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1.
GTP模型中四面体的引入及其空间模型扩展   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4  
该文从空间拓扑概念出发,分析了基于广义三棱柱(GTP)模型建立空间实体间拓扑关系时的不足。针对GTP进行平面剖切时存在的缺陷,讨论了在GTP模型中加入新的几何元素——四面体作为辅助元素的必要性,并将空间实体的描述分为几何元素和实体元素两类。在此基础上,对原有GTP模型进行了改进,建立了几何元素和实体元素之间的拓扑关系。并有效地解决了空间实体的3D平面剖切问题。  相似文献   

2.
基于全球剖分模型的空间信息编码模型初探   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
为解决由于不同GIS数据模型中同一空间实体的编码不惟一而导致数据共享困难及标识的静态性和无空间位置等问题,鉴于全球剖分模型的全球连续性、多层次性以及剖分面片地址码的全球惟一性,该文提出了基于全球剖分模型的全球空间信息剖分编码(GeoDNA)模型,并设计了该编码模型的系统架构,试图实现全球空间信息的全息表达。通过对遥感影像中的空间实体进行编码试验,表明全球空间信息剖分编码模型将大大增强空间信息的维护与共享能力,加快信息的查询与检索速度,在区域性的应急反应上具有很强的理论和实用价值。  相似文献   

3.
球面菱形网格递归剖分方法研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
提出一种结合经纬线并且用正多面体逐级递归的思想对球面直接剖分的方法,该方法无需内接多面体和投影,剖分单元采用近似菱形,可以实现球面任意分辨率的无缝、无重叠剖分.每个剖分单元的顶点和中心点对应的地理坐标都容易求得,从而使剖分单元的编码与地理坐标之间的转换相对简单.  相似文献   

4.
三维地质体模型可直观展示地质构造的空间发育形态,而地质构造的内部特征及构造间的复杂空间关系需通过连续的组合剖切和开挖分析进行揭露,并依赖于高效的基础剖切算法与剖切过程中模型数据的动态管理。该文针对以三角面片为基本数据结构的三维地质体模型,提出一种支持水平面剖切、竖直剖切、空间任意平面剖切等多种基本剖切类型组合的连续剖切分析方法。该方法通过引入动态四叉树索引,可快速定位剖切影响域三角面片,并依据交线位置关系快速生成剖面的轮廓多边形集合,进而经过多边形三角剖分形成地质剖面图;在连续多次剖切时,通过实时更新四叉树索引和剖切单元属性值,优化了组合剖切效率。实验结果表明,该方法可显著提高剖切计算速度,满足栅栏剖切、连续圆弧剖切、台阶剖切和开挖分析等复杂组合剖切与连续剖切分析功能。  相似文献   

5.
针对现有剖分模型的不足,提出了一种基于地图方里网的全球剖分系统,有效避免了传统经纬度格网模型在高纬度地区的形状退化和正多面体格网模型的面片形状不规则问题。制定了相应的编码,实现了面片编码与传统地理坐标之间的转换和邻接关系的计算,最后对方里网在地球椭球面上的变形规律进行了研究。研究结果表明:基于地图方里网的剖分系统不仅具有科学的数据组织形式,而且面片单元的变形面积小、变形规律稳定。  相似文献   

6.
现有模型对影像数据中的地理对象进行多尺度表达很困难,鉴于全球剖分模型在对地理对象表达时所具备的全球唯一性、层次性、多尺度性、编码具有地学含义等特点,提出了面向地理对象多尺度表达的剖分编码方法,目的是对地理对象赋予统一的剖分编码,使编码具有地学含义和多尺度特性.实验证明,面向地理对象多尺度表达的剖分编码方法可以满足地理对象多尺度剖分化表达的需要,为新一代GIS解决地理信息"尺度鸿沟"问题,向用户提供"连续"、"自适应"的表达尺度奠定了基础.  相似文献   

7.
遥感影像剖分金字塔研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
分析了全球剖分格网与影像金字塔的优点与不足,结合两者的优势提出了剖分影像金字塔模型及建塔策略,利用全球剖分格网面片编码的唯一性和Hilbert曲线空间连续性对影像块进行索引与组织。针对基于影像块组织的特点,提出了剖分影像金字塔局部更新的方案。实验结果表明,剖分影像金字塔不仅具有传统影像金字塔在快速浏览上的优势,并且由于其编码和索引的优势,使得在局部影像提取和更新方面效率更高,有一定的使用价值。  相似文献   

