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1.
Glen MacDonald. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2003. x and 518 pp., maps, diags., photos., glossary, and index. $86.95 cloth (ISBN 0‐471‐24193‐8). Reviewed by Janet Franklin, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA.  相似文献   

2.
The Tombador Formation exhibits depositional sequence boundaries placed at the base of extensive amalgamated fluvial sand sheets or at the base of alluvial fan conglomeratic successions that indicate basinward shifts of facies. The hierarchy system that applies to the Tombador Formation includes sequences of different orders, which are defined as follows: sequences associated with a particular tectonic setting are designated as ‘first order’ and are separated by first‐order sequence boundaries where changes in the tectonic setting are recorded; second‐order sequences represent the major subdivisions of a first‐order sequence and reflect cycles of change in stratal stacking pattern observed at 102 m scales (i.e., 200–300 m); changes in stratal stacking pattern at 101 m scales indicate third‐order sequences (i.e., 40–70 m); and changes in stratal stacking pattern at 100 m scales are assigned to the fourth order (i.e., 8–12 m). Changes in palaeogeography due to relative sea level changes are recorded at all hierarchical levels, with a magnitude that increases with the hierarchical rank. Thus, the Tombador Formation corresponds to one‐first‐order sequence, representing a distinct intracratonic sag basin fill in the polycyclic history of the Espinhaço Supergroup in Chapada Diamantina Basin. An angular unconformity separates fluvial‐estuarine to alluvial fan deposits and marks the second‐order boundary. Below the angular unconformity the third‐order sequences record fluvial to estuarine deposition. In contrast, above the angular unconformity these sequences exhibit continental alluvial successions composed conglomerates overlain by fluvial and eolian strata. Fourth‐order sequences are recognized within third‐order transgressive systems tract, and they exhibit distinct facies associations depending on their occurrence at estuarine or fluvial domains. At the estuarine domain, they are composed of tidal channel, tidal bar and overlying shoreface heterolithic strata. At the fluvial domain the sequences are formed of fluvial deposits bounded by fine‐grained or tidal influenced intervals. Fine grained intervals are the most reliable to map in fourth‐order sequences because of their broad laterally extensive sheet‐like external geometry. Therefore, they constitute fourth‐order sequence boundaries that, at the reservoir approach, constitute the most important horizontal heterogeneity and, hence, the preferable boundaries of production zones. The criteria applied to assign sequence hierarchies in the Tombador Formation are based on rock attributes, are easy to apply, and can be used as a baseline for the study of sequence stratigraphy in Precambrian and Phanerozoic basins placed in similar tectonic settings.  相似文献   

3.
Yue‐man Yeung, ed. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2002. x and 334 pp., diags., tables, notes, apps., biblio., and index. $35.00 cloth (ISBN: 962‐996‐031‐1). Reviewed by David R. Meyer, Department of Sociology, Brown University, Providence, RI.  相似文献   

4.
This paper examines the central role of social and political institutions behind motivations and strategies of ethnic Chinese Singaporean investment in Hainan, China. Drawing upon 22 case studies of Singaporean firms in Hainan, we show that Singaporean investment in Hainan is embedded in Chinese business networks and their associated institutions. At the personal level, direct investments are largely motivated by the cultural attachments of Singaporean Hainanese to Hainan. Their small‐ and medium‐sized joint ventures largely reflect the characteristics of ethnically‐based Chinese business networks that stress connections, or guanxi. Similarly, the influence of social organizations (e.g., clan associations) and government institutions (e.g., public and quasi‐public agencies) on Singaporean investment strategies in Hainan reveals the significance of ongoing social relations institutionalized at the broader societal level.  相似文献   

5.
Routledge Studies in Human Geography. Stephen A. Royle. London: Routledge, 2001. x and 237 pp., maps, diags., photos., and index. $100.00 cloth (ISBN 1‐85728‐865‐3). Reviewed by Victor Prescott, Department of Geography, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.  相似文献   

6.
H. Randy Gimblett, ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. xiv and 327 pp., figs., tables, refs., and index. $39.95 paper (ISBN 0‐19‐514337‐X). Reviewed by Shivanand Balram and Suzana Dragi?evi?, Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.  相似文献   

7.
Reading Retail.     
Neil Wrigley and Michelle Lowe. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. xvi and 280 pp., maps, diags., biblio., and index. $24.95 paper (ISBN 0‐340‐70660‐0). Reviewed by J. Dennis Lord, Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC.  相似文献   

8.
Peter Doyle and Matthew R. Bennett, eds. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ix and 387 pp., figs., notes, bibs., and index. $120.00 cloth (ISBN 1‐4020‐0433‐8). Reviewed by Eugene J. Palka, Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, U.S. Military Academy, West Point, NY.  相似文献   

