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1.
Garnets from the Zermatt-Saas Fee eclogites contain narrow central peaks for Lu + Yb + Tm ± Er and at least one additional small peak towards the rim. The REE Sm + Eu + Gd + Tb ± Dy are depleted in the cores but show one prominent peak close to the rim. These patterns cannot be modeled using Rayleigh fractionation accompanied by mineral breakdown reactions. Instead, the patterns are well explained using a transient matrix diffusion model where REE uptake is limited by diffusion in the matrix surrounding the porphyroblast. Observed profiles are well matched if a roughly linear radius growth rate is used. The secondary peaks in the garnet profiles are interpreted to reflect thermally activated diffusion due to temperature increase during prograde metamorphism. The model predicts anomalously low 176Lu/177Hf and 147Sm/144Nd ratios in garnets where growth rates are fast compared to diffusion of the REE, and these results have important implications for Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd geochronology using garnet.  相似文献   

2.
The objective of this study is to provide insights into the REE and Y behavior during garnet porphyroblast formation in staurolite-bearing schists as a constituent of Late Paleoproterozoic metapelites of the Ladoga Complex. The MnNCKFMASH P–T pseudosection for a single sample and Grt–Bt thermometry indicate that the garnet core grew at 520°C and under 7.0–7.2 kbar in the Grt–Bt–Pl–Chl–Ms–Zo field, whereas the garnet rim was equilibrated at 590–600°C and under 3.5–4.0 kbar. The measured zoning profiles are strongly depleted in REE + Y in the garnet core containing high Mn and Ca concentrations. The intermediate zone of garnet is enriched in La, Ce, Pr, and Nd (inner LREE + Nd annulus), as well as in Dy, Er, Yb, Lu, and Y (outer HREE + Y + Dy annulus). According to pseudosection analysis, these peaks were probably produced owing to breakdown of epidote-group minerals (allanite, REE-rich epidote) at T < 535°C and P > 6.5 kbar. Towards the rim, the HREE + Y contents gradually decrease, whereas MREE (Sm, Eu, Gd) display an inverse trend. The rim also exhibits a negative Eu anomaly. The former tendency reflects an increase in temperature during garnet crystallization and partitioning of elements between garnet and monazite. It is thought that the latter is linked to oppositely directed change in garnet-monazite partition coefficients for HREE and MREE with increasing temperature.  相似文献   

3.
Garnets from skarns in the Beinn an Dubhaich granite aureole,Isle of Skye, Scotland, have a large range of concentrationsof uranium (0·2–358 ppm) and the rare earth elements(REE) (23–4724 ppm). Variations in these concentrationscorrelate with major element zonation within the garnets, andwith changes in the shape of REE patterns. Typical patternsin most garnets display light REE (LREE) enrichment, flat heavyREE (HREE) distribution and a negative Eu anomaly. These patternsare interpreted to represent equilibrium trace element exchangebetween pre-existing pyroxene, hydrothermal fluid and calcicgarnets. Iron-rich zones are characterized by positive Eu anomaliesand an increase in the abundance of the LREE relative to theHREE. These patterns are interpreted as resulting from changesin REE speciation related to the introduction of externallybuffered fluid to the skarn system. Relatively Fe-poor zonesshow strongly HREE-enriched patterns with negative Eu anomaliesand in some instances depletions in Y relative to Ho and Dy,which are interpreted as resulting from surface sorption ofthe REE during rapid, disequilibrium garnet growth. Strong correlationsbetween U abundance and the REE patterns indicate that the sameprocesses have affected U distribution. Both types of patterncan be modified by the effects of closed-system crystallizationon REE abundance in the fluid, and changes in fluid major elementchemistry. KEY WORDS: fractionation; garnet; hydrothermal; rare earth elements; skarn  相似文献   

