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1.
Response of the interaction between groundwater and other components of the environment in Mexico 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
J. J. Carrillo-Rivera A. Cardona R. Huizar-Alvarez E. Graniel 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(2):303-319
This article reviews and discusses environmental aspects related to vertical upward and downward groundwater flow. Flow systems
are an important tool to understand groundwater functioning as related to the environment, in terms of obtaining indicators
of human impact and solving specific questions about a groundwater-environment system that has been influenced by anthropogenic
means. This involves two broad processes. First, groundwater changes due to activities of man in the surrounding environment
as a result of: (1) alteration of recharge by modification of native vegetation and original soil cover; (2) reduction of
groundwater discharge to coastal areas and to inland water bodies producing desiccation of wetlands, lakes and springs; (3)
groundwater contamination from sewage looses and uncontrolled waste disposal locations, and (4) up-welling of undesirable
water quality induced by extraction. Second, environmental alterations due to changes in the groundwater regime produce: (1)
increase in soil erosion through the disappearance of vegetation due to water-table decline, (2) water-table rise due to unplanned
artificial recharge resulting from water imports to a catchment, (3) decline in water levels for improper extraction regime,
(4) soil subsidence due to extraction mismanagement, and (5) disappearance of phreatofites caused by excessive extraction.
Unless further understanding between groundwater and the other components of the environment is sought, the relationship between
people and its environment will be subject to some of these effects, potentially endangering adequate human development and
sustainable water management. 相似文献
2.
Solution-subsidence and other types of collapse failures developed in the vicinity of Sazlıca have been a major source of
environmental problems such as groundwater pollution, soil erosion, and foundation failures. Extensive pumping of water from
the Lake Dipsiz during irrigation seasons creates landslide developments at the shores of the lake. Five stages of landslide
development were observed in the unconsolidated soils around Lake Dipsiz. Bowl-shaped solution-subsidence features with depths
from 1 to 3 m and diameters between 1 and 60 m were formed due to excess pumping, and recharge and discharge features of unconfined
aquifer. The pumping activities must be controlled to prevent further environmental problems. Lake Dipsiz and other subsidence
developments are the groundwater exposure areas highly vulnerable to contamination. The proposed remedies for overcoming the
environmental problems are the establishment of conservation areas around such natural features; ceasing the removal of top
soil, controlling the urbanization, and keeping the livestock farming away from the areas susceptible to pollution.
Received: 2 June 1997 · Accepted: 16 January 1998 相似文献
3.
4.
Ali El-Naqa 《Environmental Geology》2005,47(5):632-639
An environmental impact assessment (EIA) study for the solid waste landfill was prepared for the Russeifa area, northeast Jordan. As landfill was not subjected to sophisticated EIA, serious environmental problems are still occurring, such as groundwater contamination and air pollution. Three alternatives were proposed to rehabilitate the landfill: upgrading the existing landfill, construction of a biogas plant and its relocation. The EIA for the three options was carried out using the rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM), it applies a consistent and recordable assessment of the importance of the different components. The scoping components included in the RIAM were: physical/chemical, biological/ecological, social/cultural and economic/operational components. The RIAM analysis showed that the least negative impacts would be to relocate to a better-managed sanitary landfill. The most serious negative impacts were the contamination of groundwater, air pollution and public health. These impacts can be mitigated through a comprehensive environmental management plan for the Russeifa landfill to address the deterioration of environmental components in the vicinity of landfill. 相似文献
5.
天水市位于甘肃省东南部,区内地质环境背景条件复杂,人类工程活动对地质环境的扰动不断加剧,市区经济发展面临着多种地质环境问题的制约,其中以地下水资源衰减、地下水污染、地质灾害以及特殊土地质环境问题最为突出。本文在研究上述地质环境问题的基础上,对地质环境问题造成的经济损失进行了评估,提出了环境地质问题防治对策。 相似文献
6.
Application of a groundwater contamination index in Finland and Slovakia 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11
A methodology is presented for evaluating and mapping the degree of groundwater contamination by applying the contamination index C d . The applicability of the contamination index was tested in two distinctly different geological regions: the area between Uusikaupunki and Yläne in southwestern Finland and the Brezno area in central Slovakia. The index takes into account both the number of parameters that exceed the upper permissible concentrations of contaminants or potentially harmful elements and the part of the concentrations exceeding those values. The water-quality parameters reflect the effect of diverse natural (topographical, climatical, geological, biological) and anthropogenic (type of land use, local pollution) environmental factors on groundwater quality. In Finland, technical-aesthetic contamination was found over more than half the test area. These quality problems were most often related to acidity and high concentrations of organic carbon and Al and Fe in wells. Health-risk-based contamination, mainly caused by elevated concentrations of fluoride, radon, or nitrate, was found in only a few separate areas. In Slovakia, naturally contaminated and anthropogenically polluted groundwaters could be distinguished. The geogenic pollution is mainly derived from sulfide mineralizations. In both countries the strongest anthropogenic pollution was found in intensively cultivated areas. 相似文献
7.