9.
The U.S. and U.K. literatures have discussed “food deserts,” reflecting populated, typically urban, low‐income areas with limited access to full‐service supermarkets. Less is known about supermarket accessibility within Canadian cities. This article uses the minimum distance and coverage methods to determine supermarket accessibility within the city of Edmonton, Canada, with a focus on high‐need and inner‐city neighborhoods. The results show that for 1999 both of these areas generally had higher accessibility than the remainder of the city, but six high‐need neighborhoods had poor supermarket accessibility. We conclude by examining potential reasons for differences in supermarket accessibility between Canadian, U.S., and U.K. cities.  相似文献   

10.
Bella Bychkova Jordan and Terry G. Jordan‐Bychkov. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001. xii and 140 pp., maps, photos., glossary, notes, refs., and index. $32.95 cloth (ISBN 0‐81663‐5692). Reviewed by Glen M. MacDonald, Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.  相似文献   

11.
The widespread use of mobile communications is leading to new practices in family life and social life, and these changes have significant implications for the study of urban travel. Because of the adoption of new modes of space‐time coordination, changing time use and increasing mobility, changing use of existing urban nodes, the blurring of boundaries between home and work, the importance of social networks and social capital, and the shift to person‐to‐person connectivity, the spatial structure and processes of interaction among individuals have become much more complicated in this age of mobile communications. Static spatial frameworks based on fixed points (e.g., home or workplace) and distances among them are no longer adequate for understanding urban travel. The study of urban travel now needs new conceptualizations and new methodologies.  相似文献   

12.
“Salt” giants are typically halite‐dominated, although they invariably contain other evaporite (e.g. anhydrite, bittern salts) and non‐evaporite (e.g. carbonate, clastic) rocks. Rheological differences between these rocks mean they impact or respond to rift‐related, upper crustal deformation in different ways. Our understanding of basin‐scale lithology variations in ancient salt giants, what controls this and how this impacts later rift‐related deformation, is poor, principally due to a lack of subsurface datasets of sufficiently regional extent. Here we use 2D seismic reflection and borehole data from offshore Norway to map compositional variations within the Zechstein Supergroup (ZSG) (Lopingian), relating this to the structural styles developed during Middle Jurassic‐to‐Early Cretaceous rifting. Based on the proportion of halite, we identify and map four intrasalt depositional zones (sensu Clark et al., Journal of the Geological Society, 1998, 155, 663) offshore Norway. We show that, at the basin margins, the ZSG is carbonate‐dominated, whereas towards the basin centre, it becomes increasingly halite‐dominated, a trend observed in the UK sector of the North Sea Basin and in other ancient salt giants. However, we also document abrupt, large magnitude compositional and thickness variations adjacent to large, intra‐basin normal faults; for example, thin, carbonate‐dominated successions occur on fault‐bounded footwall highs, whereas thick, halite‐dominated successions occur only a few kilometres away in adjacent depocentres. It is presently unclear if this variability reflects variations in syn‐depositional relief related to flooding of an underfilled presalt (Early Permian) rift or syn‐depositional (Lopingian) rift‐related faulting. Irrespective of the underlying controls, variations in salt composition and thickness influenced the Middle Jurassic‐to‐Early Cretaceous rift structural style, with diapirism characterising hangingwall basins where autochthonous salt was thick and halite‐rich and salt‐detached normal faulting occurring on the basin margins and on intra‐basin structural highs where the salt was too thin and/or halite‐poor to undergo diapirism. This variability is currently not captured by existing tectono‐stratigraphic models largely based on observations from salt‐free rifts and, we argue, mapping of suprasalt structural styles may provide insights into salt composition and thickness in areas where boreholes are lacking or seismic imaging is poor.  相似文献   

13.
David M. Bush, Norma J. Longo, William J. Neal, Luciana S. Esteves, Orrin H. Pilkey, Deborah F. Pilkey, and Craig A. Webb. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2001. xxiv and 340 pp., apps., and index. $64.95 cloth (ISBN 0‐8223‐2533‐0); $22.95 paper (ISBN 0‐8223‐2565‐9). Reviewed by Joann Mossa, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.  相似文献   

14.
Gruber, S., Egli, M., Gärtner‐Roer, I. and Hoelzle, M., 2012. Preface: The mountain cryosphere – a holistic view on processes and their interactions. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, ??, ??–??. doi :10.1111/j.1468‐0459.2012.00468.x  相似文献   

