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1.
确定岩石中矿物成核速度,成核密度,晶体生长速度和结晶时间的CSD理论及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结晶岩类的热力学研究是岩石学研究的重要内容之一。本文介绍了结晶岩石中矿物
结晶过程，包括矿物成核密度、成核速度、晶体生长速度、结晶时间与晶体大小分布的关系即CSD理论以及岩浆冷却、喷发、混合，接触变质、区域变质等过程各自具有的CSD特征;并对CSD理
论、方法及其地质应用进行了评价:指出复杂的自然过程对CSD的影响，在定向构造发育较好的
岩石巾由二维晶体测定转向三维计算的改进方法以及GSD所具有的重要的年代学意义。 相似文献
2.
本文对丹凤地区秦岭岩群含柯石英超高压变质地体长英质片麻岩中的混合岩化长英质浅色体和含石榴子石暗色包体的花岗质脉体进行了详细的矿物学、地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学以及Lu-Hf同位素研究。其中,长英质浅色体显示了近原位熔融的高硅、富钾的过铝质花岗岩地球化学特征;锆石的CL图像呈灰黑色,均匀无结构或云雾状内部结构,Th/U比值0. 008,并含有钾长石、斜长石、石英和磷灰石等包裹体,显示深熔锆石的特征;花岗质脉体暗色包体中的石榴子石显示核-边成分环带,其中核部成分与秦岭岩群长英质片麻岩中石榴子石成分一致,边部Sps含量升高,显示熔体改造或退变质扩散特征,寄主花岗质脉体显示重稀土强烈亏损的与石榴子石平衡的熔体特征,指示它们是秦岭岩群含石榴子石长英质片麻岩部分熔融的产物。锆石LA-ICP-MS定年得到长英质浅色体和花岗质脉体的结晶年龄分别为445±4Ma和420±1Ma,明显晚于本区的超高压变质时代,而与折返过程中麻粒岩相和角闪岩相退变质叠加的时代基本一致。结合区域地质和前人的研究成果,提出秦岭岩群在深俯冲板块的折返过程中,分别在445Ma和420Ma发生了两期部分熔融作用。 相似文献
3.
一个晚元古代的洋内岛弧地体──东秦岭丹凤群变质火山岩的地球化学证据韩松，贾秀勤（中国科学院高能物理研究所，北京１０００８０）张宗清，孙勇（中国地质科学院地质研究所，北京１０００３７）（西北大学地质系，西安７１００６９）关键词丹凤群、变质火山岩、玄武岩... 相似文献
4.
北秦岭造山带早古生代多期变质与深熔作用：锆石U-Pb年代学证据 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
北秦岭造山带中的秦岭群以多期变质作用和强烈混合岩化为特征,出露有早古生代的榴辉岩和高压麻粒岩,以及区域性分布的中低压麻粒岩-角闪岩相变质岩石和混合岩。本文对西峡双龙地区混合岩化片麻岩(中色体)、石榴子石黑云母片岩(暗色体)和淡色花岗岩脉体进行了详细的锆石U-Pb定年和微量元素研究。结果表明片麻岩的原岩年龄为941±11Ma(2σ,MSWD=0.59),石榴子石黑云母片岩的原岩年龄为756±9.9Ma(2σ,MSWD=1.07)。石榴子石黑云母片岩中的变质锆石获得了484±9.6Ma(2σ,MSWD=0.88)的年龄,与片麻岩中锆石变质增生边获得的单点年龄498±11Ma在误差范围内一致。这些变质锆石多数具有平坦的HREE分配模式,弱Eu负异常,与高压变质岩中的变质锆石特征相似。该年龄与秦岭榴辉岩和高压麻粒岩的变质年龄相一致。石榴子石黑云母片岩中锆石的最外层增生边记录了424±9.1Ma的年龄,同时淡色脉体中的锆石也给出了422±4.0Ma(2σ,MSWD=0.77)的加权平均年龄,代表了深熔脉体的结晶年龄。这些锆石均为新生锆石,阴极发光弱,具有低的Th/U比值,平坦的HREE分配模式,强烈的Eu负异常,指示部分熔融过程中存在大量石榴子石和斜长石。深熔脉体的年龄与秦岭群中的中低压高温-超高麻粒岩相变质的年龄相符。结合已有的结果,我们认为秦岭群普遍记录了500~480Ma的高压、超高压变质作用,并叠加了440~400Ma的中压-高温变质和深熔作用。秦岭群可能是Rodinia超大陆裂解过程中从华南陆块或相似构造属性陆块分离并漂移到华北克拉通南缘的微陆块。在500~480Ma时发生碰撞造山作用导致北秦岭微陆块深俯冲并发生了高压-超高压变质作用,在志留纪由于商丹洋壳北向俯冲导致秦岭微陆块发生了以中压-高温变质、深熔和同时的岩浆作用为特征的增生造山作用。 相似文献
5.
