共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Gomaa M. Dawod Meraj N. Mirza Khaled A. Al-Ghamdi Ramze A. Elzahrany 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(3):1139-1156
Makkah City, west of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is considered the third main highly populated metropolitan area in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It exhibits two unique features that increase the hazardous flood consequences: (1) its topography is very complex and (2) about three million Muslims are gathered annually in Makkah to perform Hajj over a 2-week period. Floods are natural returning hydrological phenomena that have been affecting human lives. The objectives of the current study are: (1) identification of land use types and road networks in Makkah, (2) hydrological modeling of flood characteristics in Makkah based on precise up-to-date databases, (3) examination of the relationship between land use, land cover changes, transportation network expansion, and the floods' prosperities and hazards, and (4) development of digital hydrological maps for present and near future flood hazards in Makkah. The attained results show that the mean runoff depth and the total flood volume are significantly increased from 2010 to 2030. Additionally, it has been found that a great part of the road network in Makkah City is subjected to high dangerous flood impacts. The overall length of flood danger-factor roads is increased from 481 km (with almost 37 %) to 1,398 km (with 74 % approximately) between 2010 and 2030. Thus, it is concluded that urbanization has a direct strong relationship with flood hazards. Consequently, it is recommended that the attained results should be taken into account by decision makers in implementing new development planning of the Makkah metropolitan area. 相似文献
2.
Assessment of several flood estimation methodologies in Makkah metropolitan area, Saudi Arabia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Estimation of floods in a hydrological basin is essential for efficient flood management and development planning. Several approaches have been proposed to estimate flood peak discharge based on topographic and morphometric characteristics of ungauged hydrological basins. Two global approaches, namely the rational and the curve number methods, along with four national regression models have been compared over Makkah metropolitan area, Saudi Arabia. The curve number methodology has been taken as the basis of comparison due to its precision and wide utilization. Results show that the rational method produces differences equal to 44% in terms of peak discharges. Moreover, the best national regression model gives difference in the order of 18% with respect to the curve number results. Other national models give results very far away from those of the curve number (up to 95%), which can be considered as measures for their awful accuracy. Hence, the curve number is recommended as an optimum methodology for flood estimation, in Makkah city, in case of availability of geological, metrological, land use, and topographic datasets. Otherwise, a specific national regression model (Al-Subai) may be utilized in a simple way. 相似文献
3.
Flash floods are among the most severe hazards which have disastrous environmental, human, and economic impacts. This study is interested in the characterization of flood hazard in Gabes Catchment (southeastern Tunisia), considered as an important step for flood management in the region. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and geographic information system are applied to delineate and characterize flood areas. A spatial database was developed based on geological map, digital elevation model, land use, and rainfall data in order to evaluate the different factors susceptible to affect flood analysis. However, the uncertainties that are associated with AHP techniques may significantly impact the results. Flood susceptibility is analyzed as a function of weights using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and Global sensitivity analysis. AHP and MC–AHP models gave similar results. However, compared to AHP approach, MC–AHP confidence intervals (95%) of the overall scores had small overlaps. Results obtained were validated by remote sensing data for the zones that showed very high flood hazard during the extreme rainfall event of June 2014 that hit the study basin. 相似文献
4.