4.
Metamorphic and magmatic garnets are known to fractionate REE, with generally HREE-enriched patterns, and high Lu/Hf and Sm/Nd ratios, making them very useful as geochemical tracers and in geochronological studies. However, these garnets are typically Al-rich (pyrope, almandine, spessartine, and grossular) and little is known about garnets with a more andraditic (Fe3+) composition, as frequently found in skarn systems. This paper presents LA-ICP-MS data for garnets from the Crown Jewel Au-skarn deposit (USA), discusses the factors controlling incorporation of REE into garnets, and strengthens the potential of garnet REE geochemistry as a tool to help understand the evolution of metasomatic fluids.Garnets from the Crown Jewel deposit range from Adr30Grs70 to almost pure andradite (Adr>99). Fe-rich garnets (Adr>90) are isotropic, whereas Al-rich garnets deviate from cubic symmetry and are anisotropic, often showing sectorial dodecahedral twinning. All garnets are extremely LILE-depleted, Ta, Hf, and Th and reveal a positive correlation of ΣREE3+ with Al content. The Al-rich garnets are relatively enriched in Y, Zr, and Sc and show “typical” HREE-enriched and LREE-depleted patterns with small Eu anomalies. Fe-rich garnets (Adr>90) have much lower ΣREE and exhibit LREE-enriched and HREE-depleted patterns, with a strong positive Eu anomaly. Incorporation of REE into garnet is in part controlled by its crystal chemistry, with REE3+ following a coupled, YAG-type substitution mechanism , whereas Eu2+ substitutes for X2+ cations. Thermodynamic data (e.g., Hmixing) in grossular-andradite mixtures suggest preferential incorporation of HREE in grossular and LREE in more andraditic compositions.Variations in textural and optical features and in garnet geochemistry are largely controlled by external factors, such as fluid composition, W/R ratios, mineral growth kinetics, and metasomatism dynamics, suggesting an overall system that shifts dynamically between internally and externally buffered fluid chemistry driven by fracturing. Al-rich garnets formed by diffusive metasomatism, at low W/R ratios, from host-rock buffered metasomatic fluids. Fe-rich garnets grow rapidly by advective metasomatism, at higher W/R ratios, from magmatic-derived fluids, consistent with an increase in porosity by fracturing.  相似文献   

5.
在研究区域地质背景基础上,分析了金红铅锌矿区赋矿地层及控矿断裂构造岩的稀土元素组成特征.按其特征和配分模式得知：赋矿白云岩属于LREE富集-HREE平坦型,轻重稀土分馏程度都较高,Eu异常差异明显,Ce异常差异较大,（La/Yb）N、（La/Sm）N和（Gd/Yb）N值具有一定的差异;断裂构造岩属于LREE富集-HREE平坦型,轻重稀土分馏程度都较高,Eu异常差异微弱,Ce异常差异明显,（La/Yb）N、（La/Sm）N和（Gd/Yb）N值比较相似.以上特征可作为成矿预测的微观标志.  相似文献   

