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离子对色谱测定碱性样品溶液中铬的方法研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
提出了两种测定碱性样品溶液中铬的离子对色谱方法,第一方法将碱性溶液用Ｈ３ＰＯ４中和,流动相采用含有１５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＳＯ４的１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ四丁基氢氧化铵溶液;第二种方法将碱性溶液用ＨＣｌ中和,流动相采用含有２．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ辛胺和１０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＳＯ４的ψ＝６％的乙腈溶液。 相似文献
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粘土矿物碱耗协同效应研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选择蒙脱石,高岭石,伊利石等三种在储层中最党风的储层粘土矿物,两两分别按２Ｌ：０,１：１,０：２质量配比组成复配物系列;在３０℃、５０℃温度下按１：５,１：８,１：１０（ｇ／ｍｌ）固／液比分别与１．６％的Ｎａ２ＣＯ３深液反应８ｈ,３６０ｈ;监测反应前后碱液浓度的变化;计算了各条件下各自的绝对碱耗量。结果表明三种粘土矿物中蒙脱石耗碱最大,高蛉石的耗碱量与伊利石的接近;随着固／液比减小和温度升高,矿物 相似文献
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氧化钴矿石中钴镍铜的萃取分离研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了氧化钴矿石浸出液中Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ和Ｃｕ的萃取分离,探讨了不同萃取剂对上述元素萃取的影响因素,浸取液用Ｌｉｘ９８４、三癸基甲基氯化锓和正辛酸分别萃取Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ和Ｎｉ,萃取率分别为９９．４％、９８．６％和９８．１％,适用于氧化矿石中Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ和Ｃｕ的萃取分离。 相似文献
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硅胶—TBP萃取层析连续分离和测定铁（Ⅲ）,铬（Ⅵ）的研究及应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究以ＣＨＣｌ＝３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ作移动相,以硅胶球负荷的ＴＢＰ作固定相,反相萃取层析铁,铬,使与多种离子分离,留于柱上的铁,铬分别用ＣＨＣｌ＝０．８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ及水洗脱进行连续分离与测定,方法应用于矿物岩类复杂物质中铁,铬的连续分离与测定,简便,快速,准确。 相似文献
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离子交换分离——离子色谱法测定造币镀液及其废液中氯离子及硫酸根 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
提出了用７３２型阳离子交换树脂分离造币镀镍液中高含量Ｎｉ,离子色谱法测定Ｃｌ＾－及ＳＯ４＾２－的方法。确定了分离条件。样品经分离后,进入离子色谱仪时Ｎｉ的残留浓度≤０．０１２ｍｇ／Ｌ,去除率≥９９．６％。Ｃｌ＾－的相对标准偏差为０．３２％￣１．４５％,回收率９９．０％￣１００．８％;ＳＯ４＾２－的相对标准偏差为０．４５％￣０．８９％（ｎ＝４）,回收率９８．８％￣１０１．２％。同一分离柱经多次测定造 相似文献
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选择了粒径为50—154μm的6种储层标准矿物，以石英作为参比矿物，固相总质量为2．0000g，分别配成了2：0，1：1，0：2(g／g)3种质量组合，以1：10的固／液比与浓度为1000mg／L的聚丙烯酰胺(蒸馏水配制)溶液在常温25℃下作了静态吸附实验，分别反应8h、36h、72h和120h，高速分离后用酸/漂白液沉淀浊度法检测聚丙烯酰胺浓度，并计算吸附量。结果表明了如下的吸附量顺序：石膏＞蒙脱石＞高岭石＞黑云母＞白云母＞石英。多种矿物共存时存在吸附量与矿物配比不成比例的协同效应。当石膏或蒙脱石存在时，对聚丙烯酰胺的吸附趋势和吸附量由石膏或蒙脱石控制。该研究为聚合物驱油施工方案的优化设计提供了必要的理论依据。 相似文献
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The results of the study of clay mineral alterations in Upper Pleistocene sediments of the southern trough in the Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California) due to the influence of hydrothermal solutions and heat produced by sill intrusions are discussed. Core samples from DSDP Holes 477 and 477A were taken for the analysis of clay minerals. Application of the method of modeling X-ray diffraction patterns of oriented specimens of the finely dispersed particles made it possible to establish the phase composition of clay minerals, determine their structural parameters, and obtain reliable quantitative estimates of their contents in natural mixtures. The modeling data allowed us to characterize reliably the transformation of clay minerals in sediments of the hydrothermally active southern trough in the Guaymas Basin. In Upper Pleistocene sandy–clayey sediments of the southern trough, changes in the composition of clay minerals occurred under the influence of a long-living hydrothermal system. Its lower part (interval 170.0–257.5 m) with maximum temperatures (~300°C) was marked by the formation of chlorite. Terrigenous clay minerals are not preserved here. Saponite appears at a depth of 248 m in the chlorite formation zone. Higher in the sedimentary section, the interval 146–170 m is also barren of terrigenous clay minerals. Sediments of this interval yielded two newly formed clay minerals (chlorite and illite), which were