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1.
The uranium content of twelve rock reference samples, five from the Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology, four from the Czechoslovakian Institute of Mineral Raw Materials and three from the United States Geological Survey was determined by neutron activation followed by delayed-neutron counting. Uranium contents measured ranged from 0.20 to 560 ppm. Three of the Canadian samples have relatively well established uranium contents. Of these we agree well with two of them; our value on the third is ∼13% lower than the recommended value. Comparison of our data on the other samples with other researchers is not yet possible because (i) no determinations are yet reported on several of these samples and (ii) even when several reported values are available, the wide disparity of those values does not allow meaningful comparison. 相似文献
2.
1913年成立的中央地质调查所(成立时称农商部地质调查所)是中国建立的第一个国家级科研机构,代表了中国现代科学的起始,在中国现代科学发展史上具有举足轻重的地位.在它成立后的几十年间,中央地质调查所在区域地质调查、矿产资源勘查、大地构造学、地震学、土壤学、古生物与古人类学等众多领域,取得了一系列举世瞩目的学术成就,是民国... 相似文献
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Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis of Estuarine Sediment as a Proposed Reference Material for Environmental Studies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Shahida Waheed Mohammad Wasim Asma Rahman Shujaat Ahmad 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2001,25(1):137-143
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Marine Environmental Studies Laboratory (MEL) organised an intercomparison exercise, through its Analytical Quality Control Services (AQCS), for the determination of trace elements in estuarine sediment IAEA-405, well suited for the characterisation of sediments. The instrumental neutron activation analysis technique (INAA) was developed using a 27 kW low power research reactor. Forty elements in the sediment were determined with a measurement precision varying from 1.8% to 12.3%. IAEA reference materials SL-1 and SD-M-2/TM were analysed throughout this work as quality assurance samples. 相似文献
4.
Zdenek Randa Jaroslav Frána Jirí Mizera Jan Kucera Jirí K. Novák Jaromír Ulrych Anatolij G. Belov Oleg D. Maslov 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2007,31(3):275-283
More than 130 samples of Tertiary phonolitic, trachytic and trachyandesitic rocks, representing evolved members of strongly and weakly alkaline volcanic rock series of the Ohre (Eger) Rift in the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic, were analysed by instrumental neutron and photon activation analysis (INAA and IPAA, respectively). Forty-two major and trace elements were determined to explain the origin of such evolved rocks. Specific features of INAA and IPAA of the silicic, highly alkaline rocks are discussed, and results for selected samples are given. 相似文献
5.
青田石品种众多,从颜色角度出发选取代表性的4个青田石品种:紫罗兰、荠菜绿、红花星、红木冻,通过偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射、电子探针、电感耦合等离子质谱仪等测试方法,对其矿物学特征进行研究,对其颜色成因进行探讨。结果表明,紫罗兰主要矿物为伊利石,含蓝线石、高岭石,Ti、Mn、Fe含量高,使其整体呈蓝紫色;荠菜绿主要矿物为叶蜡石,与绿泥石伴生,Fe、Cr、Ni含量高呈绿色,但Fe含量过高使整体带灰色调;红花星主要矿物为叶蜡石,含高岭石,主体Ti、Fe含量极少,但红色包裹体Ti、Fe含量较高,再加上Cr元素的作用,使其呈鲜艳红色;红木冻主要矿物为叶蜡石,Fe、Ti含量最高,使其呈现深红褐色。 相似文献
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M.D. Norman W.P. Leeman D.P. Blanchard§ J. G. Fitton† D. James† 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1989,13(2):283-290
Element concentration data for a set of silicate igneous rocks have been determined by four independent analytical methods: inductivelycoupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP), instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ID). The results show excellent agreement among elements determined by more than one technique, and demonstrate the suitability of commercially available ICP instrumentation for the routine analysis of geologic material compared to other standard methods. 相似文献
8.
中国地质科学院所属的地质研究所、矿产资源研究所、地质力学研究所、水文地质环境地质研究所、岩溶地质研究所、地球物理地球化学勘查研究所及院机关在对其2013年度承担的总计1022个科技项目进行所级选拔择优的基础上, 于2014年1月9—10日在北京召开了中国地质科学院2013年度科技成果汇报交流暨十大科技进展评选会, 对推荐出的21项优秀科技成果进行汇报交流。来自国土资源部、教育部、中国科学院、中国地震局、中国石油化工集团公司等部门的42位院士专家组成的评选委员会, 经过认真、严谨的评审和投票, 评选出了中国地质科学院2013年度十大科技进展并逐一进行了点评。获奖成果涉及学科领域包括基础地质、矿产资源、水文地质工程地质与环境地质和技术方法, 代表了中国地质科学院的最新、最高研究水平。 相似文献
9.
