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1.
黄河入海泥沙输运及沉积过程的数值模拟 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
以利津站代表的黄河入海径流和泥沙数据驱动ECOMSED模型,对黄河入海泥沙悬移输运过程的逐月时空变化、输送通量以及海底沉积效应进行了数值模拟实验。分析结果表明,在忽略再悬浮作用条件下,黄河入海泥沙的输运扩散过程具有明显的季节变化规律,且这种变化具有年际相似性。黄河泥沙入渤海后总体朝向辽东湾西侧海岸扩散,而主要沉降区域是黄河口附近,且随着距离的增大,沉积通量迅速降低。模拟沉积速率一般在0.5~0.1 mm/年左右,与实际调查结果非常接近。海底地形等高线向渤海海盆西部、渤海湾南部,以及渤海海峡方向突出,也反映了泥沙通量的输送方向。从黄河入海泥沙悬移扩散过程的季节变化特征及其海底沉积效应来看,渤海海域泥沙悬移输运过程受潮汐动力、余流和和底层流场等因子的制约。除了黄河河口地区以外,各月悬浮泥沙高浓度区基本一致,集中分布在潮流能量最强的海域,潮流水平动能的大小与悬沙浓度大小分布基本一致。泥沙悬移输运方向与模拟获得的渤海三维风驱-潮致Lagrange余流的方向具有明显的相关关系,泥沙扩散的方向和强度明显受余流方向和强度的控制。 相似文献
2.
长江口水域悬沙浓度时空变化与泥沙再悬浮 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
根据近年来长江河口及其邻近水域8个测站1年的表层悬沙浓度逐日观测资料,并结合水动力状况,对悬沙浓度的时空变化进行了分析。结果发现,长江口自徐六泾以下悬沙浓度不断增高,并呈现口内夏高冬低,而口外冬高夏低,且量值为口外大于口内,杭州湾大于长江口。表明长江入海泥沙在海洋动力作用下强烈再悬浮;悬沙浓度在时间上呈现明显的大小潮周期和季节性变化。进一步分析认为,海洋动力 (风浪和潮流) 是泥沙再悬浮的主导因素,制约悬沙浓度的年内变化,其中潮流控制悬沙浓度的大小潮周期变化,风浪引起悬沙浓度的季节性变化,河流径流和海洋动力的对比制约悬沙浓度的空间分布。 相似文献
3.
基于长江河口1959-2011 年实测悬沙浓度数据,通过对河口最大浑浊带外围海域泥沙要素分析的基础上,研究了近期流域人类活动和河口整治工程对最大浑浊带悬沙浓度的影响。研究表明:① 流域人类活动对入海水量影响较小,无明显趋势变化,而沙量和含沙量呈现锐减趋势,也使得进入河口区域的泥沙量呈现一致锐减;② 长江口外海域和南部杭州湾海域悬沙浓度变化不大,北部苏北沿岸略有减小,因数值较长江口海滨区小约1 个数量级,对浑浊带影响较小;③ 最大浑浊带位置受径流和潮流控制,面积变化与入海沙量多寡关系密切;④ 整个浑浊带区域悬沙浓度受入海沙量锐减决定,2000-2009 年较1959-1999 年悬沙浓度减小约为24.73%,向海延伸减幅降低,且峰值区域向口内移动,泥沙再悬浮作用对维持最大浑浊带悬沙浓度起调节作用,但不能决定其锐减趋势;⑤ 北槽航槽最大浑浊带的悬沙浓度向海为低—高—低变化特点,受入海沙量锐减、北槽分流分沙比减少及床沙粗化等影响,使其上段和下段悬沙浓度减小趋势,而中段受南导堤越堤沙量的影响悬沙浓度呈增加趋势。 相似文献
4.
黄河、长江泥沙特性对比分析* 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
通过对黄河、长江泥沙的粒度分析、矿物分析及石英包裹体分析,揭示了两大河流泥沙的差异性。黄河悬沙粗于长江而底沙比长江为细。重矿物组合中,黄河泥沙黑云母含量远高于长江,粘土矿物中蒙脱石含量约比长江多一倍。反映了两大河流水动力条件及泥沙源区的环境差异。石英包裹体分析,更反映了两大河流泥沙源区的成因环境,为区分河流泥沙来源提供了一种新的方法。 相似文献
5.
许桂红 《中国地理与资源文摘》2003,(4)
建立了珠江口海域三维悬浮泥沙的非饱和输沙数学模型,并与珠江口三维水动力斜压模型耦合,对悬沙迁移分布进行了模拟。模型由4个点的逐时实测含沙量过程进行了 相似文献
6.