6.
 Diamond-bearing eclogites are an important component of the xenoliths that occur in the Mir kimberlite, Siberian platform, Russia. We have studied 16 of these eclogite xenoliths, which are characterized by coarse-grained, equigranular garnet and omphacite. On the basis of compositional variations in garnet and clinopyroxene, this suite of eclogites can be divided into at least two groups: a high-Ca group and a low-Ca group. The high-Ca group consists of high-Ca garnets in equilibrium with pyroxenes that have high Ca-ratios [Ca/(Ca+Fe+Mg)] and high jadeite contents. These high-Ca group samples have high modal% garnet, and garnet grains often are zoned. Garnet patches along rims and along amphibole- and phlogopite-filled veins have higher Mg and lower Ca contents compared to homogeneous cores. The low-Ca group consists of eclogites with low-Ca garnets in equilibrium with pyroxenes with a low Ca-ratio, but variable jadeite contents. These low-Ca group samples typically have low modal% of garnet, and garnets are rarely compositionally zoned. Three samples have mineralogic compositions and modes transitional to the high- and low-Ca groups. We have arbitrarily designated these samples as the intermediate-Ca group. The rare-earth-element (REE) contents of garnet and clinopyroxene have been determined by ion microprobe. Garnets from the low-Ca group have low LREE contents and typically have [Dy/Yb]n < 1. The high-Ca group garnets have higher LREE contents and typically have [Dy/Yb]n > 1. Garnets from the intermediate-Ca group have REE contents between the high- and low-Ca groups. Clinopyroxenes from the low-Ca group have convex-upward REE patterns with relatively high REE contents (ten times chondrite), whereas those from the high-Ca group have similar convex-upward shapes, but lower REE contents, approximately chondritic. Reconstructed bulk-rock REE patterns for the low-Ca group eclogites are relatively flat at approximately ten times chondrite. In contrast, the high-Ca group samples typically have LREE-depleted patterns and lower REE contents. The δ18O values measured for garnet separates range from 7.2 to 3.1‰. Although there is a broad overlap of δ18O between the low-Ca and high-Ca groups, the low-Ca group samples range from mantle-like to high δ18O values (4.9 to 7.2‰), and the high-Ca group garnets range from mantle-like to low δ18O values (5.3 to 3.1‰). The oxygen isotopic compositions of two of the five high-Ca group samples and four of the eight low-Ca group eclogites are consistent with seawater alteration of basaltic crust, with the low-Ca group eclogites representative of low-temperature alteration, and the high-Ca group samples representative of high-temperature hydrothermal seawater alteration. We interpret the differences between the low- and high-Ca group samples to be primarily a result of differences in the protoliths of these samples. The high-Ca group eclogites are interpreted to have protoliths similar to the mid to lower sections of an ophiolite complex. This section of oceanic crust would be dominated by rocks which have a significant cumulate component and would have experienced high-temperature seawater alteration. Such cumulate rocks probably would be LREE-depleted, and can be Ca-rich because of plagioclase or clinopyroxene accumulation. The protoliths of the low-Ca group eclogites are interpreted to be the upper section of an ophiolite complex. This section of oceanic crust would consist mainly of extrusive basalts that would have been altered by seawater at low temperatures. These basaltic lavas would probably have relatively flat REE patterns, as seen for the low-Ca group eclogites. Received: 10 July 1995 / Accepted: 17 May 1996  相似文献   

7.
Eclogites are often the only tangible high-pressure evidence we have from a paleosubduction zone, and they potentially preserve important geochemical information from the descending slab. Selected Group B/C eclogites and metapelites from the Trescolmen locality in the Adula nappe in the central Swiss Alps were chosen for a detailed investigation to determine oxygen isotope ratios and major- and trace-element compositions of the main rock-forming minerals. Complex major-element zonation patterns in garnet porphyroblasts indicate a pre-Alpine, medium-pressure growth history coupled with a high-pressure modification during the Alpine orogeny. Garnet REE patterns are notably HREE depleted in rim regions, with high overall REE content, particularly in the cores of grains. Omphacites are relatively homogenous in major elements, and show LREE- and HREE-depleted patterns, but with overall abundances of REEs lower than in garnets. These patterns are best explained by partitioning of the HREEs into garnet and the LREEs into zoisite. Oxygen-isotope systematics indicate limited fluid flow in eclogites and surrounding metapelites. δ18O values of quartz and garnet at the interface between eclogites and metapelites are indistinguishable and point to fluid exchange. Oxygen equilibrium conditions among rock-forming minerals, particularly between quartz and garnet in eclogites and metapelites, were reached, and fractionation indicates temperatures of ～600°C. The δ18O of unaltered eclogites (5.5 to 7.5 ‰) suggests a basaltic, MORB-type protolith.  相似文献   

