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1.
根据2009年12月1025日磨刀门水道上至竹银下至口门近半月的同步实测水文资料,对该水道在大、中、小潮下表、中、底层的水动力特性进行了分析和探讨。结果显示,枯季磨刀门水道总体涨、落潮流速都不大,即使大潮时该水道总体表层涨落潮平均流速分别仅为0.5m/s和0.76m/s;水动力特性一般呈现:表层落潮流速显著大于涨潮流速,底层涨、落潮流速相差不大的规律;表底层涨落潮流速一般呈现随潮型增大而增大的趋势;表层涨潮历时小于落潮历时,底层涨潮历时大于落潮历时;实测结果显示,包括口门及上游河道范围内的表、底层流速出现相反的现象,时段一般出现在经过第一个长时间的落潮流之后的第二个较短落潮时间段内,且沿水深方向的转流点更为靠近表层。 相似文献
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采用二维ECOMSED模型对径流来水来沙变化前后的1978年和1999年伶仃洋洪水期水动力场和悬沙场进行模拟,结果表明:伶仃洋水动力场整体增强,但不同地貌单元水动力变化具有明显差异.分流比变化后洪水期伶仃洋西槽、东槽和中滩水动力增强,涨潮和落潮流速普遍增大0.1m/s;西部各口门区和西滩涨潮流势减弱,径流优势更加明显,但西滩三个口门水道及滩面潮沟落潮流速增大约0.1 m/s;东滩水动力特征变化不大.悬沙浓度亦整体升高,平均增加了0.02~0.05 kg/m3,悬沙高值区范围扩大,0.10 kg/m3等值线由西槽西侧明显向东推进到沿东槽南北向分布,径流来沙的影响范围东扩. 相似文献
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潮间带周期性淹水区域水深、流速的变化过程是潮滩水动力过程的基本组成部分,也是潮流与泥沙相互作用的基础。通过2002年4月至2003年1月4个季节的野外实测,获得了平静天气条件下,崇明东滩滩面潮流水深、流速与流向的变化过程数据。结果表明,崇明东滩盐沼和邻近光滩处涨潮历时均小于落潮历时,水深过程变化呈现出“陡涨缓落”的特点。光滩与盐沼交界处光滩一侧流速过程呈“双峰型”特征,涨落潮均出现流速峰值;盐沼（植物生长期）流速过程具有“单峰型”特点,仅在涨潮初出现峰值。研究区潮流不对称性明显,主要表现为涨潮优势,且由光滩向盐沼上部不断增强,潮沼植物和地形变化是加强盐沼区涨潮优势的主要原因。流速变化过程的差异和潮流不对称性使盐沼区域发生稳定的泥沙淤积,盐沼前缘光滩则会出现较频繁的冲淤变化,平静天气条件下,它们是控制崇明东滩泥沙输移和潮滩动力地貌过程的动力基础。 相似文献
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为揭示河口湾水动力环境对滩涂利用的累积响应过程,以珠江口伶仃洋河口湾为例,基于潮波数学模型和潮流数学模型,研究了1981年以来湾内进出潮量、分潮振幅和潮流流速的累积变化。结果表明:相对于1981年,2018年岸线条件下伶仃洋湾口断面涨落潮量累积减少4.9%~6.0%、内伶仃断面涨落潮量累积减少9.0%~12.8%、深圳湾断面涨落潮量累积减少17.8%、南沙断面涨落潮量累积减少5.0%~6.3%;伶仃洋M2分潮振幅呈增加趋势,振幅增幅由南向北增加,潮波由南向北变形进一步加剧;伶仃洋最大可能潮差变化与M2分潮振幅变化趋势一致,潮汐性质没有发生变化;伶仃洋潮流流速总体减小,西岸流速减幅高于东岸,湾顶附近流速略有增加。 相似文献
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根据在福建罗源湾互花米草盐沼内的沉积动力要素(水深、流速、悬沙浓度和沉降速率)的观测及表层沉积物的粒度分析结果,罗源湾互花米草盐沼表层沉积物组份以粉砂和粘土为主,为粘性沉积物;互花米草盐沼内的潮流流速很小,最大值不超过7cm/s,相应地,底部切应力也相对较小,悬沙在潮周期内多处于沉降状态,表层沉积物在涨潮初期和落潮后期多发生侵蚀.在台风显著影响下,潮流流速平均值变化很小,但水流紊动能量和底部切应力显著增大,导致表层沉积物多处于侵蚀状态,在台风登陆期间潮周期内净侵蚀通量可达到40.099kg/m2;台风影响过后,底部切应力逐渐减小,沉积物逐渐不发生侵蚀,悬沙多发生沉降,整个潮周期内以悬沙沉降为主. 相似文献
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通过不同时期实测地形资料,对比分析射阳港拦门沙航道一期整治工程建设后航道的回淤分布特征;利用实测水文泥沙资料和潮流数学模型计算分析射阳河口拦门沙航道开挖后的水流、含沙量特征;探讨了射阳港拦门沙航道淤积的泥沙来源和淤积成因。研究表明:航道开挖后沿程普遍淤积,尤其是口门及堤根区段航道淤积严重。导致航道淤积的主要原因为:有掩护航道内涨潮流速大、落潮流速小,口门外高含沙量水体进入航道后泥沙很难被带出航道,导致航道内普遍淤积;口门内2 km范围内回淤较大是由于越堤流输沙和口门内侧涨潮期间存在明显回流;导堤根部航道段回淤较大是由于射阳河与黄沙港河汇流后河道放宽,落潮期间出河口的水体挟沙力突然降低。 相似文献
9.
