of behavior at fines contents between 20% and 30% can be attributed to a change in the soil structure from one dominated by sand grains to one dominated by fines. 相似文献
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采用连续介质快速拉格朗日分析程序（FLAC）,模拟了颗粒体材料在压缩位移控制加载条件下的力学行为及破坏过程。颗粒及它们之间的界面被离散为尺寸相同的单元。颗粒被视为各向同性的弹性材料,而界面被视为弹性-应变软化-理想塑性材料。界面完全破坏之后,其内聚力为零而内摩擦角不为零,因而适于模拟颗粒之间的摩擦行为。在双轴压缩条件下的计算结果表明,压应力通过颗粒之间的接触,以应力线的方式在试样的垂直方向上传递,最终形成了清晰、有序的图案,而剪切应变增量的高值区主要位于一些界面上。从剪切应变增量的高值区中能发现试样中的最薄弱环节。此外,还研究了试样两侧的压应力、界面的初始内聚力及内摩擦角对试样的应力—时步曲线的影响。 相似文献
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J. Heiland 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2003,160(5-6):889-908
— The influence of differential stress on the permeability of a Lower Permian sandstone was investigated. Rock cylinders of 50 mm in diameter and 100 mm length of a fine-grained (mean grain size 0.2 mm), low-porosity (6–9%) sandstone were used to study the relation between differential stress, rock deformation, rock failure and hydraulic properties, with a focus on the changes of hydraulic properties in the pre-failure and failure region of triaxial rock deformation. The experiments were conducted at confining pressures up to 20 MPa, and axial force was controlled by lateral strain with a rate ranging from 10?6 to 10?7 sec?1. While deforming the samples, permeability was determined by steady-state technique with a pressure gradient of 1 MPa over the specimen length and a fluid pressure level between 40 and 90% of the confining pressure. The results show that permeability of low-porosity sandstones under increasing triaxial stress firstly decreases due to compaction and starts to increase after the onset of dilatancy. This kind of permeability evolution is similar to that of crystalline rocks. A significant dependence of permeability evolution on strain rate was found. Comparison of permeability to volumetric strain demonstrates that the permeability increase after the onset of dilatancy is not sufficient to regain the initial permeability up to failure of the specimen. The initial permeability, which was determined in advance of the experiments, usually was regained in the post-failure region. After the onset of dilatancy, the permeability increase displays a linear dependence on volumetric strain. 相似文献
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不同强度岩石中开挖圆形巷道的局部化过程模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用FLAC模拟了不同粘聚力条件下圆形巷道的局部化过程。为了模拟巷道开挖,利用编写的F ISH函数删除巷道内部的单元。岩石服从莫尔库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的破坏准则,破坏之后呈现应变软化-理想塑性行为。文中模拟分为3步：首先,将静水压力施加在模型上,直到达到静力平衡状态;然后,利用编写的F ISH函数开挖巷道;最后,计算重新开始,直到达到静力平衡状态或者塑性流动状态。模拟结果表明,随着粘聚力的降低,巷道围岩的破坏模式首先由孔壁附近零星单元的破坏向4个对称的小V形坑式剪切破坏转变,然后由包含若干小V形坑的大V形坑式剪切破坏向巷道全断面的破坏转变。前三者破坏发生后,巷道围岩仍然能保持稳定。与最大塑性拉伸应变相比,最大剪切应变增量、最大塑性剪切应变要高得多;最大剪切应变增量、最大塑性剪切应变相差不大;随着粘聚力的增加,三者均越来越小。 相似文献