8.
ABSTRACT

Three kinds of multicomponent diffusion effects, arising from three distinct physical mechanisms, are evident in stranded diffusion profiles at the rims of partially resorbed garnets from the contact aureole of the Makhavinekh Lake Pluton, northern Labrador. Profiles that display a subtle maximum in Ca concentration are explained by the prevailing ideal mean-field theory of multicomponent diffusion, but models implementing that theory cannot replicate inverted profiles for Li and internal maxima for Nd, Sm, and Eu. The anomalous profiles are quantitatively reproduced, however, by numerical simulations employing a model based on coupled movement of charge-compensating groups during diffusional transport of yttrium and the rare-earth elements (Y+REEs). An alkali-type charge-compensation mechanism for the heterovalent substitution of Y+REEs on dodecahedral sites in garnet produces direct charge coupling between Li+ and (Y+REE)3+ and leads to co-diffusion of Li+-(Y+REE)3+ pairs, with the result that Li profiles closely mimic those for Y+REEs. A menzerite-type charge-compensation mechanism produces indirect charge coupling among all Y+REE components, with the result that the fluxes of low-abundance REEs become partly dependent on the fluxes of Y+REEs present in higher abundance. These findings have implications for the robustness of Li profiles in garnet as monitors of fluid–rock interaction, for geochronology based on the Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf systems, and for future experimental attempts to quantify rates of diffusion in garnet.  相似文献   

9.
Garnet-rich rocks occur throughout the Proterozoic southern Curnamona Province, Australia, where they are, in places, spatially related to Broken Hill-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposits. Fine-scale bedding in these rocks, their conformable relationship with enclosing metasedimentary rocks, and their enrichment in Mn and Fe suggest that they are metamorphosed chemical precipitates. They formed on the floor of a 1.69?Ga continental rift basin from hydrothermal fluids mixed with seawater and detritus. Garnet in garnet-quartz and garnet-amphibole rocks is generally light rare earth element (LREE) depleted, and has flat heavy REE (HREE) enriched chondrite-normalized REE patterns, and negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*?<?1). Garnet in garnet-rich rocks from the giant Broken Hill deposit has similar REE patterns and either positive (Eu/Eu*?>?1) or negative Eu anomalies. Manganese- and Mn-Ca-rich, Fe-poor garnets in garnetite, garnet-hedenbergite, and garnet-cummingtonite rocks at Broken Hill have Eu/Eu*?>?1, whereas garnet in Mn-poor, Fe-rich quartz garnetite and quartz-garnet-gahnite rocks from Broken Hill, and quartz garnetite from other locations have Eu/Eu*?<?1. The REE patterns of garnet and its host rock and interelement correlations among REEs and major element contents in garnet and its host rock indicate that the Eu anomaly in garnet reflects that of its host rock and is related to the major element composition of garnet and its host rock. The value of Eu/Eu* in garnet is related to its Mn, Fe, and Ca content and that of its host rock, and the distribution of REEs among garnet and accessory phases (e.g., feldspar). Positive Eu anomalies reflect high amounts of Eu that was preferentially incorporated into Mn- and Mn-Ca-rich oxides and carbonates in the protolith. In contrast, Eu/Eu*?<?1 indicates the preferential discrimination against Eu by Fe-rich, Mn-poor precursor minerals. Precursors to Mn-rich garnets at Broken Hill formed by precipitation from cooler and more oxidized hydrothermal fluids compared to those that formed precursors to Mn-poor, Fe-rich garnet at Broken Hill and the other locations. Garnet from the Broken Hill deposit is enriched in Zn (> 400?ppm), Cr (> 140?ppm), and Eu (up to 6?ppm and positive Eu anomalies), and depleted in Co, Ti, and Y compared to garnet in garnet-rich rocks from other localities. These values, as well as MnO contents ?>?15 wt. % and Eu/Eu*?>?1 are only found at the Broken Hill deposit and are good indicators of the presence of Broken Hill-type mineralization.  相似文献   

