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1.
在现代和古代碳酸盐沉积物中,碳酸盐鲕粒的包壳结构类型均较多,因其常被用于恢复古海洋的化学、物理性质演化而备受关注。对碳酸盐鲕粒包壳的研究始于 1879年,此后现代和古代鲕粒包壳的原生和次生结构特征和成因均得到了详细描述和深入探讨;然而,目前仍存在对现代鲕粒包壳原生结构的部分术语定义不明确、对古代鲕粒包壳原生结构的特征识别和分类不尽准确等问题。文中归纳了现代鲕粒包壳的原生结构类型及其主要特征,指出鲕粒包壳结构组合的常见类型包括放射状、同心状、同心—放射状等,且对包壳结构组合类型的识别是鲕粒包壳结构研究的关键。古代鲕粒受成岩作用影响,包壳原生结构保存程度可能不尽相同,甚至完全被次生结构所替代,但其原生结构类型与现代鲕粒类似,以放射状和同心状结构为主,只是同心状结构中的切线状纹层难以识别。中国的古代鲕粒研究虽已取得大量成果,但在对包壳原生结构的识别和应用方面尚存在一些误区,故在借鉴现代鲕粒包壳结构研究成果的基础上,笔者以华南下奥陶统鲕粒为例,论述了对古代鲕粒包壳结构如何进行特征描述、如何识别出保存较好的原生结构及如何利用包壳结构组合类型进行鲕粒分类等问题,展示了古代鲕粒包壳原生结构研究的重要科学意义。 相似文献
2.
在东佛罗里达外大陆架大约40m的海底，发现一种被钻孔和包壳的晚更新世鲕粒灰岩。鲕粒的包壳主要由两种矿物组成，通常情况下，内是放射状排殊镁方解石，而外层则是同心环状排列的文石。多数鲕粒的核心是磨圆的隐晶质颗粒，但也有一部分英颗粒和各种骨粒组成。鲕粒由块状方解石胶结物不完全胶结，部分粒间孔由微晶充填。放射壳层由具亮的阴极发光性的镁方解石组成，含大约12mol％的MбCO3和1000ppm的锶。在放射壳层中，铁和锰含量的一般变化范围分别为500－1000ppm和100－250ppm。同习环状壳层由不具阴极发光的文石组成，含大约11500ppm的锶和小于0．5mol％的MбCO3.心环状壳层中铁的含量范围一般为150－400ppm，而锰通常小于100ppm的检测限。作为次要伴生颗粒的棘皮动物碎片山镁方解石组成，具亮的阴极发光性。一些鲕粒的核心和块状方解石胶结物的薄外缘具阴极发光。微晶基质和大片的块状方解石胶结物不具阴极发兴。在鲕粒中，未见显示重结晶作用的结构迹象。这些鲕粒灰岩经历了大气淡水成岩作用阶段，但鲕粒壳层却未受其影响。我们认为，镁方解石层普在缺氧的海水中遭受成岩蚀变，这是一个尚未被人们认识的过程。在该过程中，镁推动而锰加入，但没有明显的结构蚀变，也没有发生矿物的稳定化作用，因此，我们认为其阴极发光性可能是海底的成岩蚀变造成的。 相似文献
3.
鲕粒是恢复古海水性质和古环境的重要载体。通过对巫溪鱼鳞剖面震旦系地层的实测,发现该剖面鲕粒发育于灯影组二段上部,且可以划分为两个鲕粒层。底部鲕粒层(鲕粒层A)厚约5.5 m,顶部鲕粒层(鲕粒层B)厚约1.4 m,两个鲕粒层之间为厚约2.4 m的泥—粉晶云岩。显微特征表明,鲕粒虽然完全白云石化,但纹层特征保存良好。鲕粒类型以泥—微晶鲕为主,同心鲕和同心—放射鲕次之,其余类型鲕粒发育较少。研究区灯二段鲕粒云岩为台地浅水鲕粒滩沉积,同心鲕和同心—放射鲕指示较强的水动力条件,泥—微晶鲕发育于水体相对较为安静的环境,而破碎再生鲕则可能与风暴事件相关。保存清晰的纹层可能表明鲕粒云岩是早期拟晶白云石化后的产物,因此灯影二段上部鲕粒白云岩是研究前寒武海水性质的良好载体。鲕粒纹层以同心状和同心—放射状主,指示灯影期海水性质可能为文石海。 相似文献
4.
