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1.
本文简要介绍该领域研究的理论基础和获得的代表性成果,以及如何运用Ｓｒ－Ｎｄ同位素演化示踪技术探讨：区域基底和含矿层的供矿能力;水－岩交换性质和沉积环境;阐明成岩、成矿时水体介入和基岩参与程度;水源、岩源特征以及同位素交换平衡条件。为研究成矿环境和溶浸条件提供依据。 相似文献
2.
辽东庄河金矿同位素地球化学特征及成矿时代 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
到目前为止,对辽宁庄河金矿尚没有做过系统的矿床地球化学和同位素年代学的研究。本文在成矿地质条件分析的基础上,对庄河金矿床的氢、氧同位素、硫同位素、铅同位素、碳同位素以及Rb-Sr同位素的组成特征进行了分析研究。氢、氧同位素组成表明成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液,并与围岩发生了同位素交换;硫同位素和碳同位素组成表明成矿物质主要来源于地壳深部;矿石和花岗斑岩脉具有非常相似的铅同位素组成,暗示该矿床的形成和物质来源与此岩浆活动有密切的成因联系;石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄为143.0±5.8Ma,表明金的成矿期为燕山期。 相似文献
3.
本文以西华山钨矿为例,介绍了用水/岩交换氢氧同位素地球化学行为特征,判定热液矿床成矿介质水的性质、来源及各种水/岩交换初始参数的确定方法;阐述了经水/岩交换后成矿热液水与其初始水之间氢氧同位素组成的差异;指出要慎重使用混合水成矿的观点来解释矿床成因. 相似文献
4.
东沟坝多金属矿床硫同位素交换动力学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文详细研究东沟坝多金属矿床的硫同位素特征，并根据同位素资料评估硫在成矿溶液中的最短停留时间和成矿机理。根据硫化物和硫酸盐在化学及同位素交换反应的过程中同样都包含有分子结构中的硫键断开和硫原子的交换，提出了化学平衡是同位素平衡的先决条件。指出在不少成矿温度低于３５０℃的热液矿床中，共沉淀的硫化物矿物和硫酸盐矿物之间的硫同位素时常没有达到平衡 相似文献
5.
庚村和黄双岭萤石矿同位素地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章详细研究庚村和黄双岭萤石矿的同位素分析结果,得出如下主要结论;成矿溶液来源于当地中生代大气降水：Ｓｒ,Ｂａ,Ｃａ来源于强蚀变的围岩;矿液中存在有ＨＦ和ＳｉＦ４;成矿过程氢,硫同位素出现交换动力学效应,庚村和黄双岭萤石矿的成矿年龄分别接近８４Ｍａ和１０７Ｍａ。 相似文献
6.
成矿热液的氢、氧同位素组成与其水的类型、水/岩交换的岩石成分和同位素组成、水/岩交换时的温度及水/岩交换程度(W/R比值大小)等诸多因素有关,微生物和有机质也对其有一定的影响。因此,仅通过简单投影的方法将成矿热液的氢、氧同位素值与一些所谓的标准值进行类比,由此就推断出热液中水的来源,这种方法是不可取的;尤其当成矿热液的氢、氧同位素值介于大气降水和岩浆水的值之间时,切忌滥用两种水混合成矿模式,因为实际情况往往并不是这样。本文以胶东乳山金矿床为例,展开了这方面的讨论。 相似文献
7.
8.
阿西金矿床流体成矿的地球化学示踪研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
依据阿西金矿床Ｈ、Ｏ同位素组成特点对成矿流体的来源进行了示踪研究,并且研究了矿床的水岩交换作用,讨论了水－岩作用与金成矿的关系。根据矿床中典型热液矿物和岩矿石的稀土元素地球化学特征对成矿流体作用过程进行了示踪研究,与同位素地球化学示踪研究取得了基本一致的结果。根据成矿流体活动踪迹建立找矿标志,是进行矿产资源预测的新思路。 相似文献
9.
10.