10.
Igneous garnets have the potential to strongly fractionate rare earth elements (REE). Yet informations on partition coefficients are very scant, and criteria for distinguishing between hydrothermal and magmatic garnets are ambiguous. To fill this gap, we present trace element and isotopic data for two types of Ca-rich garnets from phonolites (Mt. Somma-Vesuvius). Both Ca-garnet populations are different in their style and dynamics of fractionation: one population is progressively strongly depleted in HREE from core to rim, reflecting REE fractionation in the host phonolite via earlier-crystallized garnets. Such examples for extreme changes in HREE in garnets are only known for hydrothermal grandites by REE-bearing fluids. The second garnet population is homogeneous and formed in a closed system. Near-flat patterns between Sm and Lu confirm experimental data indicating lower D(Sm)/D(Lu) for Ca-rich garnets than for e.g. pyrope-rich garnets. It follows: D Grt/PhMelt for La = 0.5, Sm = 48 and Yb = 110.  相似文献   

11.
文中对浪都矿床夕卡岩中石榴子石进行了主量和稀土元素研究。分析结果表明研究区石榴子石为钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石固溶体系列,成分变化于Ad_(87)Gr_(13)-Ad_(92)Gr_8之间,以钙铁榴石为主。与世界上很多夕卡岩矿床中石榴子石REE配分模式截然不同,研究区石榴子石稀土元素总量较低、配分模式表现为轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,并且具有明显的Eu正异常。研究显示,浪都矿床钙铁榴石是在水/岩比值较高的环境下快速形成,其与流体之间并没有完全达到REE平衡。岩浆热液中REE的配分模式、表面吸附可能为制约石榴子石REE含量及配分模式的主要因素。Eu~(2+)(r=1.25 A)与其他REE~(3+)相比具有更大的离子半径,更容易被吸附在石榴子石晶体表面,可能是形成浪都矿床中石榴子石Eu正异常的主要原因。  相似文献   

12.
Rare earth element zonation in Pacific ferromanganese nodules   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The lower surfaces of ferromanganese nodules from the north equatorial Pacific Ocean, which are enriched in Mn, Cu and Ni, and the upper surfaces, which are enriched in Fe, P and Co, have been analyzed for La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er and Yb. The REE contents are lower and the Ce anomaly is smaller in the lower surfaces than in the upper surfaces. The magnitude of the Ce anomaly increases with decreasing MnFe ratio, indicative of a seawater origin. The zonal distribution of the other REE supports the conclusion derived previously from inter-nodule and nodule/sediment relationships that diagenetic fixation of rare earths in sediments affects their enrichment by nodular iron oxyhydroxides.  相似文献   

13.
对安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜矿石榴石的地球化学特征进行了研究,并进行了成因探讨。野外调查及镜下观察发现,冬瓜山铜矿石榴石分为两期形成,第Ⅰ期石榴石环带发育,颜色较深,呈褐-棕黄色;第Ⅱ期石榴石呈他形-半自形穿切Ⅰ期,颜色较浅,呈浅黄-蜡白色,具非均质性。石榴石主量、稀土元素的等离子光谱(LA-ICP-MS)分析结果显示这两期石榴石有较大差别:第Ⅰ期石榴石钙铁榴石组分含量较高,可达94.14%,稀土元素配分模式为轻稀土元素富集、Eu正异常的右倾曲线;第Ⅱ期石榴石则相对富铝,钙铝榴石组分含量达44.06%,稀土元素配分模式为重稀土元素略微富集、Eu负异常的平缓曲线。这些特征表明,第Ⅰ期石榴石为岩浆成因,形成于较氧化环境;第Ⅱ期石榴石为热液交代成因,形成于较还原环境。  相似文献   

