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1.
对公开发表的有关北极海域铁锰结核和结壳的分布区域、化学成分,矿物类型以及年代学等数据资料进行搜集整理后发现,目前已知的浅水铁锰样品主要分布在喀拉海和楚科奇海域内,而深水铁锰样品主要位于楚科奇海台、加拿大海盆、门捷列夫海岭和阿尔法海岭内。深水铁锰样品主要为水生成因,除Mn外,主要有用金属含量均远高于浅水样品,且多种金属与全球重要结核和结壳成矿带内的样品含量相当,展示出一定的资源潜力。深水铁锰样品生长时间长达1 500万a,对应着中新世弗拉姆海峡开启,北冰洋开始与北大西洋进行深水交换时期。浅水铁锰样品主要为成岩成因,周边陆源非金属物质的供给量较大,资源潜力低。 相似文献
2.
《热带海洋学报》2017,(2)
为了解南海北部不同海域铁锰结核中常微量、稀土元素的赋存特点及其富集机制,采用化学淋滤法提取南海北部上陆坡、下陆坡、深海盆3个区域铁锰结核的碳酸盐相、铁锰氧化相、残渣相组分,测定了常微量元素、稀土元素含量,揭示了不同相的元素赋存状态及其意义。Fe-Mn-(Cu+Co+Ni)判别图表明,上陆坡铁锰结核属于与冷泉流体相关的水成成因类型;下陆坡区和深海盆的铁锰结核形成环境相似,属于典型的水成成因类型。结核中K、Ca、Na、Mg、Sr主要富集在碳酸盐相,Fe、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb主要赋存在铁锰氧化物相,Al、Ti和Mo主要出现在残渣相。常微量元素赋存状态变化受多种因素影响,钙质生物生产力的强弱和钙质生物碎屑的稀释作用是影响铁锰结核中碳酸盐相态元素变化的重要原因。铁锰结核的稀土元素主要富集在铁锰氧化物相,其次在碳酸盐相,而在残渣相的相对含量极少。不同海区铁锰结核稀土元素进入碳酸盐相的成因和机制基本相似,下陆坡和深海盆铁锰结核残渣相稀土元素配分模式相似,而与上陆坡铁锰结核的明显不同,残渣物质的来源、结核生长环境的氧化还原状态差异是主要影响因素。研究成果可为深入研究铁锰结核的元素迁移与转化、成矿作用与成矿物质来源及其相关的沉积环境、资源潜力评价等提供重要的基础资料。 相似文献
3.
本文采用X射线衍射、全岩地球化学和电子探针等测试方法,对雅浦海沟南部附近海域获得的铁锰结核样品进行了显微构造、矿物和地球化学分析,并探讨了其成因。结果表明:铁锰结核的显微构造主要包括平行纹层构造、柱状构造、叠层状构造和同心环状构造;显微构造和探针结果显示铁锰结核在生长初期处于底部海洋动力比较强烈的环境,后期生长环境逐渐趋于稳定;铁锰结核的矿物组分以水羟锰矿、钠水锰矿、石英和钙十字石为主;样品中Fe、Mn元素含量较高且含量比较接近,Cu、Co、Ni和REE相对富集,REE分布模式整体比较平缓并都出现较强的Ce正异常和重稀土元素亏损现象;文中两块铁锰结核都为水成成因,成矿物质主要来自同期的海水沉淀,同时也受一定海底火山物质和陆源风尘物质的影响。 相似文献
4.
太平洋南莱恩群岛和北科克群岛海域广泛分布锰结核。锰结核丰度变化从0.17公斤/米~2到31.2公斤/米~2,其中大于20公斤/米~2、15—10公斤/米~2和10—5公斤/米~2的站位分别为3.4％、13.8％和24％。锰结核大小从1厘米以下到10厘米,但多数直径在2—6厘米之间。锰结核的丰度变化与中结核(2—6厘米)的含量呈正比。结核分布和水深有关,以5000～5400米深度最为富集。在南纬5～9°的南部区多数丰度超过10公斤/米~2。控制南莱恩群岛和北科克群岛海域锰结核丰度变化的主要因素是沉积速率、碳酸盐补偿深度和浊流。 相似文献
5.