J. M. Rine R. C. Berg J. M. Shafer E. R. Covington J. K. Reed C. B. Bennett J. E. Trudnak 《Environmental Geology》1998,35(4):263-277
A methodology was developed to evaluate and map the contamination potential or aquifer sensitivity of the upper groundwater
flow system of a portion of the General Separations Area (GSA) at the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) in
South Carolina. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to integrate diverse subsurface geologic data, soils data,
and hydrology utilizing a stack-unit mapping approach to construct mapping layers. This is the first time that such an approach
has been used to delineate the hydrogeology of a coastal plain environment. Unit surface elevation maps were constructed for
the tops of six Tertiary units derived from over 200 boring logs. Thickness or isopach maps were created for five hydrogeologic
units by differencing top and basal surface elevations. The geologic stack-unit map was created by stacking the five isopach
maps and adding codes for each stack-unit polygon. Stacked-units were rated according to their hydrogeologic properties and
ranked using a logarithmic approach (utility theory) to establish a contamination potential index. Colors were assigned to
help display relative importance of stacked-units in preventing or promoting transport of contaminants. The sensitivity assessment
included the effects of surface soils on contaminants which are particularly important for evaluating potential effects from
surface spills. Hydrogeologic/hydrologic factors did not exhibit sufficient spatial variation to warrant incorporation into
contamination potential assessment. Development of this contamination potential mapping system provides a useful tool for
site planners, environmental scientists, and regulatory agencies.
Received: 1 April 1997 · Accepted: 4 November 1997 相似文献
8.
The Commission on Geological Sciences for Environmental Planning (COGEOENVIRONMENT) of IUGS and UNESCO have initiated a joint
project to develop a worldwide data base on earth-science-related environmental problems and to assess which geoscientific
information is available locally for prevention, prediction or mitigation of such problems. As a first step, a pilot project
on geo-environmental problems and geo-information was launched for central and eastern Europe. In this paper the results of
a questionnaire sent to all these partly new countries are presented. Analysis of the results of the questionnaire shows that
the most serious and common geo-environmental problems in central and eastern Europe are earthquakes, landslides, soil contamination,
groundwater pollution and flooding by rivers. Other geo-environmental problems in this part of Europe and some difficulties
experienced during the pilot project are also referred to. Some suggestions for the application of geoscientific knowledge
to mitigate such problems are presented at the end of this paper.
Received: 25 February 1997 · Accepted: 28 January 1998 相似文献
9.
10.
Water vulnerability assessment in karst environments: a new method of defining protection areas using a multi-attribute approach and GIS tools (EPIK method) 总被引：42，自引：12，他引：30
Groundwater resources from karst aquifers play a major role in the water supply in karst areas in the world, such as in Switzerland.
Defining groundwater protection zones in karst environment is frequently not founded on a solid hydrogeological basis. Protection
zones are often inadequate and as a result they may be ineffective. In order to improve this situation, the Federal Office
for Environment, Forests and Landscape with the Swiss National Hydrological and Geological Survey contracted the Centre of
Hydrogeology of the Neuchatel University to develop a new groundwater protection-zones strategy in karst environment. This
approach is based on the vulnerability mapping of the catchment areas of water supplies provided by springs or boreholes.
Vulnerability is here defined as the intrinsic geological and hydrogeological characteristics which determine the sensitivity
of groundwater to contamination by human activities. The EPIK method is a multi-attribute method for vulnerability mapping
which takes into consideration the specific hydrogeological behaviour of karst aquifers. EPIK is based on a conceptual model
of karst hydrological systems, which suggests considering four karst aquifer attributes: (1) Epikarst, (2) Protective cover,
(3) Infiltration conditions and (4) Karst network development. Each of these four attributes is subdivided into classes which
are mapped over the whole water catchment. The attributes and their classes are then weighted. Attribute maps are overlain
in order to obtain a final vulnerability map. From the vulnerability map, the groundwater protection zones are defined precisely.
This method was applied at several sites in Switzerland where agriculture contamination problems have frequently occurred.
These applications resulted in recommend new boundaries for the karst water supplies protection-zones.