碳酸盐岩中的鲕粒是古沉积环境重建的重要载体之一。塔里木盆地北部露头剖面、星火1井区埃迪卡拉系奇格布拉克组潟湖相及浅滩相沉积中发现了多种类型鲕粒及其共生现象。文中通过剖面详勘、岩心观察以及薄铸片、阴极发光、环境扫描电镜等研究方法,阐明了不同类型鲕粒的基本特征及分布,探讨了鲕粒成核、生长的特殊沉积环境和成岩改造等过程。按显微结构、特殊形态、组合以及成岩改造,依次将研究区奇格布拉克组鲕粒划分出12种类型,其中大气淡水、快速拟晶白云岩化、重结晶、交代白云岩化等成岩作用主要发现于中等水动力条件形成的同心(圈)鲕、同心—放射状鲕等。近源风暴引起的底流和涡流产生的撕裂、磨损及搬运作用为泥晶(大)鲕、薄皮鲕、放射状泥晶(正常或大)鲕、脑状鲕以及部分球(或细菌)鲕、复鲕的成核和微生物作用提供了基本条件,而文石—白云石海中低能环境下的黏性软底质中广泛发育的文石—高镁方解石胶结促进鲕粒的形成; 前者发育于潮道或浅滩环境,后者发育于潮坪—潟湖环境,短暂风暴潮或底流是两者共生的可能原因。 微生物参与泥晶成核、一定水动力条件下台阶状生长、差异性成岩改造是前寒武纪多种类型鲕粒发育的主控因素。鲕模孔、粒间(内)溶孔、晶间孔、有机微孔等孔隙具有一定储集意义。对奇格布拉克组鲕粒的研究,有助于深化对前寒武纪古海洋和大气组分、黏性软底质中成核与生长中的水动力及微生物作用、早期成岩改造及孔隙形成与保存机理等的认识。 相似文献
5.
依据鲕粒的形态、结构及方解石组成,将豫西宜阳地区寒武系馒头组鲕粒灰岩中的鲕粒分为4种类型:不规则放射状泥晶鲕粒、泥晶套亮晶表皮鲕粒、同心放射状泥晶鲕粒和规则放射状微亮晶鲕粒。这些鲕粒多由泥晶方解石组成,且泥晶方解石可出现在鲕粒的不同部位,从而与研究区张夏组的鲕粒明显不同,后者由亮晶方解石组成。在电子显微镜下,鲕粒中的泥晶方解石表现为六边形蜂格和片状壁,而这种结构被认为是细菌或蓝细菌的细胞结构,是由附着的微小晶粒呈切向围绕细菌或蓝细菌排列所致。构成蜂格结构的矿物主要为碳酸钙,其被认为是蓝细菌死亡后灰泥化的结果。由此可见,鲕粒中泥晶方解石的形成与微生物的生命活动密切相关,这对于阐明鲕粒在其形成过程中受到微生物的影响具有重要意义。 相似文献
6.
中国泥盆纪鲕铁石沉积环境、成因 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
中国泥盆纪鲕铁石分布在华南的云南、四川、贵州、广西、湖南、江西、湖北等7个省(区)。鲕铁石结构有鲕粒、假鲕粒、凝胶团粒。鲕粒一般有环带、有核心,也有仅有环带、无核心的鲕环2-3层,少数数十层。鲕粒环带、团粒一般为自形晶微粒赤铁矿、绿泥石、菱铁矿,含少量粘土矿物及其他自形品矿物。核心为石英碎屑,或铁矿物碎屑。鲕粒间基质自形晶矿物、粘土矿物及其碎屑矿物。以接近封闭的浅水泻湖环境沉积最好(占鲕铁石总储量60%),以河口三角洲砂坝沉积最差(占4.2%)。鲕铁石是海水中胶体沉积的,当海水有一定能量时,铁质围绕碎屑物或铁矿物碎屑转动沉积鲕粒环带,铁质也可围绕先凝聚的铁矿物转动沉积无核心的环带。当海水能量低时形成凝胶团粒。 相似文献
7.