6.
过渡金属元素Cu、Co、Ni在铁锰结核(壳)中富集的控制因素 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在不同生成环境下生成的铁锰结核(壳)吸收不同的过渡金属元素。在成岩作用形成的铁锰结核中,Cu、Ni主要以锰相形式存在,而Co则以铁相的形式存在;在水成作用形成的铁锰结核(壳)中Cu、Co、Ni均以锰相的形式存在。这些过渡金属元素在成岩作用形成的结核中的存在与铁锰结核(壳)中锰矿物和铁的氧化物、氢氧化物的晶体化学特征密切相关,而在水成作用形成的铁锰结核(壳)中的富集与锰矿物和铁的氧化物、氢氧化物的晶体化。学特征关系不大。同时铁锰结核(壳)中锰矿物和铁的氧化物、氢氧化物又严格地受结核(壳)的生成环境的制约,因此,过渡金属元素Cu、Co、Ni在铁锰结核(壳)中的富集在一定程度上受结核(壳)生成环境的控制。 相似文献
7.
本文对采自东太平洋CC区的2块不同类型的铁锰结核及中太平洋麦哲伦海山的1块富Co结壳,采用XRD和ICP-MS(AES)等分析研究方法,进行了矿物地球化学的比较研究。结果表明:铁锰结核主要由水羟锰矿及钡镁锰矿组成,富Co结壳主要以水羟锰矿为主。与2块铁锰结核相比,富Co结壳总体上Cu、Al、Na含量较低而Co含量较高;两块不同类型的结核相比较,水成型铁锰结核的P、Ti含量较高,而成岩型铁锰结核的Cu、Ni含量较高。3块样品的稀土元素含量均较高,为(521.8~1 424.15)×10-6。REE分布型式总体呈平缓型,(La/Yb)N为0.72~1.01,并具程度不同的Ce、Eu正异常。经估算,富Co结壳的生长速率为1.92~4.24mm/Ma,水成型铁锰结核的生长速率为1.31~14.29 mm/Ma,成岩型铁锰结核的生长速率为11.24~76.32mm/Ma。并根据铁锰结核的化学成分变化推测了其生长环境的变化。 相似文献
8.
南海东北陆坡区铁锰结核的特征和成因 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
对取自南海东北陆坡区的铁锰结核成分进行了X射线衍射，中子活化和电子探针研究，结核的组成矿物有δMnO2、针铁矿，水针铁矿，石英，斜长石，角闪石，钾长石，伊利石和白云母等。铁锰成分变化较大:Fe为7．1％－16．0％；Mn为5．8％－7．7％。Cu,Co,Ni,Pb含量低，分别为0．04％－0．06％、0．11％－0．15％、0．02％－0．03％和0．05％－0．07％，Mn/Fe比值为0．7。铁锰结核从内壳层向外壳层含铁量逐渐增加，Cu,Ni含量波动降低，反映在其形成过程中受到沉积环境波动，陆源碎屑物供给增加和Mn,Cu,Ni,Co元素来量变化的影响，具有典型边缘海水沉积成因铁锰结核的特征。 相似文献
9.
论海洋底铁锰结核（壳）核心物质的起源 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
王焕夫 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1995,15(1):57-72
本文论述了海洋底铁锰结核（壳）核心物质的起源。不仅剖析了铁锰结核（壳）核心物质的研究历史与现状，时空分布及其属性，而且揭示了铁锰结核（壳）核心物质的起源、演化、现今性状与内在的规律性联系；同时还建立了铁锰结核（壳）五元核心物质分类模式；并且提出了铁锰结核的积成、裂解、再生和再造等一系列观点，指出了在铁锰结核（壳）矿床学研究领域的理论和实际意义。 相似文献
10.