长江河口最大浑浊带的泥沙特性和输移规律* 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
本文通过对不同河段的泥沙特性和输移规律的对比分析,确认长江河口来沙丰富,在河口潮流不对称和重力环流的作用下,大量泥沙向滞流点辐聚,形成最大浑浊带。最大浑浊带含沙量高,泥沙絮凝沉速快。潮流强劲,引起床沙再悬浮,输沙能力强。长江河口最大浑浊带活动区与河口拦门沙位置基本一致。本研究成果对于加深认识河口拦门沙的成因和变化,以及航槽治理具有重大的现实间义。 相似文献
7.
近年来长江流域入海沙量呈现阶梯性减小趋势,三峡水库蓄水后加剧了这一减小趋势,并通过传递效应影响河口悬沙浓度变化。基于长江口1950-2013年悬沙浓度数据,结果表明：① 长江口南支河段及口外海域悬沙浓度为减小趋势,且越向海域减幅越小,同时与流域入海沙量减幅差距加大;② 北支优势流变化不大,但悬沙浓度为减小趋势,主要为南支和海域大环境悬沙浓度减小所致;③ 拦门沙河段悬沙浓度的峰值区域因径流减小、潮流相对增强,2003-2012年较1984-2002年期间峰值位置向口内上溯约1/6经度,上溯距离洪季 > 年均 > 枯季;④ 1999-2009年南槽进口悬沙浓度减小,主要是再悬浮和滩槽交换引起的悬沙浓度增量小于流域和海域悬沙浓度锐减引起的减量,中段该作用相反,悬沙浓度为增加趋势;⑤ 北槽进口由于分流分沙比减小、流域和海域悬沙浓度减小及再悬浮量减小等综合影响下,1999-2012年逐年的8月份悬沙浓度呈减小趋势,中段越堤沙量作用明显高于外部坏境引起的减小量,为增加趋势。 相似文献
8.
长江入海泥沙的交换和输移过程——兼论泥质区的“泥库”效应 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用粒度谱的计算方法分析高浊度河口混合环境下悬浮泥沙和表层沉积物的交换过程,研究悬浮泥沙在河口—陆架系统的输移和归宿问题。分析表明:(1)大约有47%的悬浮泥沙沉积在长江口拦门沙海域及水下三角洲前缘,超过50%的悬浮泥沙摆脱河口的"束缚"进入杭州湾以及向南沿浙闽海岸输运,122.5°～123°E是长江悬浮泥沙向东扩散的重要界限。本文提供的粒度谱计算方法可适用于多种潮汐环境的泥沙输运和沉积的定量计算。(2)长江口悬浮泥沙与表层沉积物高交换区(交换率>0.6)主要分布在南槽口外的泥质区和杭州湾附近海域,其中长江口外泥质区的交换率高达0.9以上,说明该区域悬浮泥沙大量参与供沙和造床过程。在10～100年尺度上,长江口南槽口外的泥质区和杭州湾存在着一个显著的沉积中心,其泥沙交换速率可高达2～3cm/a以上。(3)由于受沿岸流和台湾暖流的影响,从长江口输出的大部分悬浮泥沙首先沉积在长江口南槽口外的泥质区,随后在潮流的作用下向长江口、杭州湾和沿海岸向南输运,泥质区充当了长江口系统泥沙输运和入海泥沙向南输送的"泥库"。长江口泥质区既是长江入海泥沙向口外输送的泥沙"汇",也是涨潮输入长江河口和杭州湾、浙闽沿岸泥质带的泥沙"源"。(4)由于长江口外余流向南槽口外汇聚,南槽口外含沙量较高,而且长江口水下三角洲前缘潮滩仍处于缓慢淤涨状态,上述水动力和地貌的综合分析证实了长江口外泥质区的"泥库"效应。在长江入海泥沙减少的背景下,"泥库"对河口地貌发育的贡献明显;随着流域减沙的不可逆转,口门附近的"泥库"将发挥愈来愈重要的向河口系统供沙的功能。 相似文献
9.
黄河下游泥沙输移数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文从数学模型入手,探讨黄河下游在多年平均来水来沙条件下,泥沙输移与泥沙淤积的特性,得出黄河下游泥沙沿程淤积分布不均匀主要是由于粗沙、中沙沿程淤积不均匀造成的,如果使来沙减少42.6%,黄河下游可望达到冲淤平衡. 相似文献
10.
