共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 107 毫秒
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华北克拉通破坏动力机制研究导致了全球动力系统及“板块动力模型”研究.板块运动最有可能的动力是地幔物质流动,但由于地幔物质流动的成因至今尚未查明,所以板块构造学说研究仍处于“运动模型”阶段,而没有进入“动力模型”阶段.如果地幔密度异常是驱动地幔物质流动的成因,那么就有可能基于重力学方法以“板块动力模型”的形式建立地幔密度异常驱动模式;软流圈中可能存在着动力特性不同的区块,地幔密度正异常代表物质盈余、区块内的物质要向区块外移动,地幔密度负异常代表物质亏损、区块外的物质要向区块内移动.本项目采用重力和地震资料相结合研究地球的整体分层,根据重力大地水准面联合地震波速度结构反演求解地幔密度异常,再根据地球正常密度假说和板块运动重力学机制的观点并与现有“板块运动模型”相结合,分析地幔密度异常动力区块,初步建立“基于重力学机制的板块动力模型”;为最终建立多学科机制的“全球板块动力模型”,迈出重要一步. 相似文献
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随着资料的积累，不断发现与板块假说相矛盾的事实：地震层析没有发现地幔对流的证据，却发现大陆克拉通具有４００ｋｍ深的“壳根”；海洋地质调查发现一系列否定板块假说的重要证据，尤其是大西洋中多处发现古岩石；使海底扩张模型受到严重挑战；跨越扩张脊的一系列测量结果实际实际上否定了扩张假说。 相似文献
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地震迁移有两种类型,一种是沿构造带迁移,另一种是短时间、长距离、直线式的震中迁移,其迁移路线能跨越不同的构造单元。这后一种迁移类型,其迁移方向与构造压力方向呈45°夹角。按照立交模式的观点,它反映了下岩石圈中剪切蠕滑断层的运动。本文利用上述观点和地震迁移资料对与中国大陆相邻板块运动方向进行了确定,得到太平洋板块、印度板块和欧亚板块分别向西、向北和向南南西方向运动。研究结果还表明,我国最近一次大震高潮期和低潮期板块运动方向是稳定的。此外,本文还讨论了由地球自转引起的纬向和经向地震迁移。 相似文献
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采用新编《系列世界地图》绘制出一套四种全球板块分布图，具体分为，“东半球版”、“西半球版”、“北半球版”和“南半球版”.其中，“东半球版”和“西半球版”为“经线全球板块分布图”，适用于反映东、西半球的板块构造分布；“南半球版”和“北半球版”为“纬线全球板块分布图”，适用于反映南、北半球的板块构造分布.基于《系列世界地图》的全球板块分布图以东、西、南、北四种视角，从经度、纬度两种方向，将全球板块构造以多元化的形式地表达出来，为深入研究板块相互作用和运动机制，提供一种新的图形工具. 相似文献
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介绍建立大地构造内波假说的根据，即：（１）全球海陆分布的低阶段谐特征；（２）球大洋中脊体系的存在；（３）大陆永存及生长的事实；（４）地壳均衡及莫霍面的变化分界面性质；（５）地槽活动的现象，规律等，在分析以在事实的基础上研究了大地构造运动中主要的物质运动过程，认为从薄地壳底部向厚地壳底部迁移的地壳物质流，引起地壳厚度的自激波动，推动地槽运动和大陆生长。 相似文献
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青藏高原是当今地球上海拔最高、规模最大、时代最为年青的地域.在太平洋板块、印度板块与欧亚板块三大板块错综复杂的远程和近程俯冲、消减、碰撞、挤压与多元力系作用下,使青藏高原成为一盘破碎块体的镶嵌.两个大陆板块的陆 陆碰撞,于55-50 Ma首先在西部弧顶强力碰撞和持续的挤压,东部弧顶相续相衔,最后两板块相连,导致了喜马拉雅弧形山系的形成与崛起.地壳以平均约50mm·a^-1的速率向北推进,使地壳缩短约2000~2500km,增厚达70±5km. 相似文献
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利用近年来中外几个研究单位在青藏高原的GPS观测结果，根据印度板块向欧亚大陆 俯冲模型，采用二层弹性自重半空间内断层运动的位错模型，对印度板块向欧亚大陆俯冲的 速率进行了反演，给出了在大地测量观测结果约束下的现今印度板块向欧亚大陆俯冲的速率 . 反演结果表明，现今印度板块约以8.1°的倾角、21.8 mm/a的速率向欧亚大陆俯冲. 本文 结果与从地质推断的在过去2～３Ma时期内，印度板块向欧亚大陆俯冲速率平均为18mm/a,有 较好的一致性,表明在较长时间内，印度板块向欧亚大陆俯冲的速率仍然是稳定的. 相似文献
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In this paper, the definition of latitudinal density and density flattening of the level ellipsoid is given, and integral
formulas of latitudinal density for pole gravity and equator gravity are derived. According to the pole gravity condition
and equator gravity condition for the level ellipsoid, latitudinal density distribution function of the level ellipsoid is
obtained. It is proved mathematically that latitudinal density of the earth’s equator is larger than that of the pole, the
earth’s density flattening calculated preliminarily is 1/322, and hypothesis of the earth’s latitudinal normal density is