分布于北秦岭造山带南部，夹持于商丹断裂带与朱夏断裂带之间的秦岭杂岩是秦岭造山带中最古老的前寒武纪基底块体之一。它是秦岭造山带中前寒武纪地壳形成与演化的地质记录，经历了晚元古代以来多旋回俯冲碰撞造山作用过程中多期构造热事件的改造。包含了大量反映秦岭造山带形成与演化的动力学过程地质信忠。虽然前人对秦岭杂岩已经进行了广泛深入研究，发表了大量的研究论著，提出了许多新认识和新见解，如从原秦岭群中解体出松树沟蛇绿岩片、峡河山群、古深成花岗片麻岩体等I高压变质岩(榴辉岩，高压麻粒岩)的发现；多期变形与变质特征的认识等。但由于秦岭杂岩问题的复杂性，某些认识或问题仍有待进一步研究探讨。其中(1)松树沟蛇绿岩片是否真正蛇绿岩?松树沟超镁铁质岩体与其围岩变质镁铁质岩是否同时代?它们的构造变形与变质历史是否相同?(2)峡河山群组成、分布、时代、构造意义及其与秦岭群片麻岩的关系；(3)秦岭岩群的组成、主变质期和变形期昀时代及性质；(4)晋宁期花岗岩带形成的构造背景及动力学意义；(5)已有同位素测年数据确切的地质意义；(6)高压交质岩的分布、产出状态、与围岩的关系、时代、成因及构造意义是秦岭杂岩研究中的基本问题。文中对上述有关问题进行了简要讨论，提出了今后秦岭杂岩研究的重点应放在构造事件、变质热事件、岩浆事件及其相互关系研究和这些地质事件的精确的同位素测年工作上。 相似文献
6.
《矿物学报》2016,(1)
斜长石是岩浆岩中最主要的造岩矿物之一,它在岩浆演化过程中扮演着重要角色。通过高温高压实验途径可以确定斜长石在岩浆中的结晶条件、探讨斜长石的生长动力学。近年来,较多学者对斜长石的结晶作用进行了实验研究,这些研究对理解斜长石的结晶条件和岩浆的结晶过程都有重要意义。本文从以下两个方面对斜长石结晶作用的实验研究做了系统的总结:(1)斜长石晶体的生长及其制约因素,包括熔体组分、温度、压力和H2O含量等条件对斜长石结晶的影响。熔体组分能够影响斜长石的液相线温度及结晶斜长石的An含量;温度对斜长石的成核生长、成分以及形态均有影响;压力对斜长石成核生长的影响比较复杂;H2O含量能够显著降低斜长石的结晶温度,影响结晶斜长石的晶体大小。(2)斜长石结晶作用实验研究的地质应用。对结晶斜长石成分、结构、晶体大小的研究,能够揭示岩浆在其演化过程中物理化学条件的变化。 相似文献
7.