稳定同位素热液来源示踪的复杂性和多解性评述——以造山型金矿为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以工作程度最高的造山型金矿为例,通过对国内外大量实例的剖析、讨论和综合,认为热液矿床稳定同位素组成不仅受成矿流体源区的制约,还不同程度地依赖于成矿热液复杂的演化历程,包括流体在运移过程中与围岩的同位素交换、沉淀过程中的同位素分馏以及后期可能的改造等多种因素。硫同位素很易因水岩反应、相分离、氧化作用、多种流体混合等过程而发生同位素分馏,从而使同一矿床不同产状矿脉,甚至同一期黄铁矿的S同位素出现显著差异。碳同位素测试常用的碳酸盐矿物大多是成矿晚期热液矿物,特别是方解石,其经历了水岩反应、CH4和CO2不混溶的相分离和流体的长期演化,往往指向复杂的多来源特征。氢氧同位素易因水岩反应而偏离源区特征,也易受后期改造而显示出大气水混入等特征。金矿中含氮矿物中氮含量和氮同位素值大致与变质岩和花岗岩值范围重合,这方面的研究还需进一步完善。因此,不能简单根据测定结果直接投图判断成矿流体的可能来源,而需要综合多种方法并结合矿区地质实际情况剔除成矿过程对稳定同位素的影响后才能更好地约束造山型金矿成矿流体来源。深入研究同位素沿着流体通道的空间变化和各成矿阶段的时间演化或许不仅能够查明成矿流体的来源,而且能够揭示流体的演化轨迹和成矿过程。 相似文献
11.
矿物水体系氢同位素平衡分馏系数和动力分馏系数是同位素地球化学研究中的重要参数。这些参数大多由实验测定。氢同位素分馏的实验研究主要包括矿物水体系氢同位素交换实验,交换实验前后矿物、水的氢同位素分析及分馏机理、平衡分馏、动力分馏理论研究。为确保氢同位素分馏系数和一系列动力学参数的准确可靠,实验中防止氢透过容器壁扩散,避免空气中水汽污染样品,正确控制实验温度等都很重要。本研究以石英管代替前人常用的金（银、铂）管作反应容器,建立了一套实验研究羟基矿物水体系氢同位素平衡分馏和动力分馏的新方法,并开展了电气石水、黑柱石水体系氢同位素分馏的实验研究。所得一系列参数的精度明显好于国外报道的资料。此研究方法可广泛应用于羟基矿物水体系的氢同位素分馏的实验研究。 相似文献
12.
The extent of hydrogen and oxygen isotope exchange between clay minerals and water has been measured in the temperature range 100–350° for bomb runs of up to almost 2 years. Hydrogen isotope exchange between water and the clays was demonstrable at 100°. Exchange rates were 3–5 times greater for montmorillonite than for kaolinite or illite and this is attributed to the presence of interlayer water in the montmorillonite structure.Negligible oxygen isotope exchange occurred at these low temperatures. The great disparity in D and O18 exchange rates observed in every experiment demonstrates that hydrogen isotope exchange occurred by a mechanism of proton exchange independent of the slower process of O18 exchange.At 350° kaolinite reacted to form pyrophyllite and diaspore. This was accompanied by essentially complete D exchange but minor O18 exchange and implies that intact structural units in the pyrophyllite were inherited from the kaolinite precursor. 相似文献
13.
氧同位素质量依赖分馏线的精确确定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
氧同位素的非质量依赖分馏研究是稳定同位素地球化学领域的重要组成部分, 是太阳系星云演化、
早期大气圈演化及全球变化研究的一个无以替代的方式。近年来, 随着微小非质量依赖分馏研究（微小氧-17
异常）的兴起, 对不同同位素交换过程的质量依赖分馏线（MDFL）的位置, 提出了前所未有的要求, 这个新兴
领域的发展依赖于高精度质量依赖分馏线的存在。从质量依赖分馏线斜率λ 的定义式出发, 指出精确计算λ
值的方式, 并利用高级量子化学计算方法, 系统研究了λ 的过程及温度依赖性, 分析了拐点产生的条件。本
研究将为今后大量开展的微小非质量依赖分馏研究打下基础, 同时一些计算结果可为实验室精确检测17O及
微小17O 异常的解释所使用。 相似文献
14.
Oxygen isotope exchange rate between dissolved sulfate and water was experimentally determined at 100, 200 and 300°C. The isotope exchange rate is strongly dependent on temperature and pH of the solution. Combining the temperature and pH dependence of the reaction rate, the exchange reaction was estimated to be first-order with respect to sulfate. The logarithm of apparent rate constant of exchange reaction at a given temperature is a function of the pH calculated at the experimental temperatures. From the pH dependence of the apparent rate constant, it was deduced that the isotope exchange reaction between dissolved sulfate and water proceeds through collision between H2SO04 and H2O at low pH, and between HSO?4 and H2O at intermediate pH. The isotope exchange rate obtained indicates that oxygen isotope geothermometry utilizing the studied isotope exchange is suitable for temperature estimation of geothermal reservoirs. The extrapolated half-life of this reaction to oceanic temperature is about 109 years, implying that exchange between oceanic sulfate and water cannot control the oxygen isotope ratio of oceanic sulfates. 相似文献
15.