Flash flood risk estimation along the St. Katherine road,southern Sinai,Egypt using GIS based morphometry and satellite imagery 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
Ahmed M. Youssef Biswajeet Pradhan Abdallah Mohamed Hassan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(3):611-623
Flash floods are considered to be one of the worst weather-related natural disasters. They are dangerous because they are
sudden and are highly unpredictable following brief spells of heavy rain. Several qualitative methods exist in the literature
for the estimations of the risk level of flash flood hazard within a watershed. This paper presents the utilization of remote
sensing data such as enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), coupled with geological,
geomorphological, and field data in a GIS environment for the estimation of the flash flood risk along the Feiran–Katherine
road, southern Sinai, Egypt. This road is a vital corridor for the tourists visiting here for religious purposes (St. Katherine
monastery) and is subjected to frequent flash floods, causing heavy damage to man-made features. In this paper, morphometric
analyses have been used to estimate the flash flood risk levels of sub-watersheds within the Wadi Feiran basin. First, drainage
characteristics are captured by a set of parameters relevant to the flash flood risk. Further, comparison between the effectiveness
of the sub-basins has been performed in order to understand the active ones. A detailed geomorphological map for the most
hazardous sub-basins is presented. In addition, a map identifying sensitive sections is constructed for the Feiran–Katherine
road. Finally, the most influenced factors for both flash flood hazard and critical sensitive zones have been discussed. The
results of this study can initiate appropriate measures to mitigate the probable hazards in the area. 相似文献
5.
Ahmed M. Youssef Biswajeet Pradhan Norbert H. Maerz 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(7):2591-2601
The Al-Hada highway that descends towards the west of the city of At-Taif is a major connecting highway in the western part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is one of the series of descending roads connecting the holy city of Makkah and the city of Jeddah with the city of At-Taif and the cities farther south along the escarpment. The length of the Al-Hada highways is about 22 km. The Al-Hada highway has been historically exposed to landslides and other geohazards since the day it was opened to public some 60 years ago. The road has been reconstructed and many slope instabilities have been remediated and the road has been expanded to two lanes in each direction. Heavy rainfalls occurred on the 14th of April 2012 in the province of At-Taif, causing huge debris flows in two places along the Al-Hada highway. As a result of that, these debris flows closed all four lanes of the highway for 2 weeks in order to remove the debris. The current research deals with mapping of all debris flows along Al-Hada highway and determining their volumes and their impact on the road. Finally, suitable solutions have been suggested to address these critical sites to minimize and/or avoid the debris flow hazards in the future. 相似文献
6.
为对川藏交通廊道内道路工程的选定线及安全建设和运营提供科学决策及防灾减灾依据,在对拟建川藏铁路和高速公路沿线滑坡崩塌灾害进行系统野外调查和遥感解译的基础上,查明了川藏交通廊道康定至林芝段滑坡崩塌的空间分布特征和潜在危害情况,结合已有川藏公路沿线崩滑灾害的危害特征和危害方式,对该段廊道内滑坡崩塌灾害的可能危害方式进行了深入细致地归纳、分析和总结。研究结果表明:川藏交通廊道康定至林芝段共发育滑坡崩塌灾害488处,其中滑坡262处,崩塌（含溜砂坡）226处;对拟建道路工程存在潜在危害或影响的崩滑灾害共有148处,滑坡有89处,崩塌（含溜砂坡）59处。崩塌滑坡灾害对道路工程的危害方式主要有:（1）滑坡崩塌威胁隧道及其进出口安全;（2）滑坡崩塌推移、掩埋、损毁道路工程;（3）滑坡崩塌威胁站场、车站安全;（4）滑坡崩塌堵江断道、淹没道路工程;（5）滑坡崩塌转化为泥石流、洪水等灾害链危害道路工程;（6）崩塌、溜砂坡冲击、扰动、掩埋道路工程。 相似文献
7.
针对香丽高速公路边坡地质灾害,在详细的道路工程勘察设计文件的基础上,结合现场踏勘调查,系统地研究了其边坡地质灾害的主要类型、发育特征和分布规律;提出高速公路等线性工程边坡灾害的基本地质条件、自然诱发因素、人类工程活动和灾害历史记录等完整信息评价指标。采用层次分析法、专家评分法与因素累积法相结合的研究方法,建立了线性工程边坡地质灾害易发性评价模型,并基于GIS平台完成了香丽高速公路边坡地质灾害的易发性区划。为指导香丽高速公路地质灾害的危险性评价及科学防治提供了重要依据,对类似山区道路等线性工程边坡地质灾害危险性评价研究与实践具有一定的示范作用和参考价值。 相似文献
8.
