共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
蔡晓军 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1999,22(3):10-12
应用线性非静力数值模式,对中－α尺度中线性和非线性横波不稳定的结构演变进行了数值模拟理想试验。结果表明：在线性非线性横波不稳定在其发展初期,都有“猫眼”流型出现;随着不稳定的进一步发展,非线性作用增强,其扰动结构不同于线性情况,流函数的扰动最后演变为以负环流为主的结构。 相似文献
2.
蔡晓军 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1999,(3)
应用非线性非静力数值模式,对中一α尺度中线性和非线性横波不稳定的结构演变进行了数值模拟理想试验。结果表明：线性和非线性横波不稳定在其发展初期,都有“猫眼”流型出现;随着不稳定的进一步发展,非线性作用增强,其扰动结构不同干线性情况,流函数的扰动最后演变为以负环流为主的结构。 相似文献
3.
中尺度对称不稳定和横波不稳定的波动性质 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
使用纬向线性以及非线性切变基流下中尺度扰动的Boussinesq近似方程组，讨论了两种典型的中尺度扰动发生对称不稳定或者横波不稳定时，其不稳定的一些特征以及扰动的波动性质。研究结果表明：（1）对于扰动的等位相面平行于基本气流方向的对称性扰动来说，对称不稳定的波动实质是沿着与基本气流方向相垂直的方向传播的重力惯性内波的不稳定。基流二次切变对于中尺度对称扰动来说是一个不稳定因子，并且驱动不稳定的中尺度对称扰动在南北方向传播；（2）对于扰动的等位相面垂直于基本气流方向的横波性扰动来说，在基本气流为常数或者只具有线性切变的情况下，此时根本不存在涡旋Rossby波，横波不稳定的波动实质则是沿着基本气流方向双向传播的重力惯性内波的不稳定。如果考虑基本流场的风速存在二次切变或者非线性切变时，此时就会产生一支新的波动（涡旋Rossby波），涡旋Rossby波相对于基本气流^-U0是单向传播的，涡旋Rossby波产生的物理根源是基本流场的风速^-U二次切变（β＊=^-Uzz≠0），此时横波型不稳定可能是混合的涡旋Rossby——重力波的不稳定。实际大气中，涡旋Rossby波对于中够尺度对流云核、暴雨团等天气系统的发生、发展和演变的物理机制具有极其重要的意义。 相似文献
4.
线性与非线性对称不稳定的数值试验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
设计了一个准二维非静力数值模式，用该模式研究了对称不稳定的发展和演变特征。线性和非线性对称不稳定的数值试验结果表明。线性和非线性对称环流的演变特征及其结构有很大差异。在基本状态是对称不稳定的情况下，线性对称不稳定在其发展过程中始终维持着向冷区倾斜的对称环流；而非线性对称不稳定在其发展初期与线性情况相同，当扰动增长到一定程度时非线性平流项的作用不可忽略，原来对称的环流则被破坏。 相似文献
5.
本文采用线性化、无粘、绝热的 Boussinesq方程组 ,研究了 β中尺度波段的不稳定问题 ,讨论在不同理逊数下扰动的稳定性增长率分布。在不同的 Ri下 ,不稳定的出现对波长有选择性 ,在小 Ri 时 ,即 Ri<0 .95 ,β中尺度波段存在对称不稳定 ,Ri 数越小 ,对称不稳定的增长率越大 ,此外还存在横波型扰动的不稳定和斜交型扰动的不稳定。当 Ri 数增大时 ,Ri>1时对称不稳定已不存在 ,但其余两类不稳定仍存在 ,且在 β中尺度波段中较大尺度的扰动以横波型扰动的不稳定占优 ,而较小尺度的扰动以斜交型扰动的不稳定占优。 相似文献
6.
计算分析了不同的环境场下,三种类型β中尺度扰动的不稳定结构,结果表明β中尺度对称不稳定的结构与α中尺度扰动不同,随水平尺度的减小,不稳定重力惯性波的垂直波数增大;斜交型扰动与横波型扰动不稳定的结构相似的,在Ri较小时,其流函数的垂直结构表现为"猫眼"流型,在Ri较大时,其流函数的垂直结构表现为不规则的波动流型,这说明在β中尺度范围内,这两种不稳定也是同源的. 相似文献
7.