本文论述了大洋底铁猛结核的再造问题，不仅从铁锰结核的天然积成和人为再造两个方面阐述了铁锰结核的再造证据，而且还提出了铁锰结核的再造设想方案，同时，对铁锰结核的再造前景作了评价。 相似文献
11.
ZHONG Yi CHEN Zhong GONZALEZ Francisco Javier ZHENG Xufeng LI Gang LUO Yun MO Aibin XU Antao WANG Shuhong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(7):41-54
Ferromanganese nodules and crusts contain relatively high concentration of rare earth elements(REE) and yttrium(REY),with a growing interest in exploitation as an alternative to land-based REY resources.On the basis of comprehensive geochemical approach,the abundance and distribution of REY in the ferromanganese nodules from the South China Sea are analyzed.The results indicate that the REY contents in ferromanganese deposits show a clear geographic regularity.Total REY contents range from 69.1×10~(–6) to 2 919.4×10~(–6),with an average value of 1 459.5×10~(–6).Especially,the enrichment rate of Ce content is high,accounting for almost 60% of the total REY.This REE enrichment is controlled mainly by the sorption of ferromanganese oxides and clay minerals in the nodules and crusts.Moreover,the total REY are higher in ferromanganese deposits of hydrogenous origin than of diagenetic origin.Finally,Light REE(LREE) and heavy REE(HREE) oxides of the ferromanganese deposits in the study area can be classified into four grades: non-enriched type,weakly enriched type,enriched type,and extremely enriched type.According to the classification criteria of rare earth resources,the Xisha and Zhongsha platform-central deep basin areas show a great potential for these rare earth metals. 相似文献
12.
西太平洋麦哲伦海山区是全球重要的铁锰结壳资源分布区,具有丰富的稀土元素资源潜力.本文对采自麦哲伦海山区Kocebu海山的11个铁锰结壳表层样(<1 mm)进行稀土元素地球化学研究,探讨其含量特征、成因和影响稀土元素富集的环境因素.结果表明:Kocebu海山铁锰结壳表层样品ΣREY(Rare earth elements... 相似文献
13.
Fifty analyses of rare earth elements as well as mineralogical studies have been carried out on a suite of manganese nodules and crusts from the Central Indian Basin and the Western Indian Ocean. The aim was to identify the processes controlling the REE patterns of the phases hosting the REE in the manganese nodules, with an emphasis on an understanding of the Ce anomaly. This has involved separating the encrusting layers and nuclei physically as well as Fe-Mn oxides from the aluminosilicate phase chemically (using a 2 M HCl leach) prior to analysis.
The presence of nodule nuclei seems to have little influence (mostly <5% to a maximum of 30%) on the overall magnitude of the Ce anomalies in these nodules. The ratios of concentrations of elements in the acid leachates and the corresponding bulk values yield flat REE patterns indicating that the aluminosilicate phase contributes very little to the Ce anomalies. Interelement relations indicate that the Ce anomalies are largely controlled by the amorphous mineral phase FeOOH.xH2O. The relationship of Fe, Ce anomaly and δ-MnO2 further suggests that Ce is chemisorbed onto iron oxyhydroxides which are epitaxially intergrown with δ-MnO2.
The regional distribution of the Ce anomaly values appears to depend on many of the factors responsible for the uptake of other minor metals in nodules and crusts. 相似文献
14.
