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1.
山地因其较高的异质性和特殊的环境特征给遥感科学及其应用带来了诸多问题和挑战。为实现山地植被信息的精准提取,本研究选择部分滇西北山地区域作为研究区开展方法实验,利用高分辨率遥感影像数据和数字高程模型,结合分区分层感知思想,提出一种基于不确定性理论的山地植被型组分类制图方法。首先结合地形对研究区影像进行多尺度分割制作图斑;然后根据图斑特征使用随机森林方法进行分类,将分类结果与对应类别样本间的相似性作为优化目标, 并构建混合熵模型定量计算图斑推测类型的不确定性,据此进行针对性的样本补充和分类模型的迭代优化。实验总体分类精度达90.8%,较迭代前提升了29.4%,Kappa系数达到0.875。在高不确定性区域,该方法相比使用一次性补样和随机补样方法的分类结果,精度分别提高了17%和13%。研究结果表明,通过人机交互的方式,基于不确定性理论为样本库融入增量信息的迭代优化方法能够有效提高植被型组分类的精度,相较于传统的样本选择方法具有更高的效率和更低的不确定性。 相似文献
2.
针对多站雷电定位系统中的云闪定位问题,建立4站云闪辐射源定位模型。根据探测站探测的云闪电磁波到达的时间和角度信息,结合无源定位理论中的测向测时差定位法,给出云闪定位计算方法和精度评定。利用Maltab,仿真探测站不同布站方式下的云闪定位误差分布情况。通过对比研究,得出最优布站形式,并对最优布站形式的精度影响因素进行分析。结果表明,布站形式、基线长度、探测站高度等因素均可对云闪定位精度产生影响。 相似文献
3.
Return periods calculated for different environmental conditions are key parameters for ocean platform design.Many codes for offshore structure design give no consideration about the correlativity among multi-loads and over-estimate design values.This frequently leads to not only higher investment but also distortion of structural reliability analysis.The definition of design return period in existing codes and industry criteria in China are summarized.Then joint return periods of different ocean environmental parameters are determined from the view of service term and danger risk.Based on a bivariate equivalent maximum entropy distribution,joint design parameters are estimated for the concomitant wave height and wind speed at a site in the Bohai Sea.The calculated results show that even if the return period of each environmental factor,such as wave height or wind speed,is small,their combinations can lead to larger joint return periods.Proper design criteria for joint return period associated with concomitant environmental conditions will reduce structural size and lead to lower investment of ocean platforms for the exploitation of marginal oil field. 相似文献
4.
为研究对流层延迟时空差异性引起的单点定位偏差的不确定性,首先利用IGS ZPD产品分析其最大值、最小值、均值和STD与测站空间分布的相关性,结果显示,ZPD均值约为2.4 m,其存在随纬度增加而减小的总体趋势,但沿赤道不完全对称,在北半球离散度较大;然后针对单点定位模型,推导对流层延迟对定位参数解算的影响公式,并评估其对单点定位的影响,结果表明,对流层延迟对U方向的影响最大（可达7~15 m）,对N方向的影响居中（在±0.6 m以内）,对E方向的影响最小（在±0.2 m以内）。 相似文献
5.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2021,20(3)
Marine environments have a considerable influence on the construction of the Chinese 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road. Thus, an objective and quantitative risk assessment of marine environments has become a key problem that must be solved urgently. To deal with the uncertainty in marine environmental risks caused by complex factors and fuzzy mechanisms, a new assessment technique based on a weighted Bayesian network(BN) is proposed. Through risk factor analysis, node selection, structure construction, and parameter learning, we apply the proposed weighted BN-based assessment model for the risk assessment and zonation of marine environments along the Maritime Silk Road. Results show that the model effectively fuses multisource and uncertain environmental information and provides reasonable risk assessment results, thereby offering technical support for risk prevention and disaster mitigation along the Maritime Silk Road. 相似文献
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7.
空间分层是准确度量遥感分类不确定性程度及其空间分布的基础与关键。本文提出了一种基于不确定性分析的遥感分类空间分层及评估方法,首先基于随机森林算法获取像元后验概率,确定分类不确定性度量指标;其次,采用模糊C均值进行空间分层;最后,对分层结果合理性进行定性与定量评估,并与同尺度数据产品精度评价结果及后验概率不确定性分层方法进行对比分析。以北京市顺义区Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像数据为例,研究结果表明：① 基于最大概率、模糊混淆指数和概率熵指标将顺义区分为不确定性大、中、小3层,相应的遥感数据层分类精度分别为62.28%、74.96%、79.31%;② 分类不确定性空间分层结果与度量指标大小的空间分布基本一致,错分地类图层与不确定性大层的地类空间分布基本一致;③ 遥感数据和数据产品的各层地类空间特征、层分类精度大小趋势一致,与总体分类精度相比,不确定性大层的层分类精度降低,不确定性小层的层分类精度提高;④ 与后验概率不确定性分层方法相比,本研究不确定性大层的层分类精度降低1.08%,不确定性中层提高3.58%,不确定性小层提高0.16%,q值由0.19提高到0.24,空间分异性更高。证实了研发的遥感分类不确定性空间分层结果的合理性。研究旨在提出适用于遥感分类的不确定性分层方案,用于优化遥感分类训练样本和精度评价验证样本的空间布设。 相似文献
8.