S331高兰线洛阳段地质灾害形成机制及防治对策分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
随着公路建设的不断发展,公路沿线地质灾害越来越多（尤其是在山区）,危及路上行人安全和公路的正常运营。本文通过对S331高兰线洛阳段公路建设过程中地质灾害问题详细的调查,发现崩塌地质灾害17处,滑坡地质灾害5处,不稳定边坡8处,危岩体17处,由于地质灾害的存在,常冲毁道路、耕地、房屋,危及附近居民生命财产的安全。本文分析了该公路沿线地质灾害的形成机制,并提出了相应的防治对策。 相似文献
9.
Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing are a powerful tool for the assessment of risk and management of flood hazards. By using these techniques to extract new drainage network with more details to prepare natural hazard maps which may help decision makers and planners to put suitable solutions reducing the impact of these hazards. Ras Sudr city and surrounding area had been attacked by flash floods of Wadi Sudr and Wadi Wardan which are nearly perpendicular to the eastern side of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt, and many infrastructures had destroyed. GIS techniques and remote sensing are used to find the interrelation between the morphometric parameters by using statistical correlation to determine the area under varying flood conditions. The results of morphometric parameters and the new data of last flood which occurred on 17-18th January 2010 indicate that the two basins are threatened by the risk of flash floods and Wadi Wardan is more risky than Wadi Sudr. 相似文献
10.
在浙江省地质灾害空间分布特征研究中引入了多重分形方法,基于分形理论研究地质灾害分布的影响因素。研究结果表明：浙江省地质灾害空间分布具有明显的分形特征,西北和东南地区发育较强烈;浙江省地质灾害空间分布与水系分布、降水量、地形坡度、坡高、地层岩性、道路分布及地形地貌有关,其中在降雨量为2 232～2 565 mm、坡度为25°～35°范围内、坡高为500～1 000 m范围内和侏罗系地层范围内,崩塌、滑坡、泥石流灾害发育明显,在山地地形范围内地质灾害易发生。浙江省的道路分布中,省道分布对地质灾害发育的影响比较大;浙江省钱塘江水系和瓯江水系比较复杂,且对地质灾害发育的影响比较大。研究成果进一步明确了浙江省地质灾害分布特征及主要影响因素影响规律,对灾害防治开展具有指导参考意义。 相似文献
11.
Asadullah Kazi 《Natural Hazards》2014,70(1):839-864
12.
G. Grünthal A. H. Thieken J. Schwarz K. S. Radtke A. Smolka B. Merz 《Natural Hazards》2006,38(1-2):21-44
In this paper a methodology for a multi-risk assessment of an urban area is introduced and performed for the city of Cologne,
Germany, considering the natural hazards windstorm, flooding and earthquake. Moreover, sources of the uncertainty in the analysis
and future needs for research are identified. For each peril the following analyses were undertaken: hazard assessment, vulnerability
assessment and estimation of losses. To compare the three hazard types on a consistent basis, a common economic assessment
of exposed assets was developed. This was used to calculate direct economic losses to buildings and their contents. The perils
were compared by risk curves showing the exceedence probability of the estimated losses. In Cologne, most of the losses that
occur frequently are due to floods and windstorms. For lower return periods (10–200 years) the risk is dominated by floods.
For return periods of more than 200 years the highest damage is caused by earthquakes. 相似文献
13.
地质灾害易发性评价是国土空间规划和区域地质灾害防灾减灾的重要依据。为探索适合云南高原低山丘陵区地质灾害易发性评价方法,论文选择云南省昆明市五华区为典型研究区,选择工程地质岩组、距断裂构造线距离、高程、坡度、坡向、坡面曲率、距公路线距离和土地利用类型等8个因素,应用基于贝叶斯理论的证据权法进行地质灾害易发性评价,通过对各因素各分级（分类）综合证据权重的近似学生化检验（Student-T）优化了各因素的分级（分类）方案。采用文中所构建模型评价得出的易发性分区结果表明,89.9%和9.1%的地灾点落入高和中易发区,对比分析显示建模结果与地质灾害发育情况吻合度高,较好地揭示了研究区地质灾害易发性特征,可为昆明市五华区及云南高原其它低山丘陵区地质灾害防治规划提供参考。 相似文献
14.