通过对西太平洋帕里西维拉海盆东南部的C-P19柱状样和马里亚纳海沟南坡的L3柱状样进行粒度和稀土元素地球化学分析,探讨了二者物源的异同。结果表明:研究区沉积物的稀土元素含量基本不受沉积物粒度控制,主要受控于物源变化。物源判别结果指示二者的物源具有同源性,其中西马里亚纳海脊剥蚀下来的火山物质对研究区的物质来源贡献最大。火山物质中的重矿物可以影响到稀土元素的含量,例如锆石的含量和稀土元素总量(ΣREY)的相关系数可达0.86。来自中国内陆黄土的陆源风尘物质对两个研究区的物源供给也有一定贡献,但其贡献程度较小。由于马里亚纳海沟南坡更加远离大陆且纬度更低,其接受的亚洲风尘也比帕里西维拉海盆和挑战者深渊更少。此外,南极底层水流经研究区,对海盆和海沟的沉积物都造成一定影响,而且在马里亚纳海沟南坡更加活跃,因而帕里西维拉海盆东南部的沉积物比马里亚纳海沟南坡更易于保存。 相似文献
15.
稀土元素在成岩型海洋铁锰结核中的富集特征及机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
借助相分析中的偏提取方法对取自东太平洋深海平原上的成岩型铁锰结核进行了选择性提取实验以研究稀土元素在其中各矿物或氧化物相中的分布模式以及铁氧化物和锰氧化物对稀土元素的吸附机制.结果显示,尽管1 nm-水锰矿相对无定形铁的氧化物/氢氧化物而言是成岩型结核中的优势矿物,但是稀土元素主要富集在无定形铁的氧化物/氢氧化物中.虽然稀土元素在海水中主要是以碳酸盐络合物的形式存在,但是无定形铁的氧化物/氢氧化物则是从海水中获得自由稀土元素离子来络合,而1 nm-水锰矿则直接吸附稀土元素的碳酸盐络合物.因此,无定形铁的氧化物/氢氧化物对稀土元素来说具有比1 nm-水锰矿更强的络合能力.成岩型结核的Ce负异常是由于成岩型结核形成于缺氧微环境中,该环境不能把可溶性的Ce~(3+)氧化成不溶性的Ce~(4+)发生沉淀. 相似文献
16.
Said Tlig 《Marine Geology》1982,50(3):257-274
The REE distribution in size fractions of sediments and associated ferromanganese nodules from the Indian Ocean was studied. Bulk-sample patterns of sediments result from the combination of coarsest fractions depleted in Ce and fine fractions enriched in Ce. Ce depletion of the coarsest fractions is related to biogenic silica; on the contrary, REE distribution patterns of fine fractions are closely similar to those of associated ferromanganese nodules. The Ce excess in fine fractions is probably of continental origin, but it could also be derived from submarine weathering of volcanic glass or related to Ce oxydation in the marine environment. In fine fractions Ce is probably in its tetravalent state, hence it can easily be scavenged by fine clays and oxyhydroxydes. Trivalent REE can be incorporated in nodules, partly by occlusion of fine clays or oxyhydroxydes and partly by surface to surface transfer as was proposed by Ehrlich (1968). Comparison between REE patterns of fine-sized fractions, nodules and seawater also supported adsorption as a possible mechanism governing the incorporation of REE of sediments and nodules from seawater. Light REE are probably incorporated as oxyhydroxyde complexes, whereas heavy REE are markedly fractionated with increasing atomic number. This fractionation reflects the complexed form of the heavy REE in seawater. 相似文献
17.
本文针对采自印度洋深海中最常见的两类生物成因沉积物——钙质软泥和硅质软泥,开展了全岩样和不同粒级组分中常微量元素、稀土元素和Y（REY）含量的系统分析,探讨了两类沉积物中REY的组成特征、物质来源和富集机制。研究表明,钙质软泥以富含CaO和Sr为主要特征,硅质软泥则富集SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3等。钙质软泥中∑REY平均含量为40.56×10-6,轻稀土元素（LREE）略有富集,REY有向细粒沉积物中富集的特征,PAAS标准化后全岩样和不同粒级组分均表现为Ce负异常、Eu和Y正异常;REY以自生来源为主,继承了海水的组成特征,同时也受到了热液流体物质和洋底玄武岩风化产物的影响。硅质软泥中∑REY的含量为248.54×10-6,LREE相对富集,REY在4φ以细的沉积物中富集;研究站位沉积物中∑REY含量处于边界品位附近,但在细粒级沉积物中重稀土元素（HREY）含量则达到了工业品位;该类沉积物细粒组分中REY主要来自陆源或火山碎屑组分中黏土矿物和铁锰氧化物吸附作用,粗粒组分中REY来源则主要与生物作用相关;硅质软泥中REY的富集与沉积物中磷灰石等矿物相关,部分不同来源的REY可能是在沉积之后的成岩过程中再次分配向磷灰石、钙十字沸石等矿物中富集。 相似文献
18.