资源与环境承载力的研究对人类社会经济活动意义重大。将资源与环境视为一个复合的生态系统,依据多层次指标体系结构,建立了以资源与环境承载力为目标层的集成指标体系。综合分析各指标间的相互联系,以及集成性指标对准则层指标、准则层指标对目标层的作用,构建了若干个集成指标模型、3个准则层指标模型,以及资源与环境承载力综合指数模型。运用GIS技术,形成了系统化、定量化的分析方法体系,实现了模型在网格单元的运算。研究结果反映了资源与环境承载力空间分布的连续性和渐变性,克服了以行政区域为分析单元的突变性。以山西省阳高县作为研究对象,采用相应技术方法进行资源与环境承载力评价研究,验证结果与实际情况基本吻合,表明了所建立模型和技术方法的合理性和可操作性。 相似文献
9.
The maximum entropy distribution, which consists of various recognized theoretical distributions, is a better curve to estimate the design thickness of sea ice. Method of moment and empirical curve fitting method are common-used parameter estimation methods for maximum entropy distribution. In this study, we propose to use the particle swarm optimization method as a new parameter estimation method for the maximum entropy distribution, which has the advantage to avoid deviation introduced by simplifications made in other methods. We conducted a case study to fit the hindcasted thickness of the sea ice in the Liaodong Bay of Bohai Sea using these three parameter-estimation methods for the maximum entropy distribution. All methods implemented in this study pass the K-S tests at 0.05 significant level. In terms of the average sum of deviation squares, the empirical curve fitting method provides the best fit for the original data, while the method of moment provides the worst. Among all three methods, the particle swarm optimization method predicts the largest thickness of the sea ice for a same return period. As a result, we recommend using the particle swarm optimization method for the maximum entropy distribution for offshore structures mainly influenced by the sea ice in winter, but using the empirical curve fitting method to reduce the cost in the design of temporary and economic buildings. 相似文献
10.
以下辽河平原为研究对象,在DRASTIC模型基础上,结合RS技术建立了DRASTICL(DRASTIC land use type)模型。利用ArcGIS的水文分析工具对DEM影像进行子流域划分与数据提取。通过对参数进行不确定性表征,对三角模糊参数设定不同α截集,在此基础上将随机参数和模糊参数进行蒙特卡罗模拟。将不同α截集下模拟结果代入模糊模式识别模型,根据累积分布规律,选取不同百分位,从而得出不同α截集与不同百分位地下水脆弱性取值。结合ArcGIS数据可视化表达,得出不同α截集下下辽河平原浅层地下水脆弱性分布图,以此辨析下辽河平原浅层地下水不确定性与脆弱性程度。最后运用灵敏度分析辨别各参数对模拟结果的实际贡献程度。结果表明：（1）模糊模式识别模型用非线性的形式充分反映参数连续性变化对模拟结果产生的影响。（2）加入土地利用类型参数,结果更能反映人类活动影响下地下水脆弱程度。（3）不同α水平、不同百分位、与不同灵敏度系数3个层次的分析有效处理了参数不确定性问题,为制定相关政策提供更加准确的参考依据,对今后本地区的地下水环境开发利用和保护具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
The wave crest is an important factor for the design of both fixed and floating marine structures. Wave crest height is a
dominant parameter in assessing the likelihood of wave-in-deck impact and resultant severe damage. Many empirical and theoretical
distribution functions for wave crest heights have been proposed, but there is a lack of agreement between them. It is of
significance to develop a better new nonlinear wave crest height distribution model. The progress in the research of wave
crest heights is reviewed in this paper. Based on Stokes’ wave theory, an approximate nonlinear wave crest-height distribution
formula with simple parameters is derived. Two sets of measured data are presented and compared with various theoretical distributions
of wave crests obtained from nonlinear wave models and analysis of the comparison is given in detail. The new crest-height
distribution model agrees well with observations. Also, the new theoretical distribution is more accurate than the other methods
cited in this paper and has a greater range of applications. 相似文献
12.