further proposed, so that theoretical preparation for studying the forming cause of the earth gravity in problems such as
continent drift, mantle convection, and submarine extension is made well. 相似文献
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ＳｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃａｌｔｅｓｔｓｏｆｒｅｃｅｎｔｐｌａｔｅｔｅｃｔｏｎｉｃｕｎｉｔｓｂｙｕｓｉｎｇｇｅｏｄｅｔｉｃｄａｔａＺＨＩＰＩＮＧＬＵ１）（吕志平）ＸＩＡＮＢＩＮＧＷＵ２）（吴显兵）ＣＨＡＯＺＨＡＮＧ１）（张超）１）ＺｈｅｎｇｚｈｏｕＩｎ... 相似文献
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Hydraulic modelling of a riffle-pool-riffle sequence in a straight reach of Dry Creek near Winters, California, indicates that while at low flow the mean (section average) velocity at riffles exceeds that of an adjacent pool, during high flow the mean velocity of the pool exceeds that of adjacent riffles. This supports the velocity-reversal hypothesis which is based on limited field measurements of near-bed flow velocity. A velocity reversal does not occur at the same discharge in both riffle-pool sequences modelled, and a more detailed explanation is necessary to account for complex aspects of channel form and process in riffle-pool sequences. Nevertheless, the velocity-reversal hypothesis helps to explain many of the observations and processes that operate in the riffle-pool environment. 相似文献
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Introduction Earthquake is a kind of severe natural disaster. In order to predict earthquake effectively, thegeoscientists at home and abroad have carried out a great deal of studies on seismicity. For exam-ple,Willis, (1924) and Tocher (1959) made some early investigations on seismicity before largeearthquake. Chinese geoscientists performed even more studies in this field (CHEN, et al, 1981;HUANG, FENG, 1981; LIU, 1982; LU, 1985; LU, et al, 2001; MA, et al, 1982; MEI, 1960; … 相似文献
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Yu Huai-zhong Yin Xiang-chu Xia Meng-fen Xu Zhao-yong Li Min Liang Nai-gang Peng Ke-yin Victor Kukshenko Wu Zhi-shen Li Qi Surguei Elizarov 《地震学报(英文版)》2004,17(1):129-137
According to the critical point hypothesis (CPH), energy release would accelerate in power law before occurrence of large
earthquakes or failure of brittle materials. In the paper, CPH was studied by acoustic emission experiments of large-scale
rock samples. Three kinds of rock samples were used in the experiments. The tri-axial loading condition was applied under
different loading histories. The released elastic energy (Acoustic emission) was recorded with acoustic emission technique
as microcracks emerged and developed inside the rock samples. The experimental results gave a further verification on the
CPH. The elastic energy release of rock samples would accelerate before the failure even under different experimental conditions.
Primary studies were also made on medium-term earthquake prediction by using accelerating energy release (AER) in the paper.
