共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
对上海某地老厂区土壤和地下水采样、检测,表明土壤重金属元素Cd、As,Pb的含量符合国家《土壤环境质量标准（GB15618-1995）》的一级标准要求,Hg、V、Cu的含量明显受到了污染,Mg、Cd、As、Zn、Pb、Be等金属元素含量水平与本地区的土壤环境背景水平相吻合;地下水中pH、NO3^-,-N,Zn属《地下水质量标准》（GBl4848-93）Ⅰ类,Cl^-和NH3^＋-N属V类,地下水对混凝土无腐蚀性,对钢筋有弱腐蚀性。 相似文献
2.
3.
某油田地下水污染特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
某油田由于开采时间较长,石油的开采活动对地下水产生了影响.为了弄清对地下水的影响程度,对该区地下水进行了分层采样,并检测样品中的常规项目以及石油类,同时对其浓度进行了详细分析.研究以本区外围地下水作为背景值以及地下水的三类标准作为判断标准对地下水进行评价,得出本区地下水2/3受到了污染,其主要的污染物是石油类污染物与NH4 -N、NO2--N.论文对地下水中主要污染物的污染程度及其在地下水中的分布规律进行了分析,并对其来源进行了探讨与分析,最后对研究区地下水的污染防止与治理提出建议和方法. 相似文献
4.
某厂电镀车间场地土壤与地下水污染特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择某厂电镀车间作为研究区域,采集土壤、地下水、底泥和地表水样品,对样品的pH值、铬、锌、砷、镉、铜、镍、铅和氰化物含量进行了测试,分析了污染物在该区域内的分布特征。结果表明,研究区域土壤主要受到铬、锌、氰化物污染,43%采样点土壤中锌浓度超出土壤环境质量标准三级标准,29%采样点土壤中总铬浓度超出三级标准。55%的采样点地下水受到锌和六价铬污染。电镀车间污水排放口处土壤和地下水样品中均检测到一定浓度的氰化物。电镀车间架空区域下池塘1底泥和附近池塘3底泥及地表水已经受到铬和锌污染。区域内污水池和污泥池铬、锌浓度则严重超标。元素污染物锌、铬和氰化物分别来源于电镀液、电镀后铬酸盐钝化处理及前期采用的氰化物电镀工艺。在分析目前重金属元素污染场地修复技术基础上,建议研究区域采用植物修复技术进行治理。 相似文献
5.
在区域地下水调查的基础上,以某制革污染场地为研究对象,采集场地及其周围地下水样,对地下水中无机组分检出值进行了统计分析,识别了各组分的平面分布特征,最后对地下水盐污染机理以及各组分之间的关系进行了探讨。研究结果表明,制革厂废水排放、废弃物堆放已对地下水造成盐污染,主要污染组分为总硬度、溶解性总固体、Cl-和SO2-4;受污染的地下水环境以微酸性和还原性为特征;沿地下水流向,地下水中总硬度、溶解性总固体、Cl-、SO2-4、三氮由制革区向下游逐渐减小,基本上呈现出以皮革厂为中心的污染区,污染范围大概为0.20km2;制革污染场地地下水中硬度的升高,同时伴随着溶解性总固体、Cl-、SO2-4浓度升高,各组分之间具有明显的相关性,其主要原因是皮革区地表水污水和固体废物淋滤液入渗过程中经历阳离子交换、钙镁易溶盐溶解及难溶盐溶解等作用,导致地下水中Ca2+、Mg2+Cl-和SO2-4含量增加,最终溶解性总固体也升高;铵氮在含水介质中的迁移转化也是地下水硬度升高的一个重要因素。地下水三氮之间转化主要的途径是硝化作用,与地下水的氧化还原条件有关,氧化性相对较强的地下水中NO3-N含量高,而NH3-N和NO2-N含量相对较低。 相似文献
6.