Received: 27 October 1997 · Accepted: 4 July 1998 相似文献
11.
Environmental geology problems in the Tyrrhenian coastal area of Santa Marinella, province of Rome, central Italy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
U. Chiocchini G. Gisotti A. Macioce F. Manna A. Bolasco C. Lucarini G. M. Patrizi 《Environmental Geology》1997,32(1):1-8
The Tyrrhenian resort of S. Marinella (central Italy) is subjected to significant anthropogenic pressures during the summer
vacation period, a common situation all along the Italian coast. Located 65 km NW of Rome on the southern slopes of the Tolfa
Mountains, S. Marinella is built on a gently sloping, E–W trending belt which is cut by 14 N–S oriented ephemeral streams
that discharge into the Tyrrhenian Sea. The low to medium permeability turbiditic sandstones which outcrop along this belt
belong to the Late Cretaceous Pietraforte unit. Three environmental problems are addressed in this study. The first problem
is related to the high water supply demand during the summer months which has forced local residents to dig a large number
of wells. Extensive pumping from these wells has caused salt-water intrusion into the Pietraforte, thus compromising the domestic
use of the groundwater. The second problem consists of the illegal dumping of urban solid waste, material that represents
a hazard during significant rain events as well as a possible cause of groundwater contamination. The final issue addressed
concerns the flooding potential of the 14 ephemeral streams that cross the inhabited area of S. Marinella, a risk which is
highlighted by the disastrous flood which occurred on 2 October 1981 and during the period of the Roman Emperor Settimio Severo
(205 A.D.). Some suggestions are proposed to mitigate and contain the effects of these problems.
Received: 7 November 1995 / Accepted: 5 December 1996 相似文献
12.
13.
Environmental impact of uncontrolled waste disposal in mining and industrial areas in Central Germany 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
P. Schreck 《Environmental Geology》1998,35(1):66-72
The present-day landscape in Central Germany, in particular the region of Leipzig, Halle and Bitterfeld, is characterized
by the scars of former industrial activities. Vast districts have been devastated by lignite strip mining. Industrial and
domestic waste, residues from ore smelting, and highly toxic waste products from petrochemical plants and pesticide production
were deposited in abandoned pits near population centers. The chief effects of waste on the environment are the contamination
of groundwater by dissolved pollutants, the acidification of soil and water by the oxidation of pyrite-containing mining waste,
and the salinization of shallow aquifers by rising brines from adjacent confined groundwater affected by mining. The consequences
for the region are serious: mining lakes used for recreational purposes are contaminated by leachates from adjacent waste
dumps. Pyrite-containing refuse from lignite mining under oxidation gives rise to the acidification of surface and groundwater,
a basic condition for pollutant mobilization. In former metal mining districts, metalliferous and radioactive residues from
smelting jeopardize public health. These effects are described in detail using three case studies.
Received: 30 July 1996 · Accepted: 24 February 1997 相似文献
14.
Christos P. Petalas 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(1):439-452
An investigation was carried out to delineate the hydrogeologic framework and to understand groundwater quality of the Kompsatos River fan aquifer system, northeastern Greece, as well as to assess environmental impact induced by human activities. As groundwater is the only major source of water in this area, it is important to know the effect of geological formations, and anthropogenic activities on groundwater chemistry and environment. A thorough hydrogeological study was performed during the period 2004–2007. The differential river gauging method was used for estimating the volume of water leaking from (or discharging into) the river. Groundwater samples were collected from 89 monitoring wells, during the summer period of 2007, and analyzed for major ions and trace elements. A potential reservoir of groundwater is formed within the Kompsatos River fan. The aquifer system/Kompsatos River interaction is the outstanding feature of this area. Ca–Mg–HCO3–SO4 is the dominant water type as a result of dissolving carbonate salts. B, Ba, Mn, Li, Sr, and Zn are the most abundant trace elements in groundwater. Both the major-ion chemistry and trace element enrichment of the groundwater are controlled by mineral dissolution and water–rock interaction. Nitrate contamination of groundwater is related to agricultural practices. An improperly constructed drainage system led locally to salinization of groundwater. Channelization has caused considerable disruption to the river ecosystem. The eventual construction of a dam on the river will adversely affect the environment and the aquifer system. The lack of managerial policy for water is putting environmental resources and water supply in jeopardy. 相似文献
15.