Foundation item: Project of Natural Sciences Foundation of China (10232050), Project of State Key Basic Research (2002CB412706) and Project
of Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2002CB412706). 相似文献
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Slip partitioning along major convergent plate boundaries 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Along plate boundaries characterized by oblique convergence, earthquake slip vectors are commonly rotated toward the normal of the trench with respect to predicted plate motion vectors. Consequently, relative plate motion along such convergent margins must be partitioned between displacements along the thrust plate interface and deformation within the forearc and back-arc regions. The deformation behind the trench may take the form of strike-slip motion, back-arc extension, or some combination of both. We observe from our analysis of the Harvard Moment Tensor Catalog that convergent arcs characterized by back-arc spreading, specifically the Marianas and New Hebrides, are characterized by a large degree of slip partitioning. However, the observed rates, directions, and location of back-arc spreading are not sufficient to account for degree of partitioning observed along the respective arcs, implying that the oblique component of subduction is also accommodated in part by shearing of the overriding plate. In the case of the Sumatran arc, where partitioning is accommodated by strike-slip faulting in the overriding plate, the degree of partitioning is similar to that observed along the Marianas, but the result is viewed with caution because it is based on a predicted plate motion vector that is based on locally derived earthquake slip vectors. In the case of the Alaskan-Aleutian arc, where back-arc spreading is also absent, the degree of partitioning is less and rotation of slip vectors toward the trench normal appears to increase linearly as a function of the obliquity of convergence. If partitioning in the Alaskan-Aleutian arc is accommodated by strike-slip faulting within the upper plate, the positive relationship between obliquity of convergence and the rotation of earthquake slip vectors to the trench normal may reflect that either (1) the ratio of the depth extent of strike-slip faults behind the trenchZ
s
to the subduction thrustZ
t
increases westward along the arc, (2) the dip of the subduction thrust increases westward along the arc, or (3) the strength of the subduction thrust decreases westward along the arc. 相似文献
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Angular velocities of Nubia and Somalia from continuous GPS data: implications on present-day relative kinematics 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
R.M.S Fernandes B.A.C Ambrosius L Bastos J.M Miranda 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2004,222(1):197-208
This study focuses on the break-up of the African tectonic plate into separate Nubian and Somalian blocks, based on recent Global Positioning System (GPS) data. A new, unique velocity field has been obtained by processing all available observations of permanent GPS stations on Africa since 1996. The quantity and distribution of the stations and the length of the time-series of observations exceed that of previous studies by a considerable margin, allowing one to derive a reliable estimate of the differential motion between the Nubia and Somalian plates, which are considered as a single (African) block in the prevailing global tectonic plate models. The estimated relative pole of rotation of Somalia with respect to Nubia is located at 54.8°S; 37.0°E with magnitude −0.069°/Ma, implying distinct opening in the Ethiopian Rift of magnitude ≈7 mm/year and azimuth ≈N94°E, whereas in southeastern South Africa this value is reduced to ≈2 mm/year in almost the same direction. This is in accordance with some of the independent geological and geophysical tectonic models of the Nubia-Somalia plate boundary region. However, the spatial density of the current tracking network is still not optimal to establish the exact location of the entire Somalia-Nubia plate boundary; in particular, the possible branch east of Lake Victoria and heading towards the Mozambique Channel is impossible to confirm or reject at this moment. 相似文献
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采用大型通用有限元程序,对低硬度大直径橡胶隔震支座在竖向荷载作用下的基本性能进行了精细有限元分析。分析了在竖向荷载作用下支座上下封板、内部钢板的各种应力分布,以及支座顶部是否施加竖向同位移约束、支座孔径比、橡胶材料G值、内部单层橡胶厚度与内部单层钢板厚度之比对支座内钢板受力的影响。结果表明,内部钢板最大Mises应力、最大径向水平正应力约为支座竖向压力的4倍、2.5倍;支座顶部是否施加竖向同位移约束对支座用钢板内力影响较大,特别是支座上封板;橡胶G值的变化对内部钢板受力基本没影响;支座孔径比对靠近孔边缘部分内部钢板应力不均匀性分布影响较大;内部单层橡胶厚度与内部单层钢板厚度的比值对内部钢板的Mises应力、径向正应力、环向正应力影响较大,但对其竖向正应力基本没影响。 相似文献
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AbstractThe actual evapotranspiration and runoff trends of five major basins in China from 1956 to 2000 are investigated by combining the Budyko hypothesis and a stochastic soil moisture model. Based on the equations of Choudhury and Porporato, the actual evapotranspiration trends and the runoff trends are attributed to changes in precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, rainfall depth and water storage capacity which depends on the soil water holding capacity and the root depth. It was found that the rainfall depth increased significantly in China during the past 50 years, especially in southern basins. Contributions from changes in the water storage capacity were significant in basins where land surface characteristics have changed substantially due to human activities. It was also observed that the actual evapotranspiration trends are more sensitive to precipitation trends in water-limited basins, but more sensitive to potential evapotranspiration trends in energy-limited basins.
Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor A. Porporato 相似文献