丰水期红枫湖流域氮污染特征的变化规律研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
丰水期对汇入红枫湖的后六河、麻线河、羊昌河和桃花园河等河水中氮素的形态和含量进行测定,结果表明NO3--N是氮素的主要形态,约占TN的25%~65%;三态氮在空间分布上,从上游至下游,四条河流表现出不同的变化规律,后六河NH4+-N、NO2--N与NO3--N的变化规律基本上一致外,含量总体上逐渐增加;其它三条河流中,NH4+-N与NO3--N的含量呈现相反的变化趋势,NO2--N的变化规律则不明显。该流域整体上表现为非点源污染的特征。后六河和麻线河地下水中NO3--N的含量明显高于相应河水中的含量。该研究对亚热带小流域河水中氮磷含量及形态变化研究具有借鉴意义,对该流域的环境规划、环境管理和环境污染治理具有指导意义。 相似文献
7.
以某金矿区浅层地下水为研究对象,通过分析112件浅层地下水样的Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr~(6+)、As、Cu、Zn、CN~-等重金属元素及氰化物的含量特征,初步查明了这8种元素在地下水中的赋存规律。在此基础上,分别利用单项、综合污染指数评价方法对浅层地下水环境质量进行了重金属及氰化物污染评价。结果表明,浅层地下水中除背景元素Cr~(6+)局部区域超标外,受矿业选冶活动影响,双桥河流域中下游段局部区域Hg、Pb、CN~-等元素超标,该结论对浅层地下水资源污染防治具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
《华北地质》2014,(2)
滦河三角洲是中国北方重要经济区,人口众多,地下水是主要供水水源。在工业和生活污染物排放及农业施用化肥的影响下,地下水遭受一定程度的污染。笔者近年来在滦河三角洲地区开展了野外调查,采集了399组地下水样品,每个样品检测污染指标34项。其中包括,三氮、毒性重金属指标、挥发性有机指标、半挥发性有机指标。本文采用综合污染指数法对滦河三角洲地下水污染状况进行了评价。结果表明:滦河三角洲以工业污染为主,其次为农业污染。浅层地下水以轻微污染为主,未污染比例较低,极重污染的比例相对较高,主要受人类活动影响。深层地下水也有一定程度的污染,但比浅层地下水轻,仅少量的水样点显示轻污染、极重污染,这些样点主要呈点状零星分布。地下水污染的主要因素为"三氮",浅层地下水多受到轻微污染。 相似文献
9.
该文以河南省贾鲁河中牟段为研究区,探究贾鲁河与河岸带浅层地下水的补排关系以及河水对浅层地下水的影响。通
过野外地质调查、水文地质试验、水位监测及水质检测,分析河岸带地表水与地下水的补排关系及污染特征。结果表明,受
中牟县抽取地下水的影响,该河段周围浅层地下水位低于河水位,河流补给地下水,平均单宽补给量为2.04 m2·d-1;河水中
NH3和COD污染较为严重,地下水中“三氮”均超标,其中NO2和NH3污染严重;河水NH3-N浓度远高于地下水,接受河
流补给的地下水NH3污染严重;因硝化作用,远离河流地下水NH3-N浓度逐渐降低,而NO3-N浓度逐渐升高。 相似文献
10.
传统的地下水污染评估方法需检测多项地下水化学变量,成本较高且无法考虑水质指标区间量值的影响。为此,笔者利用可变模糊理论对地下水污染进行综合评估,在此基础上通过模糊粗糙集理论挖掘关键变量,并利用生成的最小决策规则库对样品点的污染综合指数进行预测。将该方法应用于洛阳盆地,对其有效性进行验证,计算结果表明:As、Hg、Se、I、NH3-N对研究区地下水污染分类起控制作用。通过与实测的13种化学变量所计算的地下水污染综合指数相比,测试数据中7组样品的相对误差为0.104 0～0.172 5;剩余15组样品的相对误差为0.001 5～0.093 7,基本满足地下水污染评估的要求。可变模糊集与模糊粗糙集理论能够通过较少的化学变量对污染综合指数进行预测,从而降低地下水污染评估成本,为后续的地下水污染控制与修复提供可靠的数据来源。 相似文献
11.