论洞穴石笋结构构造转变 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
大量大型石笋纵剖面研究表明,石笋矿物组成有方解石、文石、文石(方解石)-方解石(文石)三种类型,三类的结构、纹(微)层和放射状构造、结构构造转变等特征类同,并存在于碳酸盐沉积石笋生长的全过程,但文石笋的细微粒针(柱)状(微粒)结构、放射状、纹(微)层构造更显著.石笋结构构造转变的主要表现是:文石转变成方解石;文石、方解石次生增大,呈现不断晶化的成晶过程.文石转变为方解石,常保留文石的针状、针柱状结构和柱状聚晶体,呈文石假象,文石次生加大仍保存其结构构造和聚晶;方解石次生增大,常保存其粒状、菱面体、偏三角面体、聚片双晶和柱状、板状聚晶.石笋结构构造转变及其晶化强度,受控于洞穴温度、湿度、滴水和凝结水对石笋的渗透、淋漓,主要受石笋含水度大的制约.组成石笋的碳酸盐沉积、组合、结晶、晶化次生增大等,结构构造的形成及其弱、中、强转变,都在常(低)温常(低)压的洞穴气候环境中进行,是自调整作用的沉积、成晶、成岩晶化过程,没有外来物质加入,因而不影响同位素分馏和古气候环境记录.石笋结构构造转变研究,对古气候环境重建与生态修复、成晶成矿理论和实践、同位素测年校正和运用都有重要意义. 相似文献
8.
鲕粒是一类特殊的沉积颗粒,为古气候和古海洋环境的重要指示器。为了深入认识此类特殊颗粒的成因机制、形成环境及地质意义,对广西隆安地区都结剖面下石炭统都安组上部含鲕粒地层开展了古生物学、沉积学和岩相学研究。研究区共识别出5种主要的鲕粒类型: 放射状纹层鲕粒(O1)、规则同心放射状纹层鲕粒(O2)、不规则同心放射状纹层鲕粒(O3)、泥晶鲕粒(O4-A和O4-B)和复合鲕粒(O5)。各类鲕粒的显微组构和沉积环境指示其具有不同的形成过程,其中水动力条件影响和控制着鲕粒的发育和分布情况。研究区含鲕粒地层形成于维宪期末—谢尔普霍夫期,恰好对应早石炭世晚期冰川作用的开始。受冰川作用影响,全球海平面频繁波动,研究区地处低纬度地区并以浅滩和潮坪沉积环境为主,为鲕粒的形成提供了适宜的水体条件,即温暖、动荡的浅水环境。此外,含鲕粒岩层内广泛发育钙质微生物和微生物席,说明微生物活动在研究区较为常见,可能与鲕粒的形成过程具有一定的关联。 相似文献
9.
鲕粒是一类特殊的沉积颗粒,为古气候和古海洋环境的重要指示器。为了深入认识此类特殊颗粒的成因机制、形成环境及地质意义,对广西隆安地区都结剖面下石炭统都安组上部含鲕粒地层开展了古生物学、沉积学和岩相学研究。研究区共识别出5种主要的鲕粒类型:放射状纹层鲕粒(O1)、规则同心放射状纹层鲕粒(O2)、不规则同心放射状纹层鲕粒(O3)、泥晶鲕粒(O4-A和O4-B)和复合鲕粒(O5)。各类鲕粒的显微组构和沉积环境指示其具有不同的形成过程,其中水动力条件影响和控制着鲕粒的发育和分布情况。研究区含鲕粒地层形成于维宪期末-谢尔普霍夫期,恰好对应早石炭世晚期冰川作用的开始。受冰川作用影响,全球海平面频繁波动,研究区地处低纬度地区并以浅滩和潮坪沉积环境为主,为鲕粒的形成提供了适宜的水体条件,即温暖、动荡的浅水环境。此外,含鲕粒岩层内广泛发育钙质微生物和微生物席,说明微生物活动在研究区较为常见,可能与鲕粒的形成过程具有一定的关联。 相似文献
10.
