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1.
海底地下水排泄(SGD)是近岸海洋化学和生态系统演化的重要驱动因素,其携带的大量物质对珊瑚礁发育和退化具有非常重要的影响。本文综述了珊瑚礁区的SGD特征及其对珊瑚礁发育和退化的潜在生态环境效应,SGD的珊瑚替代指标以及全球各海域SGD的高分辨率珊瑚记录研究进展,并以南海北部为例探讨珊瑚礁退化的主导因素及SGD的潜在影响。研究发现,目前珊瑚礁区,尤其是岸礁区长时间序列的SGD动态变化记录的研究极为薄弱;利用珊瑚骨骼的地球化学指标来重建局部海域的SGD通量的动态历史变化具有较强的可操作性;虽然SGD极有可能是以南海北部为代表的珊瑚礁区珊瑚礁退化的重要因素,但目前无论是政府机构还是公众对SGD的关注和重视相当有限。未来的研究应该聚焦于珊瑚礁区SGD及其携带物质通量的高分辨率珊瑚记录,进而探讨SGD对珊瑚礁发育和退化影响的关键过程与机制,并提出科学合理的应对建议。 相似文献
2.
应用现代地表不同环境的碳酸盐成岩特征，分析“南永１井”井深１５２ｍ的珊瑚礁岩心的成岩变化，发现这１５２ｍ珊瑚礁层中有３个沉积间断面（分别位于井深１７，９０和１４２ｍ处），分为４个沉积旋回，分属４次海平面上升期建造，３个沉积间断面是３次海平面下降期形成的。 相似文献
3.
应用现代地表不同环境的碳酸盐成岩特征，分析“南永１井”井深１５２ｍ的珊瑚礁岩心的成岩变化，发现这１５２ｍ珊瑚礁层中有３个沉积间断面（分别位于井深１７，９０和１４２ｍ处），分为４个沉积旋回，分属４次海平面上升期建造，３个沉积间断面是３次海平面下降期形成的。 相似文献
4.
碳酸盐岩中稀土元素的含量、配分模式及元素异常记录了周围沉积水体的特征,能够很好地指示古海洋及沉积环境。珊瑚具有的高分辨率和稀土元素的高稳定性的特点,能够忠实地记录周围海水的地球化学特征。本文以南海西沙宣德环礁永兴岛142～84 ka发育的珊瑚礁为研究对象,通过主微量元素含量,尤其是稀土元素含量及其配分图解,判断珊瑚礁形成时周围水体的特征。结果表明自142 ka以来,永兴岛大部分珊瑚礁具有正常海相碳酸盐岩的稀土配分特征,表现为LREE亏损,Ce负异常及高的Y/Ho比值,表明周围水体属于开阔的浅海,但是位于23 m处(年龄为114 ka)的滨珊瑚骨骼格架除了有正常海相碳酸盐岩的特征外,还具有明显的Eu正异常,这表明其形成时有热液流体的加入。经过模型计算,认为在滨珊瑚骨骼格架的生长阶段,至少有0.1%的热液加入周围的海水中。通过资料查询和年龄对比,认为这些热液可能与高尖石岛或海南岛火山活动有关。 相似文献
5.
本文对海南岛三亚三井全新世形成的珊瑚礁中稀土元素进行了系统分析研究。结果表明，稀土元素具有明显分布特征：１．在井深４—７ｍ范围内，ΣＲＥＥ变化频繁；２．ＬＲＥＥ／ＨＲＥＥ的比值增大；３．Ｃｅ出现相对大的负异常。这些特征表明，在井深４—７ｍ范围内，珊瑚礁成岩环境频繁受到古气候变化的影响，径流和风化作用增强，并且出现了相对强的氧化环境。而径流和风化作用的增强及相对强的氧化环境的形成，通常由暧湿的古气候所致。说明珊瑚礁中稀土元素对古气候变化有良好的指示作用 相似文献
6.
对中国珊瑚礁生物物种组成、资源状况、分布特征及其生态功能进行了调查和评价.中国珊瑚礁主要分布在中国南海诸岛海域和唬南、广东、广西、福建、台湾等近岸海域.中国造礁石珊瑚已记录21科,56属295种,对珊瑚礁生态系统结构与生态功能的维持具有重要作用.八放珊瑚亚纲中柳珊瑚已记录7科,28属,75种,软珊瑚有6科,23属,113种,是现代海洋药物研究的热点生物资源.中国珊瑚礁具有造礁与消波护岸、维持珊瑚礁生态系统和生物多样性、提供生物资源和材料、生物地球化学与科学研究、文化教育与生态旅游等多种生态功能与价值. 相似文献
7.