磷酸盐氧同位素组成的测定方法及分馏机理研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
磷酸盐氧同位素组成在古气候和磷的生物地球化学循环研究中都具有十分重要的意义.测定方法和同位素的分馏机理是该类研究的基础.国际上已开展了一系列磷酸盐氧同位素的测定方法和分馏机理研究.在测定方法上,由初期的间接法,经高温还原/裂解法到氟化法,再演化到改进后的高温还原法(包括TC/EA-IRMS法),甚至激光原位技术,样品由实验室纯化学试剂扩展到各种复杂地质样品,在测量精确度、测量速度、样品用量、安全性和技术要求方面都有巨大改进.在分馏机理上,①尽管Longinelli等建立的关系式已获得了天然样品的验证,并认为是平衡分馏,但实验室模拟结果与其还存在较大差异(即没有达到平衡分馏).②在地表温度和pH条件下,无机过程均不会造成水体中溶解态磷酸盐和水之间的氧同位素交换.在高温(>70℃)及不同pH条件下,即使没有生物作用也会造成溶解磷酸盐和水分子之间进行氧的同位素交换,但不同实验室之间结果不一致.③在生物作用存在下,溶解无机磷酸盐和水之间在地表环境会发生强烈氧同位素交换,但除了PPase外,其余均没有达到平衡值.④磷灰石的氧同位素组成要比形成它的溶解态磷酸盐的值高1‰～1.4‰,因此在把Longinelli等关系式用于溶解态磷酸盐和水体系时,需要考虑该因素.同位素平衡分馏和条件有关,认为无机条件下的高温(>70℃)实验结果不一致,以及有生物参与的培养实验结果偏离平衡值,都是实验条件不同所致,包括pH、磷酸盐浓度、生物种类、生物量等. 相似文献
16.
Gen-Tao ZhouYong-Fei Zheng 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2002,66(1):63-71
To study what dictates oxygen isotope equilibrium fractionation between inorganic carbonate and water during carbonate precipitation from aqueous solutions, a direct precipitation approach was used to synthesize witherite, and an overgrowth technique was used to synthesize aragonite. The experiments were conducted at 50 and 70°C by one- and two-step approaches, respectively, with a difference in the time of oxygen isotope exchange between dissolved carbonate and water before carbonate precipitation. The two-step approach involved sufficient time to achieve oxygen isotope equilibrium between dissolved carbonate and water, whereas the one-step approach did not. The measured witherite-water fractionations are systematically lower than the aragonite-water fractionations regardless of exchange time between dissolved carbonate and water, pointing to cation effect on oxygen isotope partitioning between the barium and calcium carbonates when precipitating them from the solutions. The two-step approach experiments provide the equilibrium fractionations between the precipitated carbonates and water, whereas the one-step experiments do not. The present experiments show that approaching equilibrium oxygen isotope fractionation between precipitated carbonate and water proceeds via the following two processes:
- 1.
- Oxygen isotope exchange between [CO3]2− and H2O: (1) 相似文献
17.
Oxygen isotope fractionation factors between calcium carbonates and water have been applied to ancient marine geochemistry
principally for the purpose of geothermometry. The problem was encountered, however, with respect to the direction and magnitude
of oxygen isotope fractionation between calcite and aragonite at thermodynamic equilibrium. This basically involves sound
understanding of both thermodynamics and kinetics of oxygen isotope fractionation between inorganically precipitated carbonate
and water at low temperatures. Thus the crucial issues are to acknowledge the processes of chemical reaction and isotopic
exchange during precipitation of CaCO3 minerals in solution, the kinetic mechanism of isotope equilibrium or disequilibrium, the effect of polymorphic transition
from metastable aragonite to stable calcite under hydrous or anhydrous conditions, and the presence or absence of isotope
salt effect on oxygen isotope exchange between carbonate and water in response to the hydrous or anhydrous conditions at thermodynamic
equilibrium. Because good agreements exist in carbonate–water oxygen isotope fractionation factors between theoretical calculations
and experimental determinations, it is encouraging to applying the thermodynamic and kinetic data to isotopic paleothermometry
and geochemical tracing. 相似文献
18.