Jerusalem artichoke is an economic crop widely planted in saline-alkaline soil. The use of Jerusalem artichoke is of great significance. In this study, the response surface method was employed to optimize the eff ects of processing variables(extraction temperature, p H, extraction time, and liquid-tosolid ratio) on the yield of Jerusalem artichoke pectin. Under the optimal extraction conditions: p H 1.52, 63.62 min, 100°C and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 44.4 m L/g, the maximum pectin yield was predicted to be 18.76%. Experiments were conducted under these optimal conditions and a pectin yield of 18.52±0.90% was obtained, which validated the model prediction. The eff ects of diff erent drying methods(freeze drying, spray drying and vacuum drying) on the properties of Jerusalem artichoke pectin were evaluated and they were compared with apple pectin. FTIR spectral analysis showed no major structural diff erences in Jerusalem artichoke pectin samples produced by various drying treatments. The antioxidant activities of pectin dried by diff erent methods were investigated using in vitro hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging systems. The results revealed that the activities of spray dried pectin(SDP) and apple pectin(AP) were stronger than those of vacuum oven dried pectin(ODP) and vacuum freeze dried pectin(FDP). Therefore compared with the other two drying methods, the spray drying method was the best. 相似文献
13.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,(2)
The typical organic pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) anthracene was selected as a contaminant to investigate its eff ects on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. The results show that SOD, CAT and GSH-Px had diff erent induction and inhibition reactions to anthracene stress, and that three diff erent organs in R. philippinarum(visceral mass, muscle tissue and mantle) had diff erent sensitivities to anthracene stress. This study suggest that SOD activities of the visceral mass, CAT activitities of the mantle and the visceral mass, and GSH-Px activity of the muscle tissue could be used as sensitive indicators of anthracene stress in R. philippinarum. 相似文献
14.
极端降水极易引发山洪和城市内涝等水灾害,给生态环境安全、社会经济发展、人民生命财产安全等带来极大损失,认识其（尤其是短历时）空间分布差异对洪涝灾害防治等具有重要意义。本文利用60 min、6 h和24 h共3种历时的年最大降雨量的统计特征参数,生成服从皮尔逊-Ⅲ型分布的长序列样本,并选用信息熵指标研究其随机性及空间分布差异。结果显示：各历时年最大降雨量的随机性均呈现由东南向西北逐渐减小的空间格局,但不同历时降水随机性的空间分布存在差异,主要体现在青藏高原东部、海河流域和淮河流域3个区域。此外,所求年最大降雨量信息熵值主要考虑了其取值的相对离散情况,故该信息熵值与整个序列绝对离散程度（即标准差）的关系不明显,而主要由序列均值处峰值高低的峰度系数决定,二者呈现明显的负相关关系;且由于峰度系数和变差系数的良好相关性也导致了变差系数与信息熵值之间呈现出良好关系。季风、台风、局地天气系统和人类活动等因素综合影响,决定了不同历时极端降水的空间分布格局及其差异。信息熵指标可以很好地反映中国各历时年最大降雨量随机性的空间分布格局,因而结果可为洪涝灾害防治、农业规划布局、生态环境规划保护等提供科学依据。 相似文献
15.
Environmental load is the primary factor in the design of offshore engineering structures and ocean current is the principal environmental load that causes underwater structural failure. In computational analysis, the calculation of current load is mainly based on the current profile. The current profile model, which is based on a structural failure criterion, is conducive to decreasing the uncertainty of the current load. In this study, we used prototype monitoring data and the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) method to investigate the current profile in the South China Sea and its correlation with the design of underwater structural strength and the dynamic design of fatigue. The underwater structural strength design takes into account the size of the structure and the service water depth. We propose profiles for the overall and local designs using the inverse first-order reliability method(IFORM). We extracted the characteristic profile current(CPC) of the monitored sea area to solve dynamic design problems such as vortex-induced vibration(VIV). We used random sampling to verify the feasibility of using the EOF method to calculate the CPC from the current data and identified the main problems associated with using the CPC, which deserve close attention in VIV design. Our research conclusions provide direct references for determining current load in this sea area. This analysis method can also be used in the analysis of other sea areas or field variables. 相似文献
16.
遥感图像信息容量是一种能量化表征地表复杂度的评价指标。计算时考虑了像元点所处的整个局部区域特征,其大小与图像灰度层次密切相关,灰度层次越丰富,信息容量的值越大。信息容量模型构建的核心问题是约束区间的选择和参数的确定,合理适宜的参数设置是保证信息容量特性的关键性技术。选取陕西省不同地貌类型区56个样区,以2007年ETM+和2008年SPOT5遥感图像为实验数据。采用了2种不同的约束区间的计算方法,即比较分析和数理统计的方法,分析了遥感图像信息容量约束区间的选择方法和空间分异规律。结果表明,信息容量在一定程度上能有效反映地表空间形态结构的复杂度,信息容量和分形维数、信息熵之间有较好的线性相关性,随着信息容量的增大,样区的分形维数、信息熵也在增大。信息容量的空间分异和陕北黄土高原的黄土地貌形态在空间上的变异是相关的,与陕西关中平原区的地表地物覆盖类型也是相关的,可作为地表形态结构复杂度定量评价指标之一。 相似文献
17.