杭州湾底质的粒度特征和泥沙来源 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
杭州湾底质的分布,与潮流、波浪作用以及泥沙来源有着密切的关系。作为强潮海湾的杭州湾,潮流作用是主要的动力因素。底质的粒径大小与水动力强度相适应。底质的类型以泥质粉砂和粉砂为主。底质的分布具有一定的规律性,从湾口向湾内,颗粒粒径由细到粗,分选则由差到好。杭州湾的泥沙来源,以海域来沙为主,其中主要是长江输出的泥沙,随涨潮流进入杭州湾。 相似文献
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长江口南汇边滩的演变及其沉积动力机制 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
南汇边滩是长江口、杭州湾以及外海三者交互作用的特殊地带。根据不同时期海图对比分析发现，南汇边滩北冲南淤，逐渐向东南方向伸展，平均速率为30m/a。通过初步的机制探讨认为，南汇边滩有径流输沙和涨潮回输泥沙的双重补给，加上适宜盐度的絮凝，沉积速率较大，在滩面淤高的同时向水平方向扩展，但北侧受南槽落潮水流南偏的作用而不断冲刷，东侧突出的沙嘴受外海风浪的强烈作用难以东扩，南侧受杭州湾口近东西向的涨落潮流作用，在这些动力泥沙的综合作用下，导致南汇边滩向东南方向伸展。 相似文献
11.
Jianhua GAO Yang YANG Yaping WANG Shaoming PAN Rui ZHANG 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2008,2(3):249-261
High-resolution current velocity and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) data were collected by using an Acoustic Doppler
Current Profiler (ADCP) at two anchor stations and a cross-section in the South Channel of the Changjiang River mouth during
meso and neap tides on Nov. 16, 2003. In addition, tidal cycle (13-hour) observation at two stations was carried out with
traditional methods during the spring tide. Results indicated that resuspension occurred not only at the flood and ebb maximum,
but also in the early phase of ebb in the meso and neap tide. When tidal current transited from high to ebb phase, current
speed accelerated. Subsequently, fine-grained sediment with low critical threshold was resuspended and increased concentration.
The river mouth area remained in siltation in the meso and neap tidal phase during the observation season, with calculated
resuspension flux in the order of magnitude of 10−4–10−7 kg·m−2/s. Suspended sediment transport in the South Channel was dominated by freshwater discharge, but the Storks drift,
vertical circulation and vertical shear effect due to tidal oscillation also played an important role in resuspension and
associated sediment transport. In contrast, resuspension sediment flux in the spring tide was larger than that in meso and
neap tide, especially at the ebb maximum and flood maximum. The present study revealed that intensive resuspension corresponded
well with the larger current velocity during winter. In addition, the ‘tidal pumping’ effect and tidal gravity circulation
were also vital for forming the turbidity maximum in the Changjiang River estuary. 相似文献
12.
海南岛洋浦湾沉积作用研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文对海南岛洋浦湾海域的洋浦湾、新英湾、洋浦深槽及拦门沙浅滩的沉积环境和沉积特征做了描述、讨论，对河流、海岸侵蚀和珊瑚礁生物的３种沉积物来源及数量做了分析计算，得出其总量为９×１０4ｍ３／ａ。根据钻孔柱状样的14Ｃ及210Ｐｂ分析，得出８０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以来沉积速率为０．１～０．２ｃｍ／ａ，近百年来沉积速率为１～２ｃｍ／ａ。 相似文献
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现场试验表明,三角架观测系统稳定性良好,获取了边界层内多层位、连续的温、盐、流速、浊度同步观测数据,适用于浅海近底部沉积动力过程高分辨率观测及物质输运研究。观测结果显示:观测期间,边界层内存在向陆的余流,并呈现逐渐减小的趋势,其主要由涨、落潮流的不对称造成,大风天气和密度环流亦是影响余流强弱的重要因素;观测期间多数时刻底部切应力大于起动切应力,底质沉积物可产生明显的搬运甚至再悬浮;悬沙浓度对沉积动力的响应在涨、落潮,大、小潮阶段均有各自的特点,水动力的变化、潮流加/减速时间的长短、床面泥沙的供应量、上部水体泥沙的沉降是导致悬沙浓度变化的主要原因;底部边界层内,涨、落潮期间不对称输沙导致潮周期内悬沙净向河口湾内输运。 相似文献
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珠江口的沉积作用和沉积相 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
珠江口为华南沿海的重要河口,是珠江水(系(西江、北江、东江、流溪河)的受水盆地。珠江流域每年有8000余万吨悬沙。大约3000万吨溶解质和少量底沙进入珠江河口区域,它们在迳流、潮流和其他海洋动力因素共同影响下,沉积作用甚为活跃。但是珠江口水域宽阔,地形复杂,各河口、河口湾或湾外区域的动力背景及泥沙运动不尽相同,因而其沉积作用和沉积特征也具有区域差异。 相似文献
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In October of 2004, a 3-d observational program to measure flow and sediment resuspension within a coastal intertidal salt
marsh was conducted in the North Inlet/Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve located near Georgetown, South Carolina.