介绍了山东省东部地区农业生态地球化学调查、评价工作取得的一些基本成果和存在的生态地球化学问题。认为在表生作用或人类活动等因素影响下,表层土壤中Zn、Pb、Cu、Se、Cd、S、P、Hg、N、有机碳(OrgC)等元素或指标含量明显大于深层土壤;该区总体上地球化学环境质量优良,Ⅲ类和劣Ⅲ类土壤仅占全区总面积的0.13%,主要分布在矿集区和城镇周边,超标元素为Cd、Cr、Ni、Hg。浅层地下水大部分元素或指标处于自然低背景含量水平,部分水样的总硬度、溶解性总固体、NO2-、F-含量超标,已不适合饮用。该区存在的生态地球化学问题是:山地丘陵区土壤pH值低;沿海地带土地贫瘠;局部表层土壤重金属明显富集,已对农作物安全产生影响。认为人类活动(采金污染、城市化、工业化发展等)和自然地质背景作用是引起该研究区局部土壤重金属富集的重要原因。 相似文献
12.
S. S. R. M. D. H. R. Wijesekara Sonia S. Mayakaduwa A. R. Siriwardana Nalin de Silva B. F. A. Basnayake Ken Kawamoto Meththika Vithanage 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(5):1707-1719
This study focuses on the characterization of leachate generated from Gohagoda dumpsite in Kandy, Sri Lanka, assessment of its spatial and temporal variations, and identification of subsurface canals and perched water bodies in the wetland system affected by the leachate flow. Leachate samples were collected monthly throughout dry and rainy seasons from different points of the leachate drainage channel over a period of 1 year and they were tested for quality parameters: pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved soils, alkalinity, hardness, total solids, volatile solids, total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, phosphates, ammonium-nitrogen, chloride, dissolved organic carbon, total organic carbon and heavy metals. Sequential soil extraction procedures were performed for the characterization of leachate-affected local soil. A geophysical survey using direct current resistivity technique was conducted at locations downstream of the dumpsite. Leachate characteristics indicated that the leachate is in the methanogenic phase and the results strongly suggest that the leachate may be polluting the river where the leachate is discharged directly. Leachate exceeds the allowable limits of Sri Lankan wastewater discharge standards for many of the parameters. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed for most of organic and inorganic parameters among all sampling locations. Many parameters showed a negative correlation with pH. The affected soils showed high heavy metal concentrations. Resistivity study confirmed a confined leachate flow at the near surface with few subsurface canals. However, no separate subsurface plume movement was observed. The results of this research can effectively be used for the establishment of an efficient and effective treatment method for the Gohagoda landfill leachate. 相似文献
13.
H. Ullah N. U. Khan F. Ali A. Khan I. Zeb M. J. Khan 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(12):2519-2530
Characterization of content and source of heavy metals in soils are necessary to establish quality standards on a regional level. In relation to this, two zones, (sampling zone-1) and (sampling zone-2) depending on nature and intensity of wastewater disposal along the peri-urban area of Peshawar, Pakistan were selected. Thirty-six samples of wastewater and topsoil each were collected to determine the content of Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe and Mn, and physico-chemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, and organic matter. Analytical determinations were performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy after microwave sample digestion in acid solution. Chemometric techniques which include hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and tukey test were applied. Concentrations of physico-chemical properties in wastewater and soil were higher in sampling zone-2. Concentrations of six heavy metals in wastewater and two in soil exceeded permissible limits of World Health Organization (Guidelines for drinking water quality, 4th edition, 2011), European Union (Heavy metals in wastes, European commission on environment. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/studies/pdf/heavymetalsreport, 2002). Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped eight heavy metals into two clusters for wastewater and five clusters for soils. Principal component analysis describes four factors possessing Eigenvalues greater than 1.0 and explained the cumulative total variance of 84% with factor 1, having positive loading of anthropogenic metals (Cd, Cu, and Ni). Significant correlation was found between anthropogenic metals like Ni and Cd in water and between Cu and Cr in soil. Further research in other agricultural lands in peri-urban region would improve the basis for proposing such soil quality standards. 相似文献
14.