14.
A large variety of barites collected from marine and continental environments was analyzed by neutron activation for the rare-earth elements (REE) La, Ce, Sm, Eu and Dy. Relative to chondrites, all barites show a decrease of the lighter REE from La toward Eu. The abundance and distribution of rare earths in barites show a distinction of barite types. Deep-sea barites have large REE concentrations as do other authigenic deep-sea minerals and display the chondrite normalized Eu minimum, but not the negative Ce anomaly, of sea water. Other barites, mostly on land, some hydrothermal, and others of shallow marine origin, display lower total Ree concentrations. Chondrite normalized positive Eu anomalies are displayed by those varieties of reducing sedimentary and metamorphic origin.Distribution of REE in barite can be attributed both to crystallographic constraints of substitution, and to solution complexing of REE in the precipitating medium. Plots of rare earth partitioning versus effective ion size suggest that the decreasing enrichment toward Eu for all barite types is caused by crystallographic constraints due to contraction of the substituting REE ion sizes relative to the size of the host Ba ion. Solution effects on REE substitution in barite can be evaluated by writing solid solution distribution equations based on mass action of REE and Ba sulfates and the lanthanide (Ln) solution species Ln (CO3)?54), LnSO+4, LnCl+2 and LnF+2. Under normal sea water conditions, solution complexing plays a minor role. However, increased alkalinities of reducing sediments and increased brine chlorinities could cause significant complexing and deplete REE heavier than Eu. Besides Dy in barites, this could be true for aqueous precipitation of REE in general.  相似文献   

15.
Grossular-andradite (grandite) garnets, precipitated from hydrothermal solutions is associated with contact metamorphism in the Kal-e Kafi skarn show complex oscillatory chemical zonation. These skarn garnets preserve the records of the temporal evolution of contact metasomatism. According to microscopic studies and microprobe analysis profiles, the studied garnet has two distinct parts: the intermediate (granditic) composition birefringent core that its andradite content based on microprobe analysis varies between 0.68–0.7. This part is superimposed with more andraditic composition, and the isotropic rim which its andradite content regarding microprobe analysis ranges between 0.83–0.99. Garnets in the studied sample are small (0.5–2 mm in diameter) and show complex oscillatory zoning. Electron microprobe analyses of the oscillatory zoning in grandite garnet of the Kal-e Kafi area showed a fluctuation in chemical composition. The grandite garnets normally display core with intermediate composition with oscillatory Fe-rich zones at the rim. Detailed study of oscillatory zoning in grandite garnet from Kal-e Kafi area suggests that the garnet has developed during early metasomatism involving monzonite to monzodiorite granitoid body intrusion into the Anarak schist- marble interlayers. During this metasomatic event, Al, Fe, and Si in the fluid have reacted with Ca in carbonate rocks to form grandite garnet. The first step of garnet growth has been coeval with intrusion of the Kal-e Kafi granitoid into the Anarak schist- marble interlayers. In this period of garnet growth, change in fluid composition may cause the garnet to stop growing temporarily or keep growing but in a much slower rate allowing Al to precipitate rather than Fe. The next step consists of pervasive infiltration of Fe rich fluids and Fe rich grandite garnets formation as the rim of previously formed more Al rich garnets. Oscillatory zoning in the garnet probably reflects an oscillatory change in the fluid composition which may be internally and/or externally controlled. The rare earth elements study of these garnets revealed enrichment in light REEs (LREE) with a maximum at Pr and Nd and a negative to no Eu anomaly. This pattern is resulted from the uptake of REE out of hydrothermal fluids by growing crystals of calcsilicate minerals principally andradite with amounts of LREE controlled by the difference in ionic radius between Ca++ and REE3+ in garnet x site.  相似文献   