秦岭群的构造变形及变质作用的分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
秦岭群分布于秦岭山脉的主峰位置,处于重要的构造部位。秦岭群专题研究组,将原划归秦岭群(南侧)的一套基性火山岩系解体出来,命名为丹凤群,其时代归属于早古生代;将北侧的一套中基性火山岩系归并于北部早古生代地层。原划秦岭群主体部分仍保留秦岭群的名称。其时代,据已取得的较多的全岩铷锶等时年龄资料,归属于中元古代。秦岭群为一套深变质和超变质的岩石,划分为四个岩段。第一岩段主要为混合岩、混合 相似文献
8.
9.
通过对沙溪矿区含矿与不含矿斑岩中斜长石斑晶的粒度统计，计算出平均矿物粒度（Ｓ）、矿物分布密度（Ｄ）及矿物分布均匀度（Ｈ）；再根据晶体大小分布理论（ＣＳＤ），计算出斜长石的晶体生长速率、成核密度及成核速率等岩浆结晶动力学参数；发现含矿斑岩较无矿斑岩有高的成核密度和成核速率，而晶体生长速率则较低；指出成分相近的斑岩在岩浆结晶动力学特征上的极细差别可能造成岩体含矿性明显不同。 相似文献
10.
11.
A. D. L. SKELTON 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1997,15(1):85-92
A spatial association is observed between the size distribution of garnet porphyroblasts and the size distribution of quartz veins in greenschist facies metapelites from Troms, North Norway. The size distribution of quartz veins reflects the flow regime of metamorphic fluids. The hypothesis that the flow regime of metamorphic fluids is also responsible for the size distribution of garnet crystals was tested by ascribing empirical acceleration parameters to the nucleation and growth rates of garnet crystals.
In regions where fluid flow was interpreted as pervasive', acceleration parameters for nucleation were high, whereas in regions where fluid flow was interpreted as channelled', acceleration parameters for growth were high. Accelerated crystal growth is further implied from the chemical zoning and crystal morphologies of garnets collected near discrete veins.
This spatial association may imply that fluid flow can be instrumental in controlling garnet crystallization. Fluid flow could affect garnet crystallization kinetics by facilitating thermal advection and/or mass transfer. In the study area, rhodochrosite (MnCO3 ) veins provide evidence for mass transfer of Mn by fluid flow. An influx of Mn would expand the stability field of garnet to lower temperatures. The resulting thermal overstep could accelerate nucleation and/or growth of garnets.
The corollary of this study is that size distributions and chemical zoning of garnets, or other porphyroblast phases, can be used to study metamorphic fluid flow. 相似文献
In regions where fluid flow was interpreted as pervasive', acceleration parameters for nucleation were high, whereas in regions where fluid flow was interpreted as channelled', acceleration parameters for growth were high. Accelerated crystal growth is further implied from the chemical zoning and crystal morphologies of garnets collected near discrete veins.
This spatial association may imply that fluid flow can be instrumental in controlling garnet crystallization. Fluid flow could affect garnet crystallization kinetics by facilitating thermal advection and/or mass transfer. In the study area, rhodochrosite (MnCO
The corollary of this study is that size distributions and chemical zoning of garnets, or other porphyroblast phases, can be used to study metamorphic fluid flow. 相似文献
12.
Toward a quantitative model of metamorphic nucleation and growth 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
F. Gaidies D. R. M. Pattison C. de Capitani 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,162(5):975-993
The formation of metamorphic garnet during isobaric heating is simulated on the basis of the classical nucleation and reaction rate theories and Gibbs free energy dissipation in a multi-component model system. The relative influences are studied of interfacial energy, chemical mobility at the surface of garnet clusters, heating rate and pressure on interface-controlled garnet nucleation and growth kinetics. It is found that the interfacial energy controls the departure from equilibrium required to nucleate garnet if attachment and detachment processes at the surface of garnet limit the overall crystallization rate. The interfacial energy for nucleation of garnet in a metapelite of the aureole of the Nelson Batholith, BC, is estimated to range between 0.03 and 0.3?J/m2 at a pressure of ca. 3,500?bar. This corresponds to a thermal overstep of the garnet-forming reaction of ca. 30°C. The influence of the heating rate on thermal overstepping is negligible. A significant feedback is predicted between chemical fractionation associated with garnet formation and the kinetics of nucleation and crystal growth of garnet giving rise to its lognormal??shaped crystal size distribution. 相似文献
13.