本文所述的由1-5μm自形菱形方解石组成的微晶化鲕粒采自得克萨斯奥陶系-侏罗系的鲕粒灰岩和泥粒灰岩,其中:露头样品4个,岩心样品3个,岩屑样品7个。微晶化鲕粒的孔隙度可大于15%,渗透率为1毫达西.鲕粒的微晶化不是由淋滤作用所引起,而是在矿物稳定化过程中由文石转化而成方解石。 相似文献
11.
Calcitic, aragonitic and mixed calcitic-aragonitic ooids from the mid-Proterozoic Belt Supergroup, Montana 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
MAURICE E. TUCKER 《Sedimentology》1984,31(5):627-644
A great variety of ooid types occurs within the Siyeh and Snowslip Formations of the mid-Proterozoic Belt Supergroup, Montana. Cortical layers are inferred to have been composed either of calcite in a radial-concentric or radial-with-dark-rays fabric or, aragonite in a radial or concentric fabric. The calcitic cortical layers record their original fabrics but the originally aragonitic cortical layers have been replaced by calcite in a range of textures and by quartz and dolomite. Some formerly aragonitic cortical layers are replaced by calcite spar which contains relics of the original cortical structure. Others consist of calcite spar without inclusions, or columnar calcite which grew radially from the nucleus, commonly a calcitic ooid. Some ooids were wholly composed of calcite, others were of aragonite, but two phase ooids were common, mostly consisting of an inner calcitic part and an outer aragonitic part. Probable microdolomite inclusions suggest a high Mg content of the calcitic cortical layers. The depositional environment of these oolites was probably analogous to Baffin Bay, Texas, where a similar range of ooid types is forming today. 相似文献
12.
New interpretations of Great Salt Lake ooids and of ancient non-skeletal carbonate mineralogy 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
PHILIP A. SANDBERG 《Sedimentology》1975,22(4):497-537
Earlier interpretations of textural alteration affecting Great Salt Lake ooids have greatly influenced concepts of ooid diagenesis. Scanning electron microscope study shows, however, that the coarse radial aragonite rays are depositional, that no recrystallization of pellet cores has occurred, and that Great Salt Lake ooids have not suffered noticeable diagenesis. As suggested by Kahle (1974), radial texture in ancient calcitic ooids is probably mainly original, not diagenetic. Retention of such fine textures has been attributed to organic matter (since found to be equivalent in modern skeletal and non-skeletal grains) or to paramorphic replacement (proposed for non-skeletal grains whose original aragonite mineralogy was only inferred from modern analogs). Pleistocene ooids known to have been aragonite alter like aragonite shells to coarse neomorphic calcite, often with aragonite relics. The striking uniformity of that coarse texture in neomorphic calcite replacing known skeletal aragonites throughout the geologic record has been noted for over 100 years. In contrast, Mississippian ooids retain fine texture as do calcite layers of coexisting gastropods, but unlike the strongly altered aragonite layers of these same gastropods. Therefore, inferences of original aragonitic mineralogy of ancient non-skeletal carbonate grains (including muds) which are now calcite but retain fine texture appear unwarranted, as do assumptions of differential diagenetic behaviour of ancient aragonitic skeletal and non-skeletal grains. Accordingly, modern depositional environments of marine ooids and carbonate muds must be rejected as chemically unrepresentative of comparable ancient environments. It is inferred that ancient non-skeletal carbonates were originally predominantly or exclusively calcite because of an earlier lower oceanic Mg/Ca ratio (<2/1) which altered progressively to values favouring aragonite (modern Mg/Ca value = 5/1). Major influencing factors are: selective removal of calcium by planktonic foraminifers and coccolithophorids since Jurassic-Cretaceous time and by abundant younger, Mg-poor aragonite skeletons and an erratic trend toward decreasing dolomite formation (decreasing removal of oceanic Mg). The change to aragonite dominance over calcite for non-skeletal carbonates was probably during early to middle Cenozoic time. 相似文献
13.