formed at lower temperatures (above 180°C and below 300°C, approximately up to ~250°C), while the relatively low-temperature upper part (110–146 m) of the hydrothermal system (from ~140°C to ~180°C) includes the mixture of terrigenous and newly formed clay minerals. Terrigenous illite is preserved here. Illitization of the mixed-layer illite–smectite was subjected to illitization. The terrigenous montmorillonite disappeared, and chlorite–smectite with 5–10% of smectite layers were formed. In the upper interval (down to approximately 110 mbsf), the composition of terrigenous clay minerals remains unchanged. They are composed of the predominant mixed-layer illite–smectite and montmorillonite, the subordinate illite, mixed-layer chlorite–smectite with 5% of smectite layers, mixed-layer kaolinite–smectite with 30% of smectite layers, and kaolinite. This composition of clay minerals changed under the influence of sill intrusions into the sedimentary cover at 58–105 m in the section of Hole 477. The most significant changes are noted in the 8-m-thick member above the sill at 50–58 m. The upper part of this interval is barren of the terrigenous mixed-layer illite–smectite, which is replaced by the newly formed trioctahedral smectite (saponite). At the same time, the terrigenous dioctahedral smectite (montmorillonite) is preserved. The composition of terrigenous clay minerals remains unchanged at the top of the unit underlying the sill base. 相似文献
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B. Gururaj J.P. Sharma A. Baldawa S.C.D. Arora N. Prasad A.K. Biswas 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》1983,11(4):285-302
Studies have been made on the separability of clay minerals such as kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite from hematite in dispersant-starch flocculant systems. The grossly different dispersibility of hematite from that of clay minerals aided separation by selective dispersion and flocculation. Moderate success has been achieved with a selectivity index nearing 4.0 (average recovery values around 80%).The studies have been extended to hematite recovery and clay rejection from the slimes of the Barsua iron ore washing plant owned by Rourkela Steel Plant, India. Limited success achieved in the starch selective flocculation method has been attributed to the difficulties associated with fine grain size, clay mineraloty and liberation.The ore exhibits the phenomenon of differential grinding. Hematite-rich coarser particles in the slime can be separated by differential settling in dispersant systems followed by selective flocculation in low-starch systems. 相似文献
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Certain factors influencing the incorporation, transport and release of fatty acids by clay minerals, calcite and marine sediments have been investigated.Salinity was found to be an important factor. The adsorption of heptadecanoic acid by bentonite clay at 4%. was nearly triple that at 0%.. However, from 4%. to 35%., only a minor adsorption increase occurred. This behavior is believed to be related to flocculation of the clay at the lower salinity range. The pH over the range of 6.0–8.5 has a small influence on fatty acid-clay association, depressing it somewhat as the basicity increases.When the temperature of the fatty acid solution was increased from 0°C to 50°C, a decrease in adsorption on to clay was found. This effect may be due to increased water solubility of the acid at higher temperatures, since solubility is very important in controlling the degree of fatty acid-mineral interaction. Furthermore, apparent solubilization of fatty acids by indigenous dissolved organic matter in sea water reduces adsorption on to clay minerals.Based upon the heat of adsorption of ?14.6 kcal/mole, fatty acids are physically bound to clay minerals by weak van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.Bentonite and kaolinite were found to be the most adsorptive minerals investigated, followed in order by illite, montmorillonite and calcite. Sediments from Narragansett Bay were found to lie between illite and montmorillonite in adsorptive capacity after indigenous sediment organic matter had been removed. Sediment organic matter reduced fatty acid uptake by a factor of 1.6. 相似文献