非线性垂直切变基流中横波型扰动的不稳定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过数值计算扰动的波谱和谱函数,对垂直非线性切变基流中横波型扰动的不稳定作了数值研究,给出了不稳定谱函数的结构,讨论了不稳定的性质。主要结论有:在基流为非线性垂直切变时,对三支波动连续谱区互不重叠的天气尺度情况,此时出现的不稳定扰动其性质是准地转涡旋波的不稳定,即Rossby波的斜压不稳定。在中α尺度中高端,虽有涡旋波和重力惯性波连续谱区的部分重叠,但这时不稳定的性质仍是涡旋波的不稳定,即准平衡的斜压不稳定。在中α尺度低端,既有准平衡涡旋波的不稳定,又有非平衡的涡旋-重力惯性混合波的不稳定(第一类混合波不稳定)。中β尺度不稳定的性质则是非平衡的涡旋-重力惯性混合波的不稳定,包括第一类混合波不稳定和第二类混合波不稳定。上述情况与线性垂直切变基流的结论相一致,但这里因基流垂直分布较复杂,垂直方向会出现散涡比以1为界的多段交替分布。综上,对于横波型扰动,只要基流不是常数,且层结稳定,虽此时存在纯重力惯性波连续谱区,但均无纯重力惯性波的不稳定,只有涡旋-重力惯性混合波的不稳定。 相似文献
8.
本文应用一准两维的非静力平衡数值模式研究了凝结加热反馈对线性及非线性对称不稳定的影响。数值试验结果表明:当Ri<1时，对于一定的加热廓线，Wave-CISK可以激发出快速增长的线性对称不稳定，其指数增长率比无加热时增加一倍半，并产生向暖区的移动，而加热廓线对对称不稳定的发生发展及结构都有明显的影响。具有凝结加热的非线性对称不稳定在其发展初期与线性情况相同，当扰动增长到一定强度，非线性作用增强，其不稳定增长速度就减慢，原来对称的环流结构被破坏，正环流不断减弱，负环流不断增强。 相似文献
9.
10.
"1998年二度梅"暴雨与非线性亚临界对称不稳定的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
对1998年7月20日00时8月1日12时这段梅雨暴雨过程进行诊断分析，并利用MM5V3中尺度模式作梅雨暴雨的数值试验，结果表明：(1)本次梅雨暴雨分为3大段过程，非线性亚临界对称不稳定可能是3段梅雨暴雨形成的重要机制；(2)扰动风场增长与降水增长关系密切，扰动风场的增长会超前于降水的增长，非线性亚临界对称不稳定的增强可能使降水增强；(3)非线性亚临界对称不稳定主要发生在高层200hPa，中层500hPa也有发生。非线性亚临界对称不稳定使线性对称稳定的大气变为不稳定。降水区和暴雨中心主要位于高层200hPa和中层500hPa扰动风场极大值南侧与低层850hPa扰动风场极大值北侧之间。(4)非线性亚临界对称不稳定扰动的P折时间和空间尺度，分别为5～8h和200～300km。 相似文献
11.
An Improved Approach for Parameterizing Surface-Layer Turbulent Transfer Coefficients in Numerical Models 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Based on classic iterative computation results, new equations to calculate the surface turbulent transfer coefficients are
proposed, which allow for large ratios of the momentum and heat roughness lengths. Compared to the Launiainen scheme, our
proposed scheme generates results closer to classical iterative computations. Under unstable stratification, the relative
error in the Launiainen scheme increases linearly with increasing instability, even exceeding 15%, while the relative error
of the present scheme is always less than 8.5%. Under stable stratification, the Launiainen scheme uses two equations, one
for 0 < Ri
B ≤ 0.08 and another for 0.08 < Ri
B ≤ 0.2, and does not consider the condition that Ri
B > 0.2, while its relative errors in the region 0 < Ri
B ≤ 0.2 exceed 31 and 24% for momentum and heat transfer coefficients, respectively. In contrast, the present scheme uses only
one equation for 0 < Ri
B ≤ 0.2 and another equation for Ri
B > 0.2, and the relative error of the present scheme is always less than 14%. 相似文献
12.