William D. Carlson 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1989,103(1):1-24
The spatial disposition, compositional zoning profiles, and size distributions of garnet crystals in 11 specimens of pelitic schist from the Picuris Range of New Mexico (USA) demonstrate that the kinetics of intergranular diffusion controlled the nucleation and growth mechanisms of porphyroblasts in these rocks. An ordered disposition of garnet centers and a significant correlation between crystal radius and near-neighbor distances manifest suppressed nucleation of new crystals in diffusionally depleted zones surrounding pre-existing crystals. Compositional zoning profiles require diffusionally controlled growth, the rate of which increases exponentially as temperature increases with time; an acceleration factor for growth rate can be estimated from a comparison of compositional profiles for crystals of different sizes in each specimen. Crystal size distributions are interpreted as the result of nucleation rates that accelerate exponentially with increasing temperature early in the crystallization process, but decline in the later stages because of suppression effects in the vicinity of earlier-formed nuclei. Simulations of porphyroblast crystallization, based upon thermally accelerated diffusionally influenced nucleation kinetics and diffusionally controlled growth kinetics, quantitatively replicate textural relations in the rocks. The simulations employ only two variable parameters, which are evaluated by fitting of crystal size distributions. Both have physical significance. The first is an acceleration factor for nucleation, with a magnitude reflecting the prograde increase during the nucleation interval of the chemical affinity for the reaction in undepleted regions of the rock. The second is a measure of the relative sizes of the porphyroblast and the diffusionally depleted zone surrounding it. Crystal size distributions for the Picuris Range garnets correspond very closely to those in the literature from a variety of other localities for garnet and other minerals. The same kinetic model accounts quantitatively for crystal size distributions of porphyroblastic garnet, phlogopite, sphene, and pyroxene in rocks from both regional and contact metamorphic occurrences. These commonalities indicate that intergranular diffusion may be the dominant kinetic factor in the crystallization of porphyroblasts in a wide variety of metamorphic environments. 相似文献
14.
David M. Hirsch 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(4):401-415
Garnet-bearing schists from the Waterville Formation of south-central Maine provide an opportunity to examine the factors
governing porphyroblast size over a range of metamorphic grade. Three-dimensional sizes and locations for all garnet porphyroblasts
were determined for three samples along the metamorphic field gradient spanning lowest garnet through sillimanite grade, using
high-resolution X-ray computed tomography. Comparison of crystal size distributions to previous data sets obtained by stereological
methods for the same samples reveals significant differences in mode, mean, and shape of the distributions. Quantitative textural
analysis shows that the garnets in each rock crystallized in a diffusion-controlled nucleation and growth regime. In contrast
to the typical observation of a correlation between porphyroblast size and position along a metamorphic field gradient, porphyroblast
size of the lowest-grade specimen is intermediate between the high- and middle-grade specimens’ sizes. Mean porphyroblast
size does not correlate with peak temperatures from garnet-biotite Fe-Mg exchange thermometry, nor is post-crystallization
annealing (Ostwald Ripening) required to produce the observed textures, as was previously proposed for these rocks. Robust
pseudosection calculations fail to reproduce the observed garnet core compositions for two specimens, suggesting that these
calc-pelites experienced metasomatism. For each of these two specimens, Monte Carlo calculations suggest potential pre-metasomatism
bulk compositions that replicate garnet core compositions. Pseudosection analyses allow the estimation of the critical temperatures
for garnet growth: ∼481, ∼477, and ∼485°C for the lowest-garnet-zone, middle-garnet-zone, and sillimanite-zone specimens,
respectively. Porphyroblast size appears to be determined in this case by a combination of the heating rate during garnet
crystallization, the critical temperature for the garnet-forming reaction and the kinetics of nucleation. Numerical simulations
of thermally accelerated, diffusion-controlled nucleation, and growth for the three samples closely match measured crystal
size distributions. These observations and simulations suggest that previous hypotheses linking the garnet size primarily
to the temperature at the onset of porphyroblast nucleation can only partially explain the observed textures. Also important
in determining porphyroblast size are the heating rate and the distribution of favorable nucleation sites. 相似文献
15.