Ding Tiping Liu Yushan Wan Defang Liu Zhijian Li Jincheng Zhang Guilan Institute of Mineral Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》1992,66(3):271-282
Experiments for oxygen isotope exchange between ferberite and water were carried out and the followingequation on oxygen isotope fractionation between ferberite and water against temperature was obtained:Combining this equation with the equation of Clayton et al. (1972) on oxygen isotope fractionation be-tween quartz and water, an equation on oxygen isotope fractionation between quartz and ferberite was ob-tained:The Bigeleison-Mayer function method was used to calculate the oxygen isotope fractionation betweenquartz and ferberite. The theoretical curve obtained agrees with the experimental calibration results quite wellin the temperature range of study.The above calibrated equation has been used in 5 world famous tungsten deposits to determine their tem-peratures of formation. The results show that the temperature range for an idividual deposit determined by thisgeothermometer agrees with those obtained from fluid inclusion determination and other isotopegeothermometers. 相似文献
19.
Experimental hydrogen isotope studies III: Diffusion of hydrogen in hydrous minerals,and stable isotope exchange in metamorphic rocks 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Colin M. Graham 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1981,76(2):216-228
Diffusion parameters for hydrogen diffusion in epidote-group minerals and micas have been measured under hydrothermal conditions, or calculated from existing experimental data, for bulk hydrogen isotope exchange experiments between hydrous minerals and water. Activation energies in the range 14 to 31 kcals/g-atom H are comparable to those derived by application of kinetic theory to experimental hydrogen isotope exchange data, and to those for oxygen diffusion in minerals under hydrothermal conditions. Diffusion of hydrogen in epidote is about four orders of magnitude faster than in muscovite, and about two orders of magnitude faster than in zoisite. Hydrogen diffusion in micas is about five orders of magnitude faster than oxygen diffusion, and hydrogen transport occurs dominantly parallel to the layers rather than parallel to the c-axis as for oxygen.Rapid hydrogen transport in minerals may proceed by hydrolysis of Si-O and Al-O bonds, followed by exchange of hydrolyzed oxygens with slower-diffusing (OH) or H2O. Water appears to be essential for stable isotope exchange between minerals in slowly cooling metamorphic rocks.Stable isotope data for regional metamorphic mineral assemblages suggests that water is usually present in small amounts during cooling of prograde regional metamorphic systems, and estimated closure temperatures for cessation of stable isotope exchange are often more comparable to those calculated from diffusion data than to likely temperatures of metamorphism.Alpine deformation of the Hercynian Monte Rose Granite (Frey et al. 1976) permitted access of water and initiated stable isotope exchange amongst coexisting minerals. The diffusional behaviour of species in relict Hercynian muscovites is consistent with available experimental diffusion data. 相似文献
20.
海洋Nd同位素演化已经成为示踪陆源风化输入和洋流循环改变的最重要的手段之一,得到了越来越多的应用,并取得了许多重要的成果。海水的Nd同位素组成主要受陆源输入物质控制,热液输入几乎可以忽略。由于Nd在海洋中的停留时间(约500～1000a)略小于海水的平均混合时间(约1500a),且各洋盆有不同的Nd同位素风化输入,因此现代各大洋海水具有不同的Nd同位素组成。在陆源输入稳定的情况下,可以利用海水的Nd同位素组成和演化来示踪水体的混合或洋流循环的改变。目前主要依靠对海洋中水成铁锰结壳、海洋钙质有孔虫壳体、磷酸质鱼骨头或鱼牙齿化石以及沉积物中铁锰氧化物组分等的研究来恢复和反演古海水的Nd同位素组成和演化。4种分析材料各有其优缺点。其中,通过对水成铁锰结壳的Nd同位素分析,基本建立了各大洋新生代以来的主要洋流的Nd同位素组成的长尺度演化。通过有孔虫壳体、鱼化石碎片和沉积物中Fe-Mn氧化物组分可以进行高时间分辨率的古海水Nd同位素演化示踪。利用海水Nd同位素演化可以示踪古洋流通道的开启或闭合,以及获得水体交换的直接信息,为研究构造运动与气候变化之间的关系提供指示。同时,将海水Nd同位素演化与气候变化的指标结合起来,可以用于示踪各种气候条件下洋流循环的改变,将洋流循环的改变与气候变化联系起来,研究两者之间的成因关系。对表层水体的Nd同位素组成的研究则可以示踪不同气候条件下大陆陆源风化输入的改变。 相似文献