Manish Kumar Kalpana Kumari AL. Ramanathan Rajinder Saxena 《Environmental Geology》2007,53(3):553-574
Punjab is the most cultivated state in India with the highest consumption of fertilizers. Patiala and Muktsar districts are
two agricultural dominated districts of Punjab located in extreme south-east and south-west of the state. This paper highlights
temporal variations of the groundwater quality and compares its suitability for irrigation and drinking purpose in these two
districts. Water samples were collected in March and September 2003, representing the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons,
respectively. Water samples were analysed for almost all major cations, anions, dissolved heavy metals and turbidity. Parameters
like sodium adsorption ratio, % sodium, residual sodium carbonate, total hardness, potential salinity, Kelley’s ratio, magnesium
ratio, index of base exchange and permeability index were calculated on the basis of chemical data. A questionnaire was also
used to investigate perception of villagers on taste and odour. Comparison of the concentration of the chemical constituents
with WHO (world health organization) drinking water standards of 2004 and various classifications show that present status
of groundwater in Patiala is better for irrigation and drinking purposes except for a few locations with a caution that it
may deteriorate in near future. In Muktsar, groundwater is not suitable for drinking. Higher total hardness (TH) and total
dissolved solids at numerous places indicate the unsuitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. Results obtained
in this forms baseline data for the utility of groundwater. In terms of monsoon impact, Patiala groundwater shows dilution
and flushing but Muktsar samples show excessive leaching of different chemical components into the groundwater leading to
the enrichment of different anions and cations indicating pollution from extraneous sources. No clear correlation between
the quality parameters studied here and perceived quality in terms of satisfactory taste response were obtained at electrical
conductivity values higher than the threshold minimum acceptable value. 相似文献
15.
16.
以山东省东部地区农业生态地球化学调查中浅层地下水数据为基础,对分析测试的29项指标的地球化学特征进行了研究。调查区浅层地下水中,Mo、Pb、Mn、Fe、Cl-、NO2-、总硬度等含量变化较大,导致局部水质变差;其他指标含量变化较小,在浅层地下水中分布均匀。参照我国地下水质量标准和生活饮用水质量标准,对本区浅层地下水进行了单因子与综合环境质量评价,该区不可直接饮用的浅层地下水占44.88%,综合环境质量较差;地下水污染多发生在主要城市、工矿企业及其周边地区;单指标水污染呈点(源)状、线状分布,主要超标指标为总硬度、溶解性总固体、高锰酸钾指数、NO2-、Cl-、F-、Mn、Fe。重点探讨了高密北部高氟浅层地下水形成的原因,为区内高氟水治理及地氟病防治提供了依据。 相似文献
17.
18.
The groundwater in Wadi Queh exists in two main hydrogeological units; fractured Precambrian basement and sedimentary rocks with high contribution for groundwater recharge. To study the impacts of phosphate mining activities on the groundwater quality in the area, three groundwater samples that represent all water wells in the area were collected and analysed for major ions and some heavy metals. In addition, three bulk samples representing the phosphatic sediments collected from upstream and downstream of the drainage basin were collected and analysed to understand the source of groundwater contamination. The total concentrations of dissolved solids suggest that the groundwater in the area grades from fresh to brackish water (961–1,580 mg/l), and is characterized by sodium–calcium–sulphate–chloride and sodium–magnesium–sulphate–chloride chemical types. The results showed high concentrations of the heavy metals in well nos. 1 and 2 in downstream parts compared to well no. 3 in upstream part reflecting their influence by the mining activities. 相似文献
19.
Shen Zhaoli Zhang Jianli He Jiangtao Zhong Zuoshen Tang Minggao Department of Water Resources Environments China University of Geosciences Beijing China 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2000,11(3)
INTRODUCTIONZibo lies in the center of Shandong Province,China.Thetopography of Zibo is high in the south and low in the north.Zibo is characterized by hills in the east,the south and thewest,and a wide plain in the north(Fig.1) .The annual rain-fall is 5 0 0 - 70 0 mm .The coal resources are very abundant in Zibo.There areXiazhuang,Xihe and Hongshan coal mines in the researcharea.The m ining sewage,about 0 .844 2× 10 8m3/ a,accountsfor about80 % of runoff of the Xiaofu River.The X… 相似文献