关中城市群开采地下水有关环境地质问题
及其防治对策建议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
关中城市群地下水自集中开采以来区域地下水位呈整体下降趋势,主要城市集中供水水源地水位降幅30~50 m,最大超过120 m。长期过量开采地下水引起了地下水位持续下降、地面沉降、地裂缝以及水质污染等环境地质问题。近年随着城市群限制开采量,地下水水位下降及其相关环境地质问题在局部地段有所缓和。本文以50年地下水动态监测数据为基础,针对关中城市群地下水动态特征及相关的环境地质问题进行研究分析,并对预防和缓解环境地质问题、合理开发地下水资源提出建议。 相似文献
16.
Groundwater is the main source of water supply for Beijing. Through analysis of the water resources in Beijing from 1980s up to now, this paper finds the major problems in the exploitation and utilization of groundwater in Beijing lie in the over-exploitation and pollution in groundwater, which are primarily caused by the rapid growth of population, enduring imbalance between exploitation and replenishing of groundwater and the contamination of groundwater. Thus based on this, this paper puts forward proposals and opinions to exploit groundwater in a scientific and moderate way, and to comprehensively protect the ground?water resources and environment in Beijing. 相似文献
17.
Ankara Creek is often subjected to overflowing of sewage caused by rainfall or direct discharge of raw sewage. Alluvial aquifers
adjacent to Ankara Creek and its tributaries have considerable groundwater potential. The present status of groundwater quality
is far from drinking water standards. Groundwater contamination in Ankara is suspected to be caused by Ankara Creek which
is heavily polluted by raw sewage discharge, surface runoff and other common sources. In order to investigate the influence
of heavily polluted Ankara Creek on the groundwater contamination in the adjacent alluvial aquifers, five sampling stations
on Ankara Creek and 25 water wells were monitored during 1996. At five different sampling periods, water samples were collected
from both surface water and groundwater. Chemical analyses of basic ions, pollution parameters and heavy metals in natural
waters were carried out. The organic pollution prevails in Ankara Creek whereas total dissolved solids (TDS) and heavy metal
concentrations are considerably low. Starting from the idea that Ankara Creek somewhat influences the groundwater quality
and the contaminants in groundwater should attenuate with respect to distance, a series of water wells in a certain area,
each having different distance from the creek, were examined using four pollution parameters. It is concluded that Ankara
Creek barely influences the aquifer systems in connection. This is attributed to two reasons: rapid attenuation of contaminants
due to dilution in groundwater and a blanket of very fine sized materials covering the bottom of Ankara Creek.
Received: 28. April 1997 · Accepted: 23. February 1998 相似文献
18.
19.
Mohamed Metwaly Eslam Elawadi Sayed S. R. Moustafa Nassir Al Arifi Mohamed El Alfy EKab Al Zaharani 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(2):827-835
Groundwater contamination is one of the most significant problems in arid countries. Al-Quwiy’yia region is an example of an area where the groundwater is contaminated as a result of infiltration of waste water in low-lying areas adjacent to inhabited zones. Such contamination poses significant environmental threats for the surrounding environment and groundwater. Surface observations and spatial distribution of contamination observed in the shallow aquifer indicate that the main contamination sources were from sewage as well as from waste water dumping. However, the main source of water supply for the whole area is groundwater abstracted from the relatively shallow aquifer. Therefore, the transient electromagnetic method (TEM) and 2D electrical resistivity tomography (2D ERT) have been applied close to the waste water dump site to characterize the response of pollution plumes. Both of these geoelectrical techniques are sensitive to electrical conductivity as well as to other physical properties, which are greatly influenced by the polluted groundwater. Therefore, it is possible to profile the contamination plumes, both vertically and horizontally, in the vicinity of the measured stations. The ERT profiles gave detailed information about the lateral distribution of the contaminated groundwater, whereas the TEM demonstrated the vertical extensions. 相似文献
20.
M. R. Al-Agha 《Environmental Geology》1995,25(2):109-113
Environmental problems of groundwater contamination in the Gaza Strip are summarized in this paper. The Gaza Strip is a very narrow and highly populated area along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea (360 km2). Human activities greatly threaten the groundwater resources in the area, while the unconfined nature of some parts of the coastal main aquifer favors groundwater contamination. Recent investigations show contamination of the aquifer with organic substances from detergents, agrochemicals, sewage (cesspools), and waste degradation. These effects enhance each other because there is no recycling industry, sewage system, or any type of environmental protection management at present. Inorganic contamination results from overpumping, which increases the salinity of the groundwater. Seawater intrusion also increases the salinity of the groundwater that are used for drinking and agricultural purposes. Consequently, at present about 80 percent of the groundwater in the Gaza Strip is unfit for both human and animal consumption. Solutions are very urgently needed for these problems in order to prevent the spread of dangerous diseases. 相似文献