Current and acoustic backscatter profiles were obtained from a moored acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) deployed in
a shallow tidal channel during the spring phase of the tidal cycle under high discharge conditions. The channel serves as
a conduit between Winyah Bay, a large brackish estuary, and North Inlet, a saline intertidal coastal salt marsh with little
freshwater input. Salinity measurements indicate that the water column is vertically well mixed during flood, but becomes
vertically stratified during early ebb. The stratification results from brackish (15 psu) Winyah Bay water entering North
Inlet via the tidal channel, suggesting an exchange mechanism that permits North Inlet to receive a fraction of the poor water
quality and high discharge flow from upland rivers. Although maximum flood currents exceed maximum ebb currents by 0.2 m s−1, suspended sediment concentrations are highest during the latter ebb phase and persist for a longer fraction of the ebb cycle.
Even though the channel is flood-dominated, the higher concentrations occurring over a longer fraction of the ebb phase indicate
net particulate transport from Winyah Bay to North Inlet during spring tide accompanied by high discharge. Our evidence suggests
that the higher concentrations during ebb result from increased bed friction caused by flow asymmetries and variations in
water depth in which the highest stresses occur near the end of ebb near low water despite stronger maximum currents during
flood. 相似文献
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We describe the tidal circulation of a coastal plain estuary across a flood tide delta located at its entrance. The area connects
the downstream portion of the main estuary extending 30–40 km inland to the more complex delta reach that consists of a shallow
main channel and a series of smaller side channels. The delta acts as a frictionally dominated zone that modifies the tidal
wave from a simple sinusoid to one with ebb currents that accelerate to maximum early in the tidal cycle and last more than
one-half of the tidal cycle. Along smaller side channels, the tidal currents favor stronger flood or ebb currents, depending
upon the local surrounding morphology. The phase difference between ebb currents in the small channels relative to those in
the main channel cause some of the salt to be retained thus reducing the tendency of freshwater discharge to flush salt out
of the system. This mechanism of retention differs from the selective withdrawal mechanism described for this estuary in Blanton
et al. (2000). 相似文献
19.
A tidally-induced frontal system regularly develops in a small area off Newport News Point in the lower James River, one of the tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. In conjunction with the front, a strong counter-clockwise eddy develops on the shoals flanking the northern side of the channel as the result of tidal interaction with the local bathymetry and estuarine stratification. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was applied to simulate the eddy evolution and front development, and to investigate time-varying circulation and material transport over a spring-neap tidal cycle. The model results show that variation of tidal range, together with periodic stratification-destratification of the estuary, has a significant impact on the residual circulation of the lower James River. The net surface water circulation, which takes the form of a counterclockwise eddy on the Hampton Flats, is stronger during neap tide than during spring tide. Strong stratification and weak flood current during neap tide results in a dominant ebb flow at the surface, which delays flooding within the channel and advances the phase lead of flood tide on shoals adjacent to the channel, thus increasing both period and intensity of the eddy. Front development in the area off Newport News Point provides a linkage between shoal surface water and channel bottom water, producing a strong net upriver bottom transport. The existence of the vertical transport mechanism was independently demonstrated through tracer experiments. The impact of the dynamics on larval dispersion was investigated through a series of model simulations of the movement of shellfish larvae over multiple tidal cycles following their release at selected bottom sites. These results show that eddy-induced horizontal circulation and vertical transport associated with the frontal system are important mechanisms for the retention of larval organisms in the James River. 相似文献
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Measurements were made of tidal currents, bed sediment particle sizes, and bedform dimensions at the South Branch and the
South Channel of the Changjiang estuary, China, during the dry season in 1997 and the flood season in 1998. The near bottom
current speed and direction were measured by a mechanical current meter for 10 h in 1997. The near surface current speed and
direction were measured by a Current Meter of Endeco/YSI Inc. 174 SSM for 14 h in 1997 and 1998. Nine bed sediment samples
were taken and their particle sizes were analyzed with sieves and siphons. The bedforms were nautically detected by an echo
sounder and a side scan sonar. Results show that the ebb tides had larger near-bottom and near-surface current speeds and
longer durations than the flood tides, in which the former occurred during the flood season in 1998 and not in the dry season
in 1997. The bed sediments were composed of coarse silts and very fine sands during the dry season but of fine sands during
the flood season. Bedforms were dominated by ebb tidal currents, the height∶length ratios of dunes and lee face angles were
low, and heights and lengths were larger during the flood season in 1998. The ebb and flood tidal currents, bed sediment sizes,
and dune morphology were largely controlled by the seasonal runoff variations. A new tentative boundary might be proposed
for natural dunes in very fine sand with the availability of additional field data in the future. 相似文献