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对川东华蓥山二叠系／三叠系界线附近粘土层中的粘土矿物进行野外采样和室内X射线衍射分析,结果表明,这些粘土矿物主要由规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石组成,其中1个样品可能舍有少量不规则混层绿泥石-蒙脱石等粘土矿物。总地看来．该界线粘土层中的规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石中伊利石层的含量自下而上呈现减少的趋势,平均含量约83％,所经历的最大古地温在125-150℃之间。这些粘土矿物的构成和特征与前人在华南其他地区相同层位取得的成果总体上具有较好的一致性．显示了该粘土层成因的相同性及所具有的等时意义。不同地区粘土矿物构成的差异性（如高岭石的存在与含量）可能与二叠系／三叠系界线不整合的存在与否或间断时间有关,规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石的混层比则与埋藏历史和沉积-沉积期后的流体介质有关。 相似文献
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Maarten Nachtegaal André M. Scheidegger Rainer Dähn Gerhard Furrer 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(17):4211-4225
The sorption capacity of montmorillonite clay minerals for small cations, such as Ni2+, can be greatly enhanced by modifying the clay mineral with Al(III). In this study, the mechanisms of Ni uptake by Al-modified montmorillonite were studied using extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy of powders and polarized EXAFS spectroscopy of self-supporting clay films to delineate the binding structure of Ni formed as a function of the reaction conditions. Analysis of powder EXAFS spectra of wet pastes, collected from Ni-treated Al-modified montmorillonites reacted at pH 5-8, 25°C or 80°C (to accelerate the reaction process), and reaction times ranging from 1 month to 9 yrs, showed that Ni was surrounded on average by 6 O atoms at a distance of 2.05 Å and 6 Al atoms at 3.01 Å, suggesting the incorporation of Ni into a gibbsite-like structure. Only at pH 8, Ni-containing precipitates were congruently formed. Polarized EXAFS spectroscopy of self-supporting Ni-reacted Al-modified montmorillonite clay films showed a pronounced angular dependency of the spectra of the Ni-doped gibbsite, indicating that the orientation of this Ni-doped gibbsite coincided with the layering of the montmorillonite. Data analysis suggested that Ni is included slightly above and below the vacant octahedral sites of the postulated interstitial gibbsite monolayer. This newly identified mechanism of metal uptake by Al-modified montmorillonite provides a large metal sorption capacity and, because the metal is included in a monolayer gibbsite or gibbsite “islands” formed in the interstitial space of the clay mineral, it potentially leads to a permanent sequestration of the metal from the environment. 相似文献
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Transformational changes of clay minerals, zeolites and silica minerals during diagenesis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Diagenetic transformation of clay minerals, zeolites and silica minerals in Cretaceous and Tertiary argillaceous rocks from deeply drilled wells in Japan were studied. Transformations of these minerals during diagenesis were as follows: in clay minerals, montmorillonite → montmorillonite-illite mixed-layer mineral → illite; in zeolites, volcanic glass → clinoptilolite → heulandite and/or analcite → laumontite and/or albite; in silica minerals, amorphous silica → low-cristobalite → low-quartz. Maximum overburden pressures and geothermal temperatures corresponding to these transformations in each well studied