Frolova N. L. Kireeva M. B. Magrickiy D. V. Bologov M. B. Kopylov V. N. Hall J. Semenov V. A. Kosolapov A. E. Dorozhkin E. V. Korobkina E. A. Rets E. P. Akutina Y. Djamalov R. G. Efremova N. A. Sazonov A. A. Agafonova S. A. Belyakova P. A. 《Natural Hazards》2016,80(1):103-125
Hydrological extreme events pose an imminent risk to society and economics. In this paper, various aspects of hydrological hazards in Russia are analysed at different scales of risk assessment. It is shown that the number of hydrological and meteorological hazards in Russia has been growing every year. The frequency of economic losses associated with extreme low flow in this century has increased by factor five compared to the last decade of the previous century. With regard to floods, an interesting spatial patter can be observed. On the one hand, the number of floods in the Asian part of the country has increased, whereas on the other hand, the number and intensity of floods in estuarine areas in the European part of Russia have significantly reduced since the middle of the twentieth century, especially in the 2000s. This decrease can be attributed to runoff flooding in the mouths of regulated rivers, with an effective system of flood and ice jam protection. The analysis shows that there is an 8–12-year periodicity in the number of flood occurrences and that flood surges have intensified over the last 110 years, especially on the European territory of Russia. An integrated index that accounts for flood hazards and socio-economic vulnerability was calculated for each region of Russia. A classification of flood risk was also developed, taking into account more than 20 hydrological and social–economic characteristics. Based on these characteristics, hazard and vulnerability maps for entire Russia were generated which can be used for water management and the development of future water resources plans.
相似文献15.
Hydrological extreme events pose an imminent risk to society and economics. In this paper, various aspects of hydrological hazards in Russia are analysed at different scales of risk assessment. It is shown that the number of hydrological and meteorological hazards in Russia has been growing every year. The frequency of economic losses associated with extreme low flow in this century has increased by factor five compared to the last decade of the previous century. With regard to floods, an interesting spatial patter can be observed. On the one hand, the number of floods in the Asian part of the country has increased, whereas on the other hand, the number and intensity of floods in estuarine areas in the European part of Russia have significantly reduced since the middle of the twentieth century, especially in the 2000s. This decrease can be attributed to runoff flooding in the mouths of regulated rivers, with an effective system of flood and ice jam protection. The analysis shows that there is an 8–12-year periodicity in the number of flood occurrences and that flood surges have intensified over the last 110 years, especially on the European territory of Russia. An integrated index that accounts for flood hazards and socio-economic vulnerability was calculated for each region of Russia. A classification of flood risk was also developed, taking into account more than 20 hydrological and social–economic characteristics. Based on these characteristics, hazard and vulnerability maps for entire Russia were generated which can be used for water management and the development of future water resources plans. 相似文献
16.
三峡引水工程秦巴段主要地质灾害及其工程影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究三峡引水工程秦巴段的地表地质灾害特征及其工程影响,本文在简要分析秦巴山地区域工程地质条件和线路工程地质条件的基础上,重点分析秦巴山区典型地质灾害分布特征及其对引水工程的影响,初步揭示:(1)秦巴山区浅表层地质灾害具有类型多、成群带分布、规模大小差异明显;(2)秦巴山区地质灾害形成发展的主要影响因素是构造地貌、高陡边坡、斜坡结构和易滑地层组合,主要诱发因素为局部集中强降雨和线性工程（主要是公路）切坡及河流冲蚀作用;(3)地表地质灾害主要影响引水设施施工安全、施工便道、主要场地（水库和渡槽）等的安全,需要引起重视。 相似文献
17.