Giant Megamullion in the Parece Vela Backarc Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ohara Yasuhiko Yoshida Tsuyoshi Kato Yukihiro Kasuga Shigeru 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2001,22(1):47-61
We present results of high-resolution bathymetric studies of the extinct intermediate-spreading Parece Vela Basin in the northwestern Pacific, where we have identified an extremely large mullion structure, here termed a giant megamullion. We find that the giant megamullion is nearly an order of magnitude larger than the similar structures in the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge (`megamullions'). The giant megamullion has slightly elevated mantle Bouguer anomaly, and yields serpentinized peridotites and gabbros, suggesting that they are exposing oceanic crust and upper mantle. An off-axis rugged `chaotic terrain' was also identified in the Parece Vela Basin. The terrain consists of isolated and elevated blocks capped by corrugated axis-normal lineations, and associated deeps. We thus interpret it as analogues to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge megamullions. We propose that amagmatic tectonics producing the giant megamullion and the chaotic terrain occupied a significant part in crustal construction in the Parece Vela Basin evolution. 相似文献
19.
A New Scenario of the Parece Vela Basin Genesis 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A new high density geophysical data set in the Parece Vela Basin north of 15°N has been obtained through surveys conducted by the Hydrographic Department of Japan. The combined analyses of the swath bathymetry, magnetic and gravity anomalies from these surveys reveal a new scenario for the genesis of this basin. The evolutionary process is as follows: rifting and crust thinning (29–26 Ma), northward propagation of east-west opening (26-23 Ma) , east-west opening together with the Shikoku Basin (23–21 Ma), and the northeast-southwest opening (20/19–15 Ma). The western part of the basin is complicated, displaying some traces of northward propagation of the spreading center. The change between early east-west opening and the final stage of northeast-southwest spreading is marked by a distinct north-south boundary in both structural and magnetic patterns. Deep and rough topography of the extinct Parece Vela Rift is due to magma starvation in the terminal phase of the spreading. 相似文献
20.
J. N. Pattan G. Parthiban Ankeeta Amonkar Sufiyan A. Shaikh S. Jai Sankar 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(8):1147-1157
Thirty-three bulk ferromanganese nodules from the sediment–water interface of siliceous sediment domain from the Central Indian Ocean Basin were analyzed for 50 elements including 6 new (Be, As, Se, Sn, Sb, and Bi) using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer. The Mn/Fe ratio and triangular plot (Fe-Mn-{Cu+Ni+Co?×?10}) suggest that ferromanganese nodules are of hydrogenetic, early diagenetic, and diagenetic origin. In the ferromanganese nodules, Mo, Sb, Bi, and As are highly enriched ～320, 160, 90, and 50 times compared with upper continental crust, respectively. A majority of the elements such as Be, Sc, Ti, V, Co, As, Se, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Sn, rare earth elements (REEs), Pb, Bi, P, Th, U, Hf, and Ta are associated with Fe, whereas, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mo, Li, Ga, Sb, Mg, and Cs are associated with Mn in the ferromanganese nodules. Redox proxies such as U/Th (0.14) and Mo/Mn (0.0019) ratio in the ferromanganese nodules suggest their formation under oxic conditions. 相似文献