Relatively few studies have so far addressed diagenetic processes in Heterozoan carbonates and the role that sediment composition and depositional facies exert over diagenetic pathways. This paper presents a study of Oligocene shallow-water, Heterozoan carbonates from the Maltese Islands. We investigate stratigraphic distribution, abundance and timing of diagenetic features and their relationship to sediment composition and depositional facies. The studied carbonate rocks comprise rud- to packstones of the Heterozoan association predominantly containing coralline red algae, bryozoans, echinoids and benthic foraminifers. XRD analyses show that all high-Mg calcite has been transformed to low-Mg calcite and that no aragonite is preserved. Diagenetic processes include dissolution of aragonitic biota, neomorphism of high-Mg calcitic biota to low-Mg calcite and cementation by fibrous, bladed, epitaxial and blocky cements. Stable isotopes on bulk rock integrated with petrographic data suggest that the study interval was not exposed to significant meteoric diagenesis. We interpret early cementation to have taken place in the marine and marine burial environment. The distribution and abundance of early diagenetic features, determining the diagenetic pathway, can be related to the primary sediment composition and depositional texture. Sorting and micrite content are important controls over the abundance of diagenetic features. 相似文献
14.
Justin B. Ries 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2006,70(4):891-900
The Mg/Ca ratio of seawater has varied significantly throughout the Phanerozoic Eon, primarily as a function of the rate of ocean crust production. Specimens of the crustose coralline alga Neogoniolithon sp. were grown in artificial seawaters encompassing the range of Mg/Ca ratios shown to have existed throughout the Phanerozoic. Significantly, the coralline algae’s skeletal Mg/Ca ratio varied in lockstep with the Mg/Ca ratio of the artificial seawater. Specimens grown in seawater treatments formulated with identical Mg/Ca ratios but differing absolute concentrations of Mg and Ca exhibited no significant differences in skeletal Mg/Ca ratios, thereby emphasizing the importance of the ambient Mg/Ca ratio, and not the absolute concentration of Mg, in determining the Mg/Ca ratio of coralline algal calcite. Specimens grown in seawater of the lowest molar Mg/Ca ratio (mMg/Ca = 1.0) actually changed their skeletal mineralogy from high-Mg (skeletal mMg/Ca > 0.04) to low-Mg calcite (skeletal mMg/Ca < 0.04), suggesting that ancient calcitic red algae, which exhibit morphologies and modes of calcification comparable to Neogoniolithon sp., would have produced low-Mg calcite from the middle Cambrian to middle Mississippian and during the middle to Late Cretaceous, when oceanic mMg/Ca approached unity. By influencing the original Mg content of carbonate facies in which these algae have been ubiquitous, this condition has significant implications for the geochemistry and diagenesis of algal limestones throughout most of the Phanerozoic. The crustose coralline algae’s precipitation of high-Mg calcite from seawater that favors the abiotic precipitation of aragonite indicates that these algae dictate the precipitation of the calcitic polymorph of CaCO3. However, the algae’s nearly abiotic pattern of Mg fractionation in their skeletal calcite suggests that their biomineralogical control is limited to polymorph specification and is generally ineffectual in the regulation of skeletal Mg incorporation. Therefore, the Mg/Ca ratio of well-preserved fossils of crustose coralline algae, when corrected for the effect of seawater temperature, may be an archive of oceanic Mg/Ca throughout the Phanerozoic. Magnesium fractionation algorithms that model algal skeletal Mg/Ca as a function of seawater Mg/Ca and temperature are presented herein. The results of this study support the empirical fossil evidence that secular variation of oceanic Mg/Ca has caused the mineralogy and skeletal chemistry of many calcifying marine organisms to change significantly over geologic time. 相似文献
15.