Recognition of debris flow,debris flood and flood hazard through watershed morphometrics 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Debris flows, debris floods and floods in mountainous areas are responsible for loss of life and damage to infrastructure, making it important to recognize these hazards in the early stage of planning land developments. Detailed terrain information is seldom available and basic watershed morphometrics must be used for hazard identification. An existing model uses watershed area and relief (the Melton ratio) to differentiate watersheds prone to flooding from those subject to debris flows and debris floods. However, the hazards related to debris flows and debris floods are not the same, requiring further differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that a model using watershed length combined with the Melton ratio can be used to differentiate debris-flow and debris-flood prone watersheds. This model was tested on 65 alluvial and colluvial fans in west central British Columbia, Canada, that were examined in the field. The model correctly identified 92% of the debris-flow, 83% of the debris-flood, and 88% of the flood watersheds. With adaptation for different regional conditions, the use of basic watershed morphometrics could assist land managers, scientists, and engineers with the identification of hydrogeomorphic hazards on fans elsewhere. 相似文献
18.
张业成 《地质灾害与环境保护》1999,10(1):1-13
９０年代以来,我国洪涝灾害急剧发展,破坏损失达历史最高水平,防灾抗灾空前困难,１９９８年南北特大洪水是这种特征的重要标志。造成我国洪涝灾害日益严重的主要原因是：降雨分布不均,气候异常加剧;主要江河中下游地势平缓,河道曲折,洪水泻泄不畅;水土流失和崩滑流活动剧烈,河湖淤积严重湖泊萎缩、行洪蓄洪地续下降;大江大河沿岸工程地记隐患比较严重。这些因素都与区域地壳运动和地质环境变化密切相关。 相似文献
19.
喜马拉雅山区构造断裂发育,地震活动频繁,新构造运动强烈,内外动力地质作用异常活动,使该区域公路边坡扰动灾害十分严重,对区域内公路的安全运行构成了极大的威胁。本文通过实地调研和理论分析,探讨了喜马拉雅山区高速公路边坡扰动崩滑灾害发育规律、防护措施破坏特征和破坏机理。从边坡的物质成分和地层结构类型出发,对全区公路边坡类型进行了分类,并提出了边坡失稳破坏的多种模式。通过空间统计分析发现,喜马拉雅山区公路边坡崩塌灾害的发生和分布与区域断裂、地震动强度、岩土结构类型及气候环境条件等因素密切相关,并给出了量化的变化指标。在此基础上,采用地球内外动力耦合作用的理论对喜马拉雅山区地质灾害的成因和演化机制进行了分析,认为差异隆升与河流下切导致岩体结构松弛效应及山体崩塌滑坡,是内外动力耦合作用的结果。在公路工程时间尺度上,气候变化是当前该地区最为活跃的外动力地质作用。在边坡扰动灾害防护方面,边坡灾害防护措施的稳定性、安全性等不确定性较大,调查中10%的边坡崩滑防治工程出现了不同程度的破坏。通过对防护措施破坏特征的分析,阐明了边坡灾害防护效果与防护措施自身稳定性差异性的原因,提出边坡坡面防护措施的选型与优化... 相似文献
20.
以受山洪灾害影响突出的云南文山城区为研究区,从承灾体属性特征和社会承灾能力二个方面探讨了城市山洪灾害易损性分析的方法;利用高分辨率遥感卫星影像为数据源完成城市土地覆盖类型解译,在此基础上应用GIS定量分析城市山洪灾害易损性。对承灾体属性特征定量分析结果表明,文山城区50年一遇山洪淹没范围内的承灾体中城市房屋建筑的易损性最大。对易损性要素中的社会承灾能力分析认为,由于文山城区段防洪河道行洪能力低,蓄滞洪能力弱。山洪灾害的易损性仍然较高,山洪对文山城威胁形势严峻。 相似文献