16.
REE and other trace elements in the altered marbles, massive skarns and ores, as well as garnet and quartz were determined in order to examine the behaviors of trace elements during hydrothermal alteration. It is demonstrated that the high-field-strength (HFS) elements Zr, Hf, Th and Nb were immobile while other trace elements were mobile during the formation of skarns and related deposits. REE and ore-forming elements such as Cu and Ag in hydrothermally-altered marbles and skarns were provided primarily by hydrothermal fluids. In the direction transverse of the strata, the more deeply the marbles were altered, the higher the total REE abundance and the larger the negative Eu anomalies would be. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of skarns are similar to those of the marbles, but the former are distinguished by much higher REE contents and more remarkable negative Eu anomalies. Those patterns were apparently not inherited from the marble protolith, but were controlled by garnets, which were determine  相似文献   

17.
A detailed survey of REE distribution in the xenotime and florencite paragenetic association from quartz veins of Au-REE mineral occurrences of the Nether-Polar Urals revealed maximum contents of Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, and Y. Four of these elements form their own minerals: florencite-(Ce), -(Nd), and -(Sm) and xenotime-(Y) containing up to 25% Gd2O3. The compositions of the minerals are isomorphous mixtures of two different groups: Ybpg (Y, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Nd, and As) and Gdpg (Gd, Tb, Dy, Eu, and Sm) in xenotime and Lapg (La, Ce, Pr, Eu, and As) and Smpg (Nd, Sm, Gd, Sr, Ca, and S) in florencite. Both minerals display strong heterogeneities in the distribution of isomorphous components and two types of zoning, oscillatory and trend. The crystal cores are enriched in HREE. Variations in the composition of isomorphous mixtures are accompanied by a change in the dominant crystal forms of florencite. Redeposited varieties are distinguished by homogeneous composition, the absence of impurities, and weak correlations between elements. The REE fractionation is interpreted in terms of quantum mechanics.  相似文献   

18.
This paper presents new major and trace element data from 150 garnet xenocrysts from the V. Grib kimberlite pipe located in the central part of the Arkhangelsk diamondiferous province (ADP). Based on the concentrations of Cr2O3, CaO, TiO2 and rare earth elements (REE) the garnets were divided into seven groups: (1) lherzolitic “depleted” garnets (“Lz 1”), (2) lherzolitic garnets with normal REE patterns (“Lz 2”), (3) lherzolitic garnets with weakly sinusoidal REE patterns (“Lz 3”), (4) lherzolitic garnets with strongly sinusoidal REE patterns (“Lz 4”), (5) harzburgitic garnets with sinusoidal REE patterns (“Hz”), (6) wehrlitic garnets with weakly sinusoidal REE patterns (“W”), (7) garnets of megacryst paragenesis with normal REE patterns (“Meg”). Detailed mineralogical and geochemical garnet studies and modeling results suggest several stages of mantle metasomatism influenced by carbonatite and silicate melts. Carbonatitic metasomatism at the first stage resulted in refertilization of the lithospheric mantle, which is evidenced by a nearly vertical CaO-Cr2O3 trend from harzburgitic (“Hz”) to lherzolitic (“Lz 4”) garnet composition. Harzburgitic garnets (“Hz”) have probably been formed by interactions between carbonatite melts and exsolved garnets in high-degree melt extraction residues. At the second stage of metasomatism, garnets with weakly sinusoidal REE patterns (“Lz 3”, “W”) were affected by a silicate melt possessing a REE composition similar to that of ADP alkaline mica-poor picrites. At the last stage, the garnets interacted with basaltic melts, which resulted in the decrease CaO-Cr2O3 trend of “Lz 2” garnet composition. Cr-poor garnets of megacryst paragenesis (“Meg”) could crystallize directly from the silicate melt which has a REE composition close to that of ADP alkaline mica-poor picrites. P-T estimates of the garnet xenocrysts indicate that the interval of ～60–110 km of the lithospheric mantle beneath the V. Grib pipe was predominantly affected by the silicate melts, whereas the lithospheric mantle deeper than 150 km was influenced by the carbonatite melts.  相似文献   