Ralph Kretz 《Lithos》1974,7(3):123-131
Information on the form of the equation for the rate of crystallization of garnet in metamorphic rocks may be obtained by combining an expression for the rate of crystal growth, obtained from data on compositional zoning, with an expression for the rate of nucleation, obtained from the crystal-size distribution.Three models for the rate of crystal growth and four for the rate of nucleation are formulated, and these, in different combinations, give rise to ten models for the rate of crystallization. Considerable variation in the form of the growth and nucleation equations produces a relatively small variation in the form of the equation for the rate of crystallization. In the favoured crystallization models, the volume of garnet produced in unit volume of rock is a function of time raised to the power m, where m lies between 3.5 and 5. 相似文献
16.
Crystal size distribution (CSD) in rocks and the kinetics and dynamics of crystallization 总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2
Bruce D. Marsh 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1988,99(3):277-291
Crystal-size in crystalline rocks is a fundamental measure of growth rate and age. And if nucleation spawns crystals over a span of time, a broad range of crystal sizes is possible during crystallization. A population balance based on the number density of crystals of each size generally predicts a log-linear distribution with increasing size. The negative slope of such a distribution is a measure of the product of overall population growth rate and mean age and the zero size intercept is nucleation density. Crystal size distributions (CSDs) observed for many lavas are smooth and regular, if not actually linear, when so plotted and can be interpreted using the theory of CSDs developed in chemical engineering by Randolph and Larson (1971). Nucleation density, nucleation and growth rates, and orders of kinetic reactions can be estimated from such data, and physical processes affecting the CSD (e.g. crystal fractionation and accumulation, mixing of populations, annealing in metamorphic and plutonic rocks, and nuclei destruction) can be gauged through analytical modeling. CSD theory provides a formalism for the macroscopic study of kinetic and physical processes affecting crystallization, within which the explicit affect of chemical and physical processes on the CSD can be analytically tested. It is a means by which petrographic information can be quantitatively linked to the kinetics of crystallization, and on these grounds CSDs furnish essential information supplemental to laboratory kinetic studies. In this three part series of papers, Part I provides the general CSD theory in a geological context, while applications to igneous and metamorphic rocks are given, respectively, in Parts II and III. 相似文献
17.
内蒙古大青山地区石榴花岗岩的地质特征和岩相学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
内蒙古大青山地区石榴花岗岩出露于哈德门沟-平方沟-虎本汉沟一带,沿麻粒岩系与孔兹岩系之间的构造不整合面呈不规则带状分布,从其野外地质特征和岩相学特征可确定石榴花岗岩与围岩为渐变过渡关系.石榴花岗岩中的变质表壳岩以及部分包体不仅在岩性上可与外围的同类岩石对比,而且也显示了明显的深熔作用改造的痕迹.现有证据表明石榴花岗岩总体上是由孔兹岩系的石榴黑云片麻岩原地熔融形成的,为深熔作用的产物.石榴花岗岩的研究为本区的深熔作用演化提供了依据. 相似文献
18.
Three-dimensional quantitative textural analysis coupled with numerical modelling has been used to assess the dominant mechanisms governing crystallization of garnet porphyroblasts in rocks from diverse regional metamorphic environments. In every case, spatial dispositions, crystal size distributions, and compositional zoning patterns of porphyroblasts indicate the dominance of diffusion-controlled nucleation and growth mechanisms.