作者采用阳极溶出伏安法测定大亚湾珊瑚礁痕量金属铜、铅、镉的含量 ,并讨论了相关的影响因素。测定结果发现 :A组、B组珊瑚礁礁体中铜、铅、镉的含量从里到外有递增的趋势 ,这与近年来大亚湾水体中铜、铅、镉含量的变化是一致的。而 A组珊瑚礁变化明显 ;B组珊瑚礁礁体中铜、铅、镉含量呈现较复杂的变化。分析认为 ,这是因珊瑚礁的形成受多种因素影响所致 :(1)海水组成对珊瑚礁化学成分的影响 ;(2 )海洋生物种类、数量及其矿物组成是制约元素分布的主要因素 ;(3)陆源碎屑组分对大亚湾珊瑚礁的化学组成有一定的影响。各因素在不同情况下所起的作用不同。 相似文献
8.
本文对海南岛三亚三井全新世形成的珊瑚礁中稀土元素进行了系统分析研究，结果表明，稀土元素具有明显下分布特征：１．在井深４－７ｍ范围内，∑ＲＥＥ变化频繁，２．ＬＲＥＥ／ＨＲＥＥ的比值增大，；３．Ｇｅ出现相对大的负异常，这些特征表现，在井深４－７ｍ范围内，珊瑚礁成岩环境繁受到古气候变化的影响，径流和风化作用增强；并且出现了相对强的氧化环境，而径流和风化作用的增强及相对强的氧化环境的形成，通常由暖湿的古气 相似文献
9.
南海诸岛珊瑚礁区新的构造运动类型和特征：（１）断裂多为正断层,形成小型断暂和断陷盆地,造成埋藏礁 （２）第四纪海底火山活跃,但忆熄灭,部分火山构成珊瑚礁的基座,个别出露海面为火 山岛; 相似文献
10.
在我们生活的地球上,存在着大量的各式各样的珊瑚礁,从而使得水下世界更加绚丽多彩。珊瑚礁蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源。礁灰岩是多孔隙岩类,渗透性好,有机质丰富,是良好的油气生储层;珊瑚灰岩可作为烧制石类、水 相似文献
11.
三沙永乐龙洞深度在300m左右,是目前全球已知最深的海洋蓝洞,但是对其性质和成因了解极其有限。本研究使用X射线粉晶衍射仪、X射线荧光光谱仪、AMS14C测年等分析测试方法对采自不同深度的洞壁礁体的矿物物相、元素含量和形成年代进行了测定,探讨了洞壁性质和龙洞的演化。研究结果表明:三沙永乐龙洞洞内侧壁矿物均属于碳酸盐矿物,包括文石、高镁方解石和低镁方解石,平均含量分别为49.0%、46.6%、14.3%,它们主要来自钙质生物碎屑;洞内侧壁的主要元素是Ca、Mg、Sr,平均含量分别为36.8%、0.98%、0.48%。三沙永乐龙洞是一个复合体,17m以上岩石年龄晚于7.5cal kaBP,是全新世海平面上升时期形成的现代珊瑚礁体,没有经历过海平面下降引起的成岩作用; 17—35m岩石形成时代早于25cal ka BP,是经历了大气淡水成岩作用的晚更新世喀斯特溶洞,且在高海平面时期于17—23m以浅的空间内广泛发育洞内珊瑚礁。 相似文献
12.
The late Quaternary shallow-water carbonates have been altered by a variety of diagenetic processes, and further influenced by high-amplitude global and regional sea level changes. This study utilizes a new borehole drilled on the Yongxing Island, Xisha Islands to investigate meteoric diagenetic alteration in the late Quaternary shallowwater carbonates. Petrographic, mineralogical, stable isotopic and elemental data provide new insights into the meteoric diagenetic processes of the reef limestone. The results show the variation in the distribution of aragonite,high-Mg calcite(HMC) and low-Mg calcite(LMC) divides the shallow-water carbonates in Core SSZK1 into three intervals, which are Unit I(31.20–55.92 m, LMC), Unit II(18.39–31.20 m, aragonite and LMC) and Unit III(upper 18.39 m of core, aragonite, LMC and HMC). Various degrees of meteoric diagenesis exist in the identified three units. The lowermost Unit I has suffered almost complete freshwater diagenesis, whereas the overlying Units II and III have undergone incompletely meteoric diagenesis. The amount of time that limestone has been in the freshwater diagenetic environment has the largest impact on the degree of meteoric diagenesis. Approximately four intact facies/water depth cycles are recognized. The cumulative depletion of elements such as strontium(Sr),sodium(Na) and sulphur(S) caused by duplicated meteoric diagenesis in the older reef sequences are distinguished from the younger reef sequences. This study provides a new record of meteoric diagenesis, which is well reflected by whole-rock mineralogy and geochemistry. 相似文献
13.