William Blumen Robert Banta Sean P. Burns David C. Fritts Rob Newsom Gregory S. Poulos Jielun Sun 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2001,34(2-4)
An apparent shear flow instability occurred in the stably stratified night-time boundary layer on 6 October 1999 over the Cooperative Atmosphere–Surface Exchange Study (CASES-99) site in southeast Kansas. This instability promoted a train of billows which appeared to be in different stages of evolution. Data were collected by sonic anemometers and a high-frequency thermocouple array distributed on a 60 m tower at the site, and a high resolution Doppler lidar (HRDL), situated close to the tower. Data from these instruments were used to analyze the characteristics of the instability and the billow event. The instability occurred in a layer characterized by a minimum Richardson number Ri0.13, and where an inflection in the background wind profile was also documented. The billows, which translated over the site for approximately 30 min, were approximately L320 m in length and, after billow evolution they were contained in a layer depth H30 m. Their maximum amplitude, determined by HRDL data, occurred at a height of 56 m. Billow overturns, responsible for mixing of heat and momentum, and high-frequency intermittent turbulence produce kurtosis values above the Gaussian value of 3, particularly in the lower part of the active layer. 相似文献
13.
Philip S. Anderson 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,131(3):345-362
The empirical dependence of turbulence Prandtl number (Pr) on gradient Richardson number (Ri) is presented, derived so as to avoid the effects of self-correlation from common variables. Linear power relationships between
the underlying variables that constitute both Pr and Ri are derived empirically from flux and profile observations. Pr and Ri are then reconstructed from these power laws, to indicate their interdependence whilst avoiding self-correlation. Data are
selected according to the stability range prior to regression, and the process is iterated from neutral to higher stability
until error analysis indicates the method is no longer valid. A Butterworth function is fitted to the resulting Pr
−1(Ri) regression to give an empirical summary of the analysis. The form suggests that asymptotically Pr
−1 decreases as Ri
3/2. Scatter in the data increases above Ri ~ 1, however, indicating additional constraints to Pr are not captured by Ri alone in this high stability regime. The Butterworth function is analytic for all Ri > 0, and may be included in suitable boundary-layer parameterisation schemes where the turbulent diffusivity for heat is
derived from the turbulent diffusivity for momentum. 相似文献
14.
We present some algebraic and numerical simulations of the stable boundary layer. We also discuss the problem of the existence
of a critical Richardson number (Ri), beyond which the turbulence is suppressed. We compare the results of a second-order algebraic model with those of a third-order
numerical model and, to this purpose, numerical simulations of a wind-tunnel flow, which is characterized by various Richardson
numbers, were performed. As far as the second-order model is concerned, solutions, for the Richardson number greater than
any critical value, can be obtained by modifying the time scales of the second-order equation pressure correlation terms in
order to account for a buoyancy damping factor. We show that using a third-order model allows the same results (no critical
Richardson number) to be obtained without modifications to the time scales. It is suggested that the non-locality, accounted
for by the third-order moments, could allow the turbulence to persist also for Ri > 1. 相似文献
15.
Summary Field observations were carried out in order to determine the transfer coefficeient of sensible heat flux above a melting snow surface at the Moshiri experimental site. The coefficient is calculated as the ratio of the sensible heat flux determined by the eddy correlation method using a sonic anemometer to the product of the wind speed and the temperature difference between the air and snow surface. The sensible heat fluxes are also compared with the result of the precise heat balance observations. The nondimensional transfer coefficienth shows a good correlation with the atmospheric stability,Ri. The value ofh=2.3×10–3 is obtained in the range of 0<Ri<0.1, however, it is smaller and scattered under stronger stable condition (Ri>0.1). The dimensional transfer coefficent for sensible heat flux is calculated, and a linear relationship is obtained as a function of the logarithm of atmospheric stability.With 11 Figures 相似文献
16.