8.
针对目前遥感数据组织以时间为基准、同一区域不同部门遥感数据标识不统一的现状,鉴于全球剖分网格具有多层次、全球覆盖、网格单元编码全球唯一性和对传统地图图幅的继承性等特点,介绍了基于地图分幅拓展的全球剖分模型EMD,提出以EMD剖分面片为单元、采用剖分面片编码标识并管理遥感数据及其相关资源的数据组织框架.试验分析表明,基于EMD的遥感影像数据组织可行,且基于剖分面片编码的数据检索具有较高效率.  相似文献   

9.
全球空间数据剖分模型分析   总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3  
随着数字地球发展,全球空间信息多尺度表达和管理使得传统平面格网系统的局限性越来越明显,建立全球数据多尺度剖分模型已成为国内外学者关注的热点。该文介绍并分析全球剖分系统,根据剖分单元的形状和最终投影曲面的性质对球面剖分系统进行分类。总结出球面剖分系统具有连续性、稳定性、层次性和近似均匀性等优点,既有效避免了传统平面格网表达全球数据时存在的数据冗余问题,又克服了不规则球面剖分系统无法进行层次关联的缺陷,在管理全球、多层次和海量的空间数据时具有优势。  相似文献   

10.
基于GTP的地下工程与围岩一体化真三维空间构模   总被引:10,自引:5,他引:10  
针对地下工程开挖体的基本特征及其真三维建模要求,在广义三棱柱(GTP)模型的基础上进行扩展,提出采用E—GTP模型来构建地下工程开挖体的真三维模型。通过与其围岩地质体的G—GTP模型的耦合,实现了基于GTP的工程开挖体与围岩地质体的一体化建模。该模型将地下三维空间实体抽象为点、线、面、体四类对象,通过结点、TIN边、侧边、TIN面、侧面和GTP体元共6个基本几何元素进行统一表达。该文重点讨论了E—GTP的建模原理与方法,并介绍了基于面向对象思想的一体化空间数据结构。  相似文献   

11.
A conservative staggered-grid finite difference method is presented for computing the electromagnetic induction response of an arbitrary heterogeneous conducting sphere by external current excitation. This method is appropriate as the forward solution for the problem of determining the electrical conductivity of the Earth's deep interior. This solution in spherical geometry is derived from that originally presented by Mackie et al. (1994 ) for Cartesian geometry. The difference equations that we solve are second order in the magnetic field H , and are derived from the integral form of Maxwell's equations on a staggered grid in spherical coordinates. The resulting matrix system of equations is sparse, symmetric, real everywhere except along the diagonal and ill-conditioned. The system is solved using the minimum residual conjugate gradient method with preconditioning by incomplete Cholesky decomposition of the diagonal sub-blocks of the coefficient matrix. In order to ensure there is zero H divergence in the solution, corrections are made to the H field every few iterations. In order to validate the code, we compare our results against an integral equation solution for an azimuthally symmetric, buried thin spherical shell model ( Kuvshinov & Pankratov 1994 ), and against a quasi-analytic solution for an azimuthally asymmetric configuration of eccentrically nested spheres ( Martinec 1998 ).  相似文献   

12.
空间编码是GIS与全球空间数据组织与共享的重要基础。针对QuaPA编码方法进行三维与全球空间编码时存在数据冗余和象限二义性问题,采用双Morton编码和象限标识后置方式进行改进,提出QuaPA 方法。介绍QuaPA 编码步骤及其反演原理,并以中国及邻区地表及地下10 km2、0 km以浅的三维球壳空间网格划分为例,分别进行了球壳网格的QuaPA和QuaPA 编码实验。实验表明,QuaPA 编码解决了象限二义性问题,缩短了编码长度,节省了存储空间。  相似文献   