前人对Site 4B站位海底浅表层沉积物的研究显示该站位历史上可能存在甲烷渗漏事件。为研究该站位的甲烷渗漏历史,分析了Site 4B站位柱状沉积物的元素地球化学特征,及沉积物中Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca比随深度的变化规律以及自生碳酸盐矿物的分布特征。元素相关性分析表明:研究区Ca、Sr等碳酸盐相关的元素极有可能来自于与甲烷渗漏有关的自生碳酸盐。结合沉积物的粒度特征,认为Site 4B站位在15.78 ka B.P.之前泥火山活动造成甲烷渗漏,且甲烷渗漏速率具有增大—减小的周期性变化特点。研究站位在24.15 ka B.P.、27.47 ka B.P.、31.05 ka B.P.具有相对较高的甲烷渗漏速率,且在31.05 ka B.P.达到最大值。研究结果对探明南海北部的甲烷渗漏历史具有重要的意义。 相似文献
16.
Justin Baker Ries 《地学学报》2009,21(5):323-339
Independent lines of geological evidence suggest that fluctuations in the Mg/Ca ratio of seawater between 1.0 and 5.2 have caused the oceans to alternate between favouring the precipitation of the aragonite and high-Mg calcite polymorphs of calcium carbonate ( m Mg/Ca > 2; aragonite seas) and the low-Mg calcite polymorph ( m Mg/Ca < 2; calcite seas) throughout Phanerozoic time. The rise of aragonite-secreting bryopsidalean algae as major producers of carbonate sediments in middle Palaeogene time, a role that they maintained through to the present, has been attributed to a transition from calcite-to-aragonite seas in early Cenozoic time. Recent experiments on the modern, carbonate-sediment-producing bryopsidales Halimeda , Penicillus and Udotea reveal that their rates of calcification, linear extension and primary production decline when reared in experimental calcite seawaters ( m Mg/Ca < 2). These normally aragonite-secreting algae also began producing at least one-quarter of their CaCO3 as calcite under calcite sea conditions, indicating that their biomineralogical control can be partially overridden by ambient seawater chemistry. The observation that primary production and linear extension declined along with calcification in the mineralogically unfavourable seawater suggests that photosynthesis within these algae is enhanced by calcification via liberation of CO2 and/or H+ . Thus, the reduced fitness of these algae associated with their low rates of calcification in calcite seas may have been exacerbated by concomitant reductions in tissue mass and algal height. 相似文献
17.
Abstract The north-east Australian margin is the largest modern example of a tropical mixed siliciclastic/carbonate depositional system, with an outer shelf hosting the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and an inner shelf dominated by fluvially sourced siliciclastic sediment wedges. The long-term interplay between these sediment components and sea level is recorded in the Queensland Trough, a 1–2 km deep N–S elongate basin situated between the GBR platform and the Queensland Plateau. In this paper, 154 samples from 45 surface grabs and six well-dated piston cores were analysed for total carbonate content, carbonate mineralogy and Sr concentration to establish spatial and temporal patterns of carbonate accumulation in the Queensland Trough over the last 300 kyr. Surface carbonate contents are lowest on the inner-shelf (<5%) and in the trough axis (<60%) because of siliciclastic dilution. Carbonate on the shelf is mostly Sr-rich aragonite and high-Mg calcite (HMC), whereas that in the basin is mostly low-Mg calcite. Once normalized to remove the effects of siliciclastic dilution, surface Sr-rich aragonite and HMC abundances decrease linearly to background levels ≈ 100 km seaward of the shelf edge. Core samples show that, over time, normalized aragonite and Sr abundances are greatest during periods of shelf flooding and lowest when sea level drops below the shelf edge. This is consistent with changes in the production of coral and calcareous algae, and the shedding of their debris from the shelf. Interestingly, normalized HMC concentrations on the slope peak during periods of major transgression, perhaps because of maximum off-shelf transport from inter-reef areas or intermediate water dissolution. After accounting for siliciclastic dilution, there are strong similarities in both spatial and temporal patterns of carbonate minerals between slopes and basins of the north-east Australian margin and those of pure carbonate margins such as the Bahamas. A limited set of basic processes, including the formation and breakdown of carbonate on the shelf, the transport of carbonate off the shelf and eustatic sea level, probably controls carbonate accumulation in slope and basin settings of tropical environments, irrespective of proximal siliciclastic sediment sources. 相似文献
18.