INTRODUCTION Cryptofaunal communities consist of the animals and plants living within dead coral.As a very large part of a coral reef is composed of dead coral,the biomasses of crypto-faunal communities on a reef must be significant.And as many of the cryptofaunal animalsreproduce at regular intervals,rates of turnover of the community are also high and thusare major contributors to the productivity of coral reefs.Grassle(1973)collected a 4.7 相似文献
14.
南沙群岛受季风、台风和波浪的影响，珊瑚礁体呈ＮＥ－ＳＷ向椭圆形态，西南礁坪宽于东北礁坪。位于不同波能带内的珊瑚礁体发育了与之相适应的动力地貌单元。礁前斜坡高波能带地形陡峭，向风坡礁脊一槽沟系发育。外礁坪消耗大量波能，广泛覆盖生物碎屑，珊瑚生长稀疏。内礁坪宽广平坦，珊瑚生长良好。外礁坪堆积许多大礁块，尤以东北礁坪为甚。在湖低波能带，通常东坡缓于百坡，湖盆一般浪静流缓，为生物碎屑堆积区。 相似文献
15.
珊瑚礁是发育于海洋环境之中、由造礁珊瑚和生物历经生物和地质作用形成的地质体，是一种特殊的岩土介质类型。在南沙群岛珊瑚礁体上，水动力作用和沉积类型、地形地貌都具有成带分布的特点，因而岩体结构和工程地质性质亦具有分带性。在珊瑚礁海洋水动力环境分带的基础上．研究了南沙群岛珊瑚礁的剖面结构、内部结构和浅地层结构特征以及工程地质分层和岩性，将珊瑚礁岩体结构划分为4种类型和5个工程地质相带，并对各分带的工程特性及适宜性进行了评价。 相似文献
16.
珊瑚礁是一种特殊的岩土介质，有独特的灾害地质类型。珊瑚礁灾害地质研究是现代工程地质学的一个新课题。通过珊瑚礁的地质记录研究了内动力灾害地质类型（包括活动断裂、地震和火山活动等）、外动力灾害地质类型（包括海底槽谷与地形突变带、崩塌、滑坡、峰礁与埋藏礁、泥丘、埋藏负地貌等），同时还分析了人类活动对珊瑚礁发育的影响。 相似文献
17.
珊瑚礁是海洋中最重要的生态系统之一, 近年来在全球气候变化和人为干扰加剧的影响下, 我国南海珊瑚礁总体处于快速退化状态。以海南西岛珊瑚礁为例, 基于Sentinel-2系列卫星10 m空间分辨率影像, 利用面向对象分类法(object-based image analysis, OBIA)对2017年12月~2018年3月和2021年12月两个时期的海南西岛珊瑚礁底质进行了识别分类, 并进行珊瑚礁面积变化分析。将2021年12月的分类结果与现场调查数据进行对比验证, 总分类精度和Kappa系数分别为83.3%和0.71。对比两个时期珊瑚礁底质分类结果表明, 西岛西侧珊瑚礁覆盖面积未出现明显变化, 东侧珊瑚礁显示恢复趋势。本文研究表明, 10 m地面分辨率卫星系列影像和面向对象的阈值分类方法可以对海南西岛珊瑚礁进行较为准确的识别和变化分析, 监测结果可为海南岛沿岸西岛等小型岛礁珊瑚保护及修复提供参考。 相似文献
18.