A SELF-CONSISTENT COMPILATION OF ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATION DATA FOR 93 GEOCHEMICAL REFERENCE SAMPLES 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Randy L. KOROTEV 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1996,20(2):217-245
Concentration data obtained by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) are presented for up to 36 chemical elements in 93 geochemical reference samples, including some for which there are little previous data. Because all data are based on at least three independent analyses, and for many of the data the uncertainty associated with counting is an insignificant source of error, the values presented here are considered of higher precision than generally reported by INAA. Information on subsampling error (sample heterogeneity) is also presented. 相似文献
10.
Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Geological Reference Materials: A Comparative Study by INAA and ICP-MS 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Fung Dai Kin M. Isabel Prudêncio M. Ângela Gouveia Erik Magnusson 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1999,23(1):47-58
Data was obtained for the rare earth elements (REE) by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in twenty geological reference materials. In general, the precision obtained by ICP-MS is better for the light REE, decreasing with increasing atomic number. This is partly a result of the occurrence of the heavy REE at low concentrations. The precision of the data obtained by INAA is good (5% RSD). The data obtained also showed that for the elements determined by both methods, the accuracy is similar for the light REE and better for the middle and heavy REEs by INAA. Higher uncertainty is achieved by ICP-MS mainly for elements at very low concentrations, occurring at about ten times the chondritic values. 相似文献
11.
In the past, there has been little interest in the trace element characteristics of quartz, and in consequence little activity in the trace element characteristics of reference materials with high silicon content. The main purpose of this paper is to contribute to the characterisation of two international certified reference materials, BCS 313/1 from the Bureau of Analysed Samples, (BAS), UK and SRM 1830 from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA. BCS 313/1 was analysed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), solution ICP-MS and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). NIST SRM 1830 was analysed by LA-ICP-MS and INAA. Analytical results are reported for more than forty elements, most of them for the first time. For most elements, the results obtained by the different methods agree within 15 % relative. The recent, heightened interest in quartz and in particular the precise determination of trace0element contents in natural quartz samples requires the use of well characterised reference materials such as BCS 313/1 and SRM 1830, to which this study is designed to contribute. 相似文献
12.
This review describes developments major and in trace element determination using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry that were reported in 2008 and 2009. Publication levels were comparable to those of previous years, except for XRF which showed an increase in the number of articles published in the past 2 years. In terms of number of publications and impact, the most active field was AAS, while INAA was the least active. As expected for well-established and mature methods, novel developments for all four analytical techniques were relatively sparse. For AAS, the most notable publications concerned developments in sample introduction, particularly focussing on solid samples, increasing analyte sensitivity, and higher sample throughput. For ICP-AES, publication of developments in sample introduction, remediation of matrix effects and calibration continues. Compared with past years, there was a clear focus on sample preconcentration methods, but very few publications reporting new hyphenated speciation methods. For INAA, there were several publications exploring the accuracy and robustness of the method, as well as the requirements for INAA to meet criteria for a primary method of measurement. Two other related techniques, delayed neutron activation analysis, and prompt gamma activation analysis, were also described. Hyphenated XRF techniques showed interesting developments in enabling XRF and XRD analysis on the same spot, and further work characterising and calibrating three-dimensional micro-XRF shows promising results for investigating sample heterogeneity. 相似文献
13.
Instrumental neutron activation in geoanalysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Theoretical aspects of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) are discussed. Various applications of INAA to exploration geochemistry are described demonstrating its capabilities and its limitations.Cost, turnaround time, high sensitivity for certain elements, the non-destructive nature of analysis and its precision and accuracy have combined to make INAA an indispensible method for multielement determination on virtually all geological matrices. Humus, vegetation, heavy minerals, lake bottom sediments as well as rocks and soils comprise the major sample types analyzed by INAA. As many as 50 elements can be determined routinely and easily by INAA. 相似文献
14.