15.
The mud volcano and sandstone intrusions complex occurring in the Boyadag anticline, western Turkmenistan, is the only well‐documented example of co‐existing, but not synchronous, mud volcanism and sand intrusion. Integrated field and laboratory evaluation investigates the spatial and genetic relations between the mud extrusion and the later sand intrusion. A sandstone dike and a pillar pierce mud volcano deposits on the crest of Boyadag anticline. Two more dikes occur near the escarpment caused by a crestal normal fault. The rising of mud and hydrocarbons from the Oligocene Maykop Fm. fed the mud volcano after the exposure of the Lower Pleistocene units at the core of the anticline. The main physical process that later led to sand fluidisation is identified as the progressive increase in pore fluid pressure, during a stage of reduced or null activity of the mud volcano, caused by the up‐dip migration of hydrocarbons from the deep basin into the Pliocene sandstone reservoir within the Boyadag anticline. The hydrocarbons generated in the source rock levels of the Maykop Fm., whereas the saline water involved in the sand fluidisation is identified as the connate water of the Pliocene Red Beds Fm. The pressure rise was responsible for the fracturing of the sealing units, already weakened by the crestal normal fault and the mud volcano feeding system. The sand intruded into sealing units and mud breccia deposits, also using the mud volcano conduit and the crestal normal fault as preferential pathways. During the present‐day background activity, the outcropping sandstone intrusions provide high permeability pathways for continuous fluid leakage, precluding the re‐establishment of high pressures in the reservoir.  相似文献   

16.
Book Reviews     
Books reviewed: Astle, W.L., A History of Wildlife Conservation and Management in the Mid‐Luangwa Valley, Zambia Demko, George J., Ioffe, Grigory and Zayonchkovskaya, Zhanna (eds.), Population Under Duress: The Geodemography of Post‐Soviet Russia Evans, Sterling, The Green Republic: A Conservation History of Costa Rica Jonas, Andrew e.g. and Wilson, David, The Urban Growth Machine: Critical Perspectives Two Decades Later Pickles, John and Smith, Adrian, Theorising Transition: The Political Economy of Post‐Communist Transformations. Peet, Richard with Hartwick, Elaine, Theories of Development Shaw, Denis J.B. Russia in the Modern World: A New Geography Winters, Harold A., Galloway Jr., Gerald E., Reynolds, William J. and Rhyne, David W., Battling the Elements: Weather and Terrain in the Conduct of War Wright, John B., Montana Ghost Dance: Essays on Land and Life Yeung, Yue‐Man, Urban Development in Asia: Retrospect and Prospect  相似文献   

17.
This paper presents and compares ground thermal regimes at 4200 and 4800 m a.s.l. on Mount Kenya's southern aspect. Temperatures were recorded using Tinytalk? data loggers, installed at the ground surface and at depths of 1 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm and 50 cm. Temperatures were logged at 2‐hour intervals over a period of 12 months (August 1998 to July 1999). The study is designed to demonstrate near‐surface freeze conditions, which would have implications for contemporary periglacial landform production. Although ground freeze at 4200 m a.s.l. occurs during most nights (c. 70% at 1 cm depth), freeze penetration is restricted to the top 2 to 3 cm, such that no freeze was recorded at 5 cm depth. At 4800 m a.s.l., the diurnal frost frequency at the surface is 365 days (100%), whilst that at 10 cm depth is 165 days (45%). The paper demonstrates that a greater longevity of contemporary thin snow cover at 4800 m a.s.l. permits progressive sub‐surface cooling with depth. However, the near‐surface ground temperature profiles suggest that conditions are not conducive to permafrost development at the sites.  相似文献   

18.
This paper considers some practical problems associated with organising large‐scale comparative field research in eastern India. The focus of the paper is on the use of brainstorming and “modified logframes” as two means by which hypotheses about the working of the local state from the point of view of the rural poor could be turned into concrete field questions. The paper is less concerned with ethical and positional issues relating to team‐based research in “the tropics” (on this, see Williams et al., 2003a) than with the equally important if apparently more prosaic issues relating to the flawed but necessary search for objectivity and rigour in comparative field studies.  相似文献   

19.
Warren Johnson. Charleston, SC: The Other Way Press, 2002. ix and 304 pp., diags, and index. $15.00 paper (ISBN 1‐58898‐261‐0). Reviewed by Wilbur Zelinsky, Department of Geography, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.  相似文献   

20.
David Jacobson. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 2002. x and 234 pp., notes, and index. $39.95 cloth (ISBN 0‐8018‐6779‐7). Reviewed by Robert Saveland, Department of Social Science Education (emeritus), University of Georgia, Athens, GA.  相似文献   

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