全球气候变化加剧了海洋环境灾害的影响力与破坏力,实时灾情信息获取与分析成为灾害应急处置中的关键环节。与具有延迟性的传统对地观测网络相比,基于互联网的众包地理信息以其实时性在受灾情况评估与灾害应急处置中得到广泛重视。为获取互联网文本中隐含的海洋环境灾害信息,探究灾害对人群行为活动的影响,本文着重关注海洋环境灾害发展的时空过程特性,从灾害链的角度分析灾害发生发展过程中所涉及的诸多要素,在收集整理海洋环境灾害相关知识的基础之上,采用五元组（概念、关系、属性、规则和实例）进行本体的逻辑结构表达,构建了用于信息抽取的海洋环境灾害链本体,其包含描述海洋环境灾害知识体系的海洋环境灾害本体、受到海洋环境灾害作用的地理对象本体以及在灾害发生、发展、结束的时空过程中产生的相应的人类应急处置本体。最后,本文以台风灾害为例,通过台风灾害链知识建模,实现互联网灾害信息抽取与时空变化过程分析。结果表明：基于海洋环境灾害链的互联网文本信息抽取可以获取隐藏在互联网文本中的灾害描述信息,能够分析灾害的发展变化过程及其对人群行为活动的影响,为灾害防治与应急救援提供一定科学支持。 相似文献
18.
Study on the thermal insulation performance of a new seabed sediment fidelity sampler based on ANSYS
A new seabed sediment fidelity sampler was developed and its thermal insulation performance was studied and analyzed. The
temperature distribution simulation indicated that the sample quality could be insured by using this new sampler. Based on
ANSYS10, the temperature finite element model of the sample cylinder was established. According to the law of conservation
of energy, the unsteady heat transmit equation of the sampler under solid-liquid coupling condition was derived, then the
mathematical model calculation was carried out by using a mixed finite-element finite-difference method, and two thermal insulation
methods were used. The simulation was carried out by using the thickness of the thermal insulation layer and heat conductivity
as the variable parameters and the temperature distribution of the sampler and related influencing factors were obtained.
Optimization analysis was conducted using the simulation data and related parameters and the magnitude ranges of the parameters
were obtained that could meet the design temperature requirements. The experimental data and simulation results indicated
that the results were in good agreement with the realities, and this sampler might be of value for seabed sediment sampler
design and manufacture. 相似文献
19.
空间数据作为一种地理现象的离散度量广泛应用于各类地理空间分析。然而,空间数据经常由于各种原因出现数据的缺失,存在不完备的特性,需要利用空间插值方法对其进行插值估计。现有国内外对于空间插值方法的研究较多,但是对于空间插值影响因素的分析研究则相对较少。本文首先对国内外相关空间插值研究工作进行总结和回顾,进而探讨不同采样密度、采样分布和采样粒度对于空间插值精度的影响。在此基础上,提出一种基于信息熵的空间插值影响因素分析方法。该方法针对采样数据的不同采样密度和采样分布,对空间数据的可插值性进行比较分析,进而探讨插值粒度,即插值网格分辨率对于空间数据可插值性的影响。最后,采用一组实际数据验证了使用信息熵对空间数据进行可插值性研究的可行性和适用性。 相似文献
20.
Extracellular enzymatic activities of cold-adapted bacteria from polar oceans and effect of temperature and salinity on cell growth 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The potential of 324 bacteria isolated from different habitats in polar oceans to produce a variety of extracellular enzymatic activities at low temperature was investigated. By plate assay, lipase, protease, amylase, gelatinase, agarase, chitinase or cellulase were detected. Lipases were generally present by bacteria living in polar oceans. Protease-producing bacteria held the second highest proportion in culturable isolates. Strains producing amylase kept a relative stable proportion of around 30% in different polar marine habitats. All 50 Arctic sea-ice bacteria producing proteases were cold-adapted strains, however, only 20% were psychrophilic. 98% of them could grow at 3% NaCl, and 56% could grow without NaCl. On the other hand, 98% of these sea-ice bacteria produced extracellular proteases with optimum temperature at or higher than 35℃, well above the upper temperature limit of cell growth. Extracellular enzymes including amylase, agarase, cellulase and lipase released by bacteria from seawater or sediment in polar oceans, most expressed maximum activities between 25 and 35℃. Among extracellular enzymes released by bacterial strain BSw20308, protease expressed maximum activity at 40℃, higher than 35℃ of polysaccharide hydrolases and 25℃ of lipase. 相似文献