Turbulent mixing across heat-stratified density interfaces was studied in the laboratory using oscillating-grid generated turbulence. The aim was to study the transition between the entrainment regimes dominated by interfacial wave-breaking and molecular diffusion, and to study the characteristics of the latter. It was observed that, above a critical Richardson number Ric, which depends on the Peclet number Pe, the mixing due to wave breaking disappears and that Ric Pe−n, where the mean value of the exponent n is approximately
. Above Ric, the entrainment is molecular-diffusion dominated and takes place through a sequence of events: the buoyancy gradient of the initially sharp density interface is weakened by molecular diffusion until the mixed-layer eddies can engulf a portion of the interfacial layer wherefore the interface sharpens again. Thus, the entrainment events are recurrent with a rate-controlling diffusion stage between them. An entrainment law of the form E Ri−2Pe−2, where E is the entrainment coefficient and Ri is the Richardson number, is suggested for the diffusion-dominated entrainment regime. 相似文献
17.
A new method for obtaining instantaneous vertical profiles of two components of velocity and temperature in thermally stratified turbulent shear flows is presented. In this report, the design and construction of the traversing system will be discussed and results to date will be presented. The method is based on rapid vertical sampling whereby probe sensors are moved vertically at a high speed such that the measurement is approximately instantaneous. The system is designed to collect many measurements for the calculation of statistics such as vertical wave number spectra, mean square vertical gradients, and Thorpe scales. Results are presented for vertical profiles of temperature and compared to vertical profiles measured by single-point Eulerian time averages. The quality of the vertical profiles is found to be good over many profiles. Some comparisons are made between vertical measurements and standard single-point Eulerian measurements for three cases of stably stratified turbulent shear flow in which the initial microscale Reynolds number, Reλ≈30. In case 1, the mean conditions are characterized by a gradient Richardson number, Rig=0.015, for which the flow is “unstable”, meaning the spatially evolving turbulent kinetic energy (Ek) grows. In case 2, Rig=0.095, for which the evolving turbulent kinetic energy is almost constant. In case 3, the flow is highly stable, where Rig=0.25 and Ek decays with spatial evolution. The measurements indicate anisotropy in the small scales for all cases. In particular, it is found that the ratio
grows initially to a maximum and then decays with further evolution. Maximum Thorpe displacements are measured and compared to single-point measures of the vertical scales. It is found that vertical length scales derived from single-point measurements, such as the Ozmidov scale, LO=(ε/N3)1/2 and the overturn scale, Lt=θ′/(dT/dz), do not represent well the wide range of overturning scales which are actually present in the turbulence. 相似文献
18.
Based on data obtained during the Hualhe River Basin Experiment （HUBEX） in 1999, this study intends to detect the quantitative discrepancies in the momentum （τ0）, sensible heat （H0） and latent heat （E0） fluxes among six sets of similarity functions with the aerodynamic method. It also aims to clarify the applicability of the functions under stable conditions. The relative discrepancy was studied with the normalized transfer coefficients for τ0, H0 and E0, namely CD, CH and CQ, respectively. Except for one set of functions that adopted a rather small von Kármán＇s constant （0.365）, the relative discrepancy in τ0 among the other functions was less than 10%, while that in H0（E0） sometimes reached 25% when the bulk Richardson number （R/B） was less than 0.07. The absolute discrepancy in the fluxes was studied with statistical computations. Among the six sets of functions, the discrepancy in τ0, H0 and E0 sometimes reached 0.03 kg m^-1 s^-2, 4 W m^-2 and 10 W m^-2, respectively, and the discrepancy in the energy balance ratio sometimes exceeded 0.1. Furthermore, when RiB exceeded the critical value （Ric） for a specific set of functions, no fluxes could be derived with the functions. It is therefore suggested that RiB be compared with Ric before computing the fluxes if RiB is less than Ric. Finally, two sets of nonlinear similarity functions are recommended, due to their unlimited applicability in terms of RiB. 相似文献