were calculated. For clay minerals, a pressure of approximately 900 kg cm?2 and a temperature of about 100°C are necessary for the transformation from montmorillonite to mixed-layer mineral and 920 kg cm?2 and 140°C for mixed-layer mineral to illite. Transformation from kaolinite to other minerals requires much higher pressures and temperatures than from montmorillonite to mixed-layer mineral. For zeolites, 330 kg cm?2 and 60°C are required for the transformation from volcanic glass to clinoptilolite, 860 kg cm?2 and 120°C for clinoptilolite to heulandite and/or analcite, and 930 kg cm?2 and 140°C for heulandite and/or analcite to laumontite and/or albite. For silica minerals, 250 kg cm?2 and 50°C are necessary for the transformation from amorphous silica to low-cristobalite and 660 kg cm?2 and 70°C for low-cristobalite to low-quartz. Based on these diagenetic mineral transformations, seven mineral zones are recognized in argillaceous sediments. On the other hand, from the porosity studies of argillaceous sediments in Japan, the process of diagenesis is classified into the following three stages. The early compaction stage is marked by shallow burial and viscous rocks with more than 30% porosity. The late compaction stage is characterized by intermediate burial and plastic rocks with 30-10% porosities. The transformation stage is marked by deep burial and elastic rocks with less than 10% porosity. 相似文献
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Clay minerals can hinder the transport of various contaminants in soil and aquifer, but how clay minerals affect the transport of nanoparticles in aquifers has not been investigated in depth. In this paper, the transport of surfactants dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in well-defined quartz sand and mixtures of quartz sand and clay minerals (kaolinite and montmorillonite) with varying ionic strengths was studied. Sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) and octyl-phenol-ethoxylate (TX100) MWCNT suspensions can migrate through quartz sand easily, but the presence of less than 2% w/w clay minerals in quartz sand can significantly hinder the transport of MWCNT suspensions, especially at high ion strength (0.6 mM CaCl2). The inhibition mechanism of clay minerals for surfactant-dispersed MWCNTs in porous media is the interception of MWCNTs. Kaolinite has stronger inhibition effect for MWCNTs transport than montmorillonite because more kaolinite can be retained in the quartz sand. Adsorption of surfactants by clay minerals does not affect the transport of MWCNTs significantly. This finding is important for the environmental assessment of MWCNT transport risks in soils and aquifers. 相似文献
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粘土沉积物XRD定量分析方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从理论上推导了无序混合层粘土矿物混层比f与XRD视面网间距d之间的近似函数关系,制定出I/S混层矿物的d-f换算表;通过对济阳拗陷泥质岩石的研究,从一种新的途径求出了粘土矿物的强度因子,提出混层矿物XRD强度因子与混层比的线性关系式。根据不同的制样方法,利用微机运算,可以对粘土沉积物中的6种或10种矿物进行大量快速的定量分析。 相似文献
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硫脲浸取—光度法测定硫化矿中金 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
常温下在Ｈ２Ｃ２Ｏ４－Ｈ２ＳＯ４介绍中,用５０ｇ／Ｌ硫脲（Ｔｕ）溶液可完全浸提含金硫化矿中Ａｕ,对金的浸取率可达９９．８％,然后作用ＣＬ－Ｐ２０４萃淋树脂事集含金分解液中Ａｕ（Ｔｕ）２＾＋,结晶紫分光度法测定。方法用于硫化原生矿及含硫浮选精矿中Ａｕ的测定,所得结果与王水分解原子吸收法测定相符,其ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝５）〈３％。 相似文献
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广西百色盆地干酪根的研究--兼探干酪根的演化与粘土矿物的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文用X射线、微区分析等方法对广西百色盆地那读三段泥岩中的干酪根进行了详细研究,该盆地干酪根的芳香度（Fa）为0.28至0.37,芳香核厚度（Le）为16.60A到20.76A,芳香片层数（n）为5到6层,证明属Ⅱ型干酪根,在同一剖面,fa随深度增加而变大,表明了干酪根向成熟方向转化。在干酪根中碳元素的分布是不均匀的,一般中间含量高,向边部则含量变低,铁及硅元素也向中间聚集,多数情况下形成FeS2核,在核的周围分布有粘土矿物。干酪根成熟程度的变化趋势与粘土矿物的演化趋势在宏观上是一致的,即与蒙脱石转化为伊/蒙混层粘土矿物的趋势一致。并从化学健和能量方面对这种过程进行了一些探讨。 相似文献