Consolidated to friable carbonate rocks found in the Lee Stocking Island area in the Exuma Cays include: (1) reef rock, (2) channel stromatolites, (3) shallow-water hardgrounds, (4) beachrock rimming the islands and (5) Pleistocene bedrock. The most common cement fabrics observed are: aragonitic fibers, which include acicular fan-druse and square-tipped coarse fibers cementing beachrock and stromatolites; and an isopachous needle-fiber rim cementing hardgrounds and stromatolites. Less common are high-Mg calcite bladed textures of the reef rock and stromatolites. Two types of blades are present: the more common stubby variety of either high-Mg or low-Mg calcite, and an elongated variety of high-Mg calcite which was found in only three beachrock samples. Aragonitic micrite envelopes usually surround grains in beachrock, hardgrounds and stromatolites, but only in association with fibrous cement. An aragonitic crust cements the surfaces of lime mud beds of the tidal channel, while a high-Mg calcite cryptocrystalline cement occurs in all the rock types. Calcified algal filaments of high-Mg calcite, from the abundant green and blue-green algae in the area, are a primary cement in stromatolites and a secondary cement in hardgrounds and beachrock. A low-Mg calcite equant spar cements the Pleistocene samples and is associated with meteoric diagenesis and cementation of the Pleistocene surface. Cement precipitation coincides with the path of the cool oceanic water from Exuma Sound as it warms and loses CO2 and moves up onto the bank near Lee Stocking with the incoming tide. Cryptocrystalline cement is the first and commonest cement forming to the seaward while platformward, fibrous cements become predominant. As suggested by their crystal size and location on the shelf margin, we think that the reef rock cryptocrystalline material are the fastest forming of the cements, where the incoming oceanic water is more saturated with respect to calcium carbonate and undergoes the most significant warming. The rate of the warming and degassing process is thought to increase in the tidal channel though the cementation rate is thought to fall slightly in response to a reduced availability of calcium carbonate. On the platform interior further warming and degassing are believed to cause cement precipitation and the development of hardgrounds, but these may form at a slower rate than that of the margin, though this rate is still quite high. Cementation gradients occur from the tidal channel to the intertidal zones of: (1) west Norman's Pond Cay, where cement fabric suggests a reduced calcium carbonate availability, and (2) west Lee Stocking Island, where a change in mineralogy suggests a change in water chemistry. Thus, a sequence of cement fabrics and mineralogies can be traced. Micritic textures occur in a more seaward position; fine, fibrous aragonite fibers in a more lagoonal and levee position; and coarser aragonite fibers and Mg-calcite cements in the intertidal and supratidal position. This sequence is thought to track the evolution of the water mass. 相似文献
19.
通过电镜、电子探针和X射线等项分析,对东海沉积物中的有孔虫、腹足类、双壳类、苔藓、珊瑚、海胆等骨屑进行了矿物学研究,确定了矿物成分与生物属种的关系,并基于有孔虫壳体化学成分将壳体分为均质壳和异质壳,生物碳酸盐中镁主要富集在方解石及镁方解石中,锶在方解石和镁方解石中的分配系数(D)相似,为0.11—0.14;在文石质骨屑中D=1.09-1.20。碳氧同位素组成与生物属种有明显关系。据一些有孔虫壳体氧同位素偏差值计算的水温来看,本次测定的有孔虫属种的骨屑不能作为理想的骨屑温度计。 相似文献
20.
Low-Mg calcite shells have been widely used to reconstruct the chemistry of ancient seawater. There is always a question: are the shells chemically pristine? This paper presents the isotope and elemental geochemistry of low-Mg calcite bivalve shells in late Miocene platform carbonates, SE Spain. The platform carbonates were extensively dolomitized, and limestone is restricted to older stratal units, and to units mainly in topographically higher and more landward strata. Low-Mg calcite oyster shells were completely dissolved out in the basinward dolomite, but are well preserved in the limestone. These shells appear to retain the original growth microstructures, based on hand samples. Under the microscope, however, dissolution and recrystallization, as well as pristine growth lines are all present. Sr isotopes in these shells range from that of normal Miocene seawater to radiogenic values. δ 18O and δ 13C values, and Mg, Sr, and Na concentrations in these shells are rather variable. The high end members are consistent with the typical values of modern/late Miocene normal-seawater low-Mg calcite shells, whereas the low end members are close to those of diagenetic calcite cements, which have low δ 18O, δ 13C, Sr and Na values, and radiogenic Sr. The Nijar shells were altered physically and chemically to different degrees by diagenesis, although these shells are consistent with some “criteria” of unalteration. The isotopic and trace-element data collected in altered and pristine (or less altered) portions coexisting in the same shells are clearly differentiable. Quantitative simulation of covariations of geochemical pairs indicates that solid mixing of unaltered and altered portions by sampling is consistent with the variations in isotopic and elemental data recorded in the Nijar shells. The geological significance of this study is that ancient fabric-retentive calcite shells may have been altered geochemically although they may appear pristine. Calcite shells that underwent intensive diagenesis should be examined rigorously under the microscope, coupled with investigations of multiple geochemical proxies to assess chemical alteration. Only the data of unaltered shells can be used to reconstruct the chemistry of ancient seawater. 相似文献
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