Brick-like texture and radial rays in Triassic pisolites of Lombardy,Italy: A clue to distinguish ancient aragonitic pisolites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Triassic pisolites from the Calcare Rosso, Lombardy, Italy, were formed in a hypersaline vadose environment and now show alternating dolomite and calcite laminae. The calcite consists either of microsparite laminae with a brick-like fabric, or of a mass of mosaic crystals with the external form of square-ended rays.These features suggest that the original laminae and rays were aragonitic, like those of the Holocene supratidal pisolites of the Persian Gulf, which consist of alternating laminae of unoriented nannomicrite with Mg-rich mucilaginous material, and aragonitic fibers with radial orientation separated by mucilaginous films. It is suggested that the transformation to brick-like and ray textures passed through the following diagenetic path: (1) original formation of fibrous aragonite laminae; (2) local aggrading recrystallization of aragonite fibers to large square-ended rays during hypersaline phases; (3) dolomitization of Mg-rich mucilaginous nannomicrite laminae during hyposaline phases; (4) inversion of the aragonite fibers and rays to calcite on a piece-by piece basis that preserved the original textural details, when the pH or Mg/Ca ratio dropped.The brick-like and ray fabrics have not been found in laminae of continental freshwater pisolites because these were deposited as equant and stable crystals of low-Mg calcite. These textures consequently make it possible to establish the chemistry of the depositional and early diagenetic milieu for some ancient pisolitic rocks. 相似文献
19.
多样化的产出环境和30×108年的分布历史表明,鲕粒成因一直是一个谜一样的沉积学难题,争论的关键问题是其究竟是有机(微生物)成因还是无机成因。来自于华北地台寒武系苗岭统徐庄组鲕粒滩相灰岩顶部的方解石巨鲕表现出同心状、放射—同心状和泥晶质的沉积组构,在鲕粒核心和鲕粒皮层中保存着精美的葛万菌(Girvanella)化石所主导的光合作用生物膜的钙化作用残余物,这为研究鲕粒形成与光合作用生物膜之间复杂的成因联系提供了一个较为直接的微生物证据,因为葛万菌可相对较为肯定地类比于近代的钙化织线菌(Plectonema)丝状蓝细菌化石。所以说,在伴随着后生动物辐射的寒武纪蓝细菌繁盛的方解石海中,尽管形成放射状鲕粒皮层的放射纤维状方解石的沉淀作用机理还没有得到完全彻底的了解,但是这些巨鲕确实表现出光合作用生物膜诱发、滋养并促进了鲕粒形成的直接证据,进一步支持了“鲕粒沉积可以作为一种不同的微生物岩体系新类型”的重要科学理念。 相似文献
20.
鲕粒成因研究的新进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
鲕粒的成因一直是一个谜一样的沉积学难题。Brehm等在2006年的实验室研究的结果表明,将鲕粒的形成可以与叠层石进行类比,是一个特殊的球状微生物席的产物,从而将鲕粒归为微生物成因。最近,来自于巴哈马现代鲕粒的研究,Duguid等在2010年认为,鲕粒形成与微生物活动不存在一个直接的关系,重新强调了鲕粒形成的化学过程,即... 相似文献