On behalf of the Serbian Government, the Ministries of Mining and Energy and of Science and Environment Protection are signatories to a master plan for the promotion of the mining industry in Serbia. This is being achieved with the assistance of the Japanese Government through the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA), who engaged a mining company from Tokyo–Mindeco (Mitsui Mineral Development Engineering Co. Ltd) to partner the Serbian ministries, the Mining and Geology Faculty in Belgrade, the Geological Institute of Serbia (Belgrade), the Copper Institute (Bor), and the Military Geographical Institute (Belgrade), as well as private companies dealing in geological exploration, etc. Apart from other things, the master plan contains a newly‐formed GIS application, which registers exploration, exploitation fields and other relevant data. This GIS web application was one the first steps towards the realization of ‘e‐Government’ in the field of geological exploration and mining activities within the Republic of Serbia. 相似文献
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贵州中北部燃煤型砷中毒地区煤中砷的赋存状态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贵州中北部存在着高砷煤并引起环境和健康问题,对这些地区的煤进行了中子活化分析(INAA)、电子探针(EMPA)、能谱扫描电子显微镜(SEM-EDX)、低温灰化(LTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X光吸收精细结构(XAFS)和连续淋滤实验分析,综合研究了这些煤中砷的赋存状态。结果表明不同煤中砷具有不同的赋存状态。在部分样品中砷主要以无机砷的形式存在,而在其它样品中砷主要以有机砷的形式存在。除了黄铁矿和毒砂外,SEM-EDX结合LTA和XRD发现硫酸盐、粘土也不同程度含有砷。XAFS显示煤中的砷主要以As5+的形式存在。连续淋滤实验表明在样品ZJ-1中超过50%的砷不能被淋滤出来,而在另外两个样品(ZJ-8和RH-5B)中绝大部分的砷被淋滤出来。综合分析表明一些煤中以+5价存在的砷主要与有机质结合。煤中如此高的砷及其主要与有机质结合的现象是很罕见。 相似文献
17.
Six chemical subsource groups were identified in the analysis of 84 obsidian samples collected from subsource locations at Coso volcanic field, California. In prehistoric times, Coso provided obsidian for artifacts found from San Francisco Bay to San Diego to Death Valley to the eastern Mojave Desert. Subsource groups were defined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of 29 elements followed by cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and bivariate plotting. The new data are compared to previously published INAA and X‐ray fluorescence data. Characterization of 55 obsidian artifacts from archaeological sites located approximately 100 miles from Coso suggests preferential usage of specific subsources as a function of the directionality of travel. The results are consistent with a bimodal (resident and itinerant) model of procurement. This research illustrates the importance of accurate sourcing of obsidian artifacts when attempting to define subsource usage. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
18.
一批地质标准物质通过部级鉴定１９９４年５月２０日～２１日全国地质矿产标准化技术委员会岩矿测试标准样品及方法分技术委员会在北京举行会议，组织评审了一批地质标准物质，通过了“黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿４种矿物标准物质的研制”、“铅锌、铅锌铜、镍钴、钨... 相似文献
19.
The technique of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) has been used to analyze chip samples of geological material for 12 elements. Discriminant analysis has been used to classify the unknown chip samples to the correct stratum in a sedimentary succession. 相似文献
20.
A consistent pattern has been observed in the results obtained for Au in three soil and two porphyry copper ore samples serving as control reference standards in geochemical analyses. The mean reported by wet chemical methods (regardless of the measurement technique) was less than the mean by fire assay-based methods which, in turn, was less than the mean reported by laboratories using direct instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). These data have been obtained from 16 laboratories, some employing more than one method. Compared to INAA, values obtained for Au (at the 30–300 ppb level) using aqua regia (AR) dissolution were low by 24–42%, while those reported by fire assay-based methods were low by 14–26%.Studies of these samples and 32 rocks of widely varying composition revealed that the amount of Au remaining in the residue after AR attack ranged from 4% to 59% of the total. Gold dissolved by AR was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) after extraction into MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone), whereas Au remaining in the residue was determined by INAA. The slope of the line obtained by plotting Au by INAA vs. the sum of Au by AR/GFAAS and Au in the residue was not significantly different from 1.0.Modifications to the AR procedure such as prior attack by HCl or HF did not improve the recovery of Au in the three reference soils. However, reduction of sample size from 10 g to 1 g while maintaining the volume of AR at about 30 ml did increase results for Au. Furthermore, addition of HF in the attack on 1-g samples yielded results virtually identical to those obtained by INAA. It is thought that the poor extraction efficiency by AR is due to non-wetting of the larger sized sample, a lack of intimate, prolonged contact between the grains of the sample and the acid mixture and the presence of insoluble gangue surrounding Au particles. Constant agitation of the sample during evaporation with AR is desirable.The mean values obtained for Au in the soils by fire assay methods were not significantly different from the results by INAA (low by 14–19%); this was not the case for the two copper ore samples (low by 26%). This probably reflects the difficulties encountered in fire assay by high concentrations of Cu which hinder effective collection and separation of Au into the Pb button. However, the accuracy of the INAA method has not been established and is dependent upon measurement procedures and the degree of certainty associated with the Au values assumed for the reference materials employed for calibration. While estimation of precision does not present a problem, accuracy is difficult to assess in the absence of certified reference materials for Au at concentrations in the 10–300 ppb range. However, it is concluded that methods based upon AR dissolution can lead to low results, the magnitude being dependent upon the sample matrix and the mineralogical association of the Au present. 相似文献