19.
Partition coefficients for the rare earth elements (REE) Ce, Sm and Tm between coexisting garnets and hydrous liquids have been determined at high pressure and temperatures (30 kbar and 1300 and 1500°C). Two synthetic systems were studied, Mg3Al2Si3O12-H2O and Ca3Al2Si3O12-H2O, in addition to a natural pyrope-bearing system.Deviations from Henry's Law behaviour occur at geologically relevant REE concentrations. At concentrations < 3 ppm Ce, < 12 ppm Sm, < 80 ppm Tm in pyrope and < 100 ppm Ce, < 250 ppm Sm, < 1000 ppm Tm in grossular (at 30 kbar and 1300°C), Dgarnet liquidREE increases as the REE concentration in the garnet decreases. At higher concentrations, DREE is constant. Dgrossular liquidREE also constant when the garnet contains less than about 2 ppm Sm or Tm. The REE concentration at which DREE becomes constant increases with increasing temperature, decreasing REE ionic radius and increasing Ca content of the garnet.Partitioning behaviour of Ce, Sm and Tm between a natural pyrope-rich garnet and hydrous liquid is analogous to that in the synthetic systems and substantiates the substitution model proposed by Harrison and Wood (1980).Values of DREEgarnet/liquid for which Henry's Law is obeyed are systematically higher for grossular than for pyrope (Dpyrope/liquid = 0.067(Ce), 0.108(Sm), 0.155(Tm) and Dgrossular/Liquid = 0.65(Ce), 0.75(Sm), 4.55(Tm).The implications of non-Henry's Law partitioning of REE for models of basalt petrogenesis involving garnet are far-ranging. Deviations from Henry's Law permit refinements to be made to calculated REE abundances once basic model parameters have been defined.  相似文献   

20.
An ion probe study of rare earth element (REE) geochemistry of silicate inclusions in the Miles IIE iron meteorite was carried out. Individual mineral phases among inclusions have distinct REE patterns and abundances. Most silicate grains have homogeneous REE abundances but show considerable intergrain variations between inclusions. A few pyroxene grains display normal igneous REE zoning. Phosphates (whitlockite and apatite) are highly enriched in REEs (50 to 2000 × CI) with a relatively light rare earth element (LREE)-enriched REE pattern. They usually occurred near the interfaces between inclusions and Fe host. In Miles, albitic glasses exhibit two distinctive REE patterns: a highly fractionated LREE-enriched (CI normalized La/Sm ∼15) pattern with a large positive Eu anomaly and a relatively heavy rare earth element (HREE)-enriched pattern (CI-normalized Lu/Gd ∼4) with a positive Eu anomaly and a negative Yb anomaly. The glass is generally depleted in REEs relative to CI chondrites.The bulk REE abundances for each inclusion, calculated from modal abundances, vary widely, from relatively depleted in REEs (0.1 to 3 × CI) with a fractionated HREE-enriched pattern to highly enriched in REEs (10 to 100 × CI) with a relatively LREE-enriched pattern. The estimated whole rock REE abundances for Miles are at ∼ 10 × CI with a relatively LREE-enriched pattern. This implies that Miles silicates could represent the product of a low degree (∼10%) partial melting of a chondritic source. Phenocrysts of pyroxene in pyroxene-glassy inclusions were not in equilibrium with coexisting albitic glass and they could have crystallized from a parental melt with REEs of ∼ 10 × CI. Albitic glass appears to have formed by remelting of preexisting feldspar + pyroxene + tridymite assemblage. Yb anomaly played an important role in differentiation processes of Miles silicate inclusions; however, its origin remains unsolved.The REE data from this study suggest that Miles, like Colomera and Weekeroo Station, formed when a molten Fe ball collided on a differentiated silicate regolith near the surface of an asteroid. Silicate fragments were mixed with molten Fe by the impact. Heat from molten Fe caused localized melting of feldspar + pyroxene + tridymite assemblage. The inclusions remained isolated from one another during subsequent rapid cooling.  相似文献   

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