Nine samples from three geological areas were studied: a suite of semi-pelitic rocks from the Picuris Mountains, New Mexico (USA); a suite of mafic samples from the Llano Uplift, Texas (USA); and a kyanite schist from Mica Dam, British Columbia (Canada). The semi-pelitic suite exhibits post-deformational garnet growth, whereas garnet in the mafic suite and in the kyanite schist grew synkinematically in rocks displaying weak and strong penetrative fabrics, respectively.
For each sample, the centres and radii of thousands of garnet crystals were located and measured in three dimensions, using images produced by high-resolution computed X-ray tomography. Statistical measures of the degree of ordering and clustering of nucleation sites, and estimates of crystal isolation for each porphyroblast, were then computed from the measured spatial dispositions. These measures can be reproduced in simple numerical models only by diffusion-controlled nucleation and growth mechanisms. Normalized radius-rate relations computed from compositional zoning patterns in the garnets require thermally accelerated diffusion-controlled growth, providing independent confirmation of the conclusions based on textural analysis. The unexpected similarity of results from all samples indicates that diffusion-controlled nucleation and growth mechanisms may govern porphyroblast crystallization in many metamorphic regimes. 相似文献
Nine samples from three geological areas were studied: a suite of semi-pelitic rocks from the Picuris Mountains, New Mexico (USA); a suite of mafic samples from the Llano Uplift, Texas (USA); and a kyanite schist from Mica Dam, British Columbia (Canada). The semi-pelitic suite exhibits post-deformational garnet growth, whereas garnet in the mafic suite and in the kyanite schist grew synkinematically in rocks displaying weak and strong penetrative fabrics, respectively.
For each sample, the centres and radii of thousands of garnet crystals were located and measured in three dimensions, using images produced by high-resolution computed X-ray tomography. Statistical measures of the degree of ordering and clustering of nucleation sites, and estimates of crystal isolation for each porphyroblast, were then computed from the measured spatial dispositions. These measures can be reproduced in simple numerical models only by diffusion-controlled nucleation and growth mechanisms. Normalized radius-rate relations computed from compositional zoning patterns in the garnets require thermally accelerated diffusion-controlled growth, providing independent confirmation of the conclusions based on textural analysis. The unexpected similarity of results from all samples indicates that diffusion-controlled nucleation and growth mechanisms may govern porphyroblast crystallization in many metamorphic regimes. 相似文献
19.
周潭群变质岩系中石榴石、十字石和黑云母微区化学成分变化明显,石榴石变斑晶具典型的生长环带,由晶体中心向两侧边缘XMg,XFe值递增,XCa,XMn值递减,反映增温过程,晶体最边缘的化学成分反映变质峰期的温度条件。变质岩系经历了角闪岩相变质作用,划分为3个变质阶段。各阶段石榴石的分布、形态、矿物组合、化学成分及其成因条件存在一定差异。通过成因矿物学的系统研究,确定本区变质岩系石榴石的结晶生长演化史及变晶变形序列。 相似文献
20.
The distribution of Mg in garnet exchange equilibria has been examined in three regional metamorphic and four eclogitic parageneses. Garnet cell volume has been found to have a significant effect on the distribution of Mg between garnet and coexisting ferromagnesian minerals. When the activity of Mg is corrected for the variation in cell volume, the range in variation of the distribution coefficients is strongly reduced within each group. Also the relative positions of the different groups in the distribution diagrams are in better accordance with geological evidence of crystallization temperatures. It is proposed that the effect of the garnet cell volume on the Mg distribution may be used as a geobarometer. The distribution of Ca between garnet and plagioclase is also discussed and it is found that the Ca partitioning is not suitable for geobarometry, as this partioning is dependent on the Mg/Fe ratio of the garnet. 相似文献