13.
国家自然地图数据库信息分类与编码体系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
朱澈 《地理科学进展》2001,20(Z1):52-62
本文着重研究利用《中华人民共和国国家自然地图集》,作为主要的信息来源,建立“国家自然地图数据库的信息分类与编码体系,分类原则和子分类体系。在此基础上完成了编码方案、分类原则、编码标准和专题编码的结构,同时描述了建立“国家自然地图数据库”的技术路线、地理数据组织、元数据库及数据字典等。  相似文献   

14.
对地理信息分类编码的认识与思考   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
面向GIS的地理信息分类编码是在概念水平上解决空间信息分层组织与属性数据库结构设计的重要方法。该文从地理实体、地理数据与地理信息概念角度 ,探讨地理信息分类编码对象的本质特征 ;简要分析大多数商品化GIS软件中属性数据的表达方式 ,指出地理信息分类编码实质上是从GIS数据组织的概念层次上对属性信息的分类分级 ;提出地理信息分类粒度概念 ,并建立地理信息分类模型 ,列举了在不同视图下的粗粒地理信息分类方案和代码用途 ;提出并讨论地理信息分类编码尚待进一步研究的问题 ,以及国内长期以来难以形成地理信息分类标准的原因。  相似文献   

15.
To support Earth system modeling, we propose a discrete global grid system that expresses multi-resolution spatial data. Specifically, a unified coding model that expresses a grid of nodes, edges, and cells is constructed for a triangular discrete global grid system. To fulfill the requirements of practical applications, we design a code-based topological query method for this grid system and an algorithm to transform between grid codes and geographic coordinates. We evaluate the Global Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (Global-FVCOM) on the triangular discrete global grid system in the proposed uniform coding model. The ocean tidal waves simulated by the Global-FVCOM running on the coded grid are then compared with results obtained using a traditional irregular spherical grid system, and the results display comparable accuracy. The uniform coding model proposed in this paper provides a triangular discrete global grid system that can represent multi-resolution spatial data and can be used in Earth system models. This unified coding model can also be applied to the geographic coordinate system made up of latitudes and longitudes, as well as diamond and hexagonal grids.  相似文献   

16.
Automatic differentiation (AD) is the technique whereby output variables of a computer code evaluating any complicated function (e.g. the solution to a differential equation) can be differentiated with respect to the input variables. Often AD tools take the form of source to source translators and produce computer code without the need for deriving and hand coding of explicit mathematical formulae by the user. The power of AD lies in the fact that it combines the generality of finite difference techniques and the accuracy and efficiency of analytical derivatives, while at the same time eliminating 'human' coding errors. It also provides the possibility of accurate, efficient derivative calculation from complex 'forward' codes where no analytical derivatives are possible and finite difference techniques are too cumbersome. AD is already having a major impact in areas such as optimization, meteorology and oceanography. Similarly it has considerable potential for use in non-linear inverse problems in geophysics where linearization is desirable, or for sensitivity analysis of large numerical simulation codes, for example, wave propagation and geodynamic modelling. At present, however, AD tools appear to be little used in the geosciences. Here we report on experiments using a state of the art AD tool to perform source to source code translation in a range of geoscience problems. These include calculating derivatives for Gibbs free energy minimization, seismic receiver function inversion, and seismic ray tracing. Issues of accuracy and efficiency are discussed.  相似文献   

17.
Summary. We have analysed a thirty-six day recording of the natural electric and magnetic field variations obtained on the deep ocean floor north-east of Hawaii. The electromagnetic fields are dominated by tides which have an appreciable oceanic component, especially in the east electric and north magnetic components. The techniques of data analysis included singular value decomposition (SVD) to remove uncorrelated noise. There are three degrees of freedom in the data set for periods longer than five hours, indicating a correlation of the vertical magnetic field and the horizontal components, suggesting source field inhomogeneity. Tensor response functions were calculated using spectral band averaging with both SVD and least squares techniques and rotated to the principal direction. One diagonal component, determined mainly by the north electric and east magnetic fields, is not interpretable as a one-dimensional induction phenomenon. The other diagonal term of the response function indicates a rapid rise in conductivity to 0.05 mho m−1 near 160 km. No decrease in conductivity below this depth is resolvable. Polarization analysis of the magnetic field indicates moving source fields with a wavelength near 5000 km. Model studies suggest that the two dimensionality in the response function may be caused by motion in the ionospheric current system.  相似文献   

18.
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