根据1958-2013各年代长江河口河槽海图水深资料,利用Arcmap地图分析软件建立不同时期的水深数据库,以河口河槽水体和泥沙容量为研究对象,结合典型潮汐过程和典型年代水沙同步实测资料,计算长江口各分汊河槽最大理论进潮量和悬沙含量,探讨近50年来长江分汊型河口河槽水体和泥沙容量的变化过程和影响因素.结果表明:①北港河槽总体稳定,南港河槽仍处于发育阶段,南港河槽发育中心在南港下段,北港河槽上段区域略有萎缩;②目前,南、北槽河槽由于工程影响仍处于持续调整过程中,进潮量主增区域在南港和南槽,北槽发育模式已经被固定和限制.③近30年来,由于流域来水来沙减少,同时北槽深水航道工程的建设,使南、北槽进潮量和悬沙通量及其比例均发生了显著变化;④南北港水道悬沙量主要集中于北港下段及南北槽区域,其洪枯季悬沙含量的变化主要受冬夏季风和海洋动力条件的影响. 相似文献
11.
Five diagnostic experiments with a 3D baroclinic hydrodynamic and sediment transport model ECOMSED in couple with the third
generation wave model SWAN and the Grant-Madsen bottom boundary layer model driven by the monthly sediment load of the Yellow
River, were conducted to separately diagnose effects of different hydrodynamic factors on transport of suspended sediment
discharged from the Yellow River in the Bohai Sea. Both transport and spatio-temporal distribution of suspended sediment concentration
in the Bohai Sea were numerially simulated. It could be concluded that suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River
cannot be delivered in long distance under the condition of tidal current. Almost all of sediments from the Yellow River are
deposited outside the delta under the condition of wind-driven current, and only very small of them are transported faraway.
On the basis of wind forcing, sediments from the Yellow River are mainly transported north-northwestward, and others which
are first delivered to the Laizhou Bay are continuously moved northward. An obvious 3D structure characteristic of sediment
transport is produced in the wind-driven and tide-induced residual circulation condition. Transport patterns at all layers
are generally consistent with circulation structure, but there is apparent deviation between the depth-averaged sediment flux
and the circulation structure. The phase of temporal variation of sediment concentration is consistent with that of the bottom
shear stress, both of which are proved to have a ten-day cycle in wave and current condition. 相似文献
12.
Five diagnostic experiments with a 3D baroclinic hydrodynamic and sediment transport model ECOMSED in couple with the third generation wave model SWAN and the Grant–Madsen bottom boundary layer model driven by the monthly sediment load of the Yellow River, were conducted to separately diagnose effects of different hydrodynamic factors on transport of suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River in the Bohai Sea. Both transport and spatio-temporal distribution of suspended sediment concentration in the Bohai Sea were numerially simulated. It could be concluded that suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River cannot be delivered in long distance under the condition of tidal current. Almost all of sediments from the Yellow River are deposited outside the delta under the condition of wind-driven current, and only very small of them are transported faraway. On the basis of wind forcing, sediments from the Yellow River are mainly transported north-northwestward, and others which are first delivered to the Laizhou Bay are continuously moved northward. An obvious 3D structure characteristic of sediment transport is produced in the wind-driven and tide-induced residual circulation condition. Transport patterns at all layers are generally consistent with circulation structure, but there is apparent deviation between the depth-averaged sediment flux and the circulation structure. The phase of temporal variation of sediment concentration is consistent with that of the bottom shear stress, both of which are proved to have a ten-day cycle in wave and current condition. 相似文献
13.
本文以z坐标下的三维斜压海洋动力学数值模式为基本模式原型,在整理渤海基本数据并诊断计算风生环流和热盐环流作为背景环流场基础上,初步建立了渤海海域动力环境数值模式。模式采用了经校正的Bagnold型方程来计算渤海底移质沉积物输运,悬移质计算则是取二维深度平均悬移质输运方程和河床变形方程,计算含沙量分布以及由悬移物引起的冲淤厚度。利用这种方法建立的沉积物输运模式,定量模拟了渤海沿岸和海底的沉积物输运方向和冲淤分布。模拟结果与通过多年实测水深估算获得的渤海海底沉积物的冲淤变化分布相比较,两者之间在基本结论上是比较一致的 相似文献
14.
15.
There are 71 surface sediment samples collected from the eastern Beibu Gulf. The moment parameters (i.e. mean size, sorting and skewness) were obtained after applying grain size analysis. The geostatistical analysis was then applied to study the spatial autocorrelation for these parameters; while range, a parameter in the semivariogram that meters the scale of spatial autocorrelation, was estimated. The results indicated that the range for sorting coefficient was physically meaningful. The trend vectors calculated from grain size trend analysis model were consistent with the annual ocean circulation patterns and sediment transport rates according to previous studies. Therefore the range derived from the semivariogram of mean size can be used as the characteristic distance in the grain size trend analysis, which may remove the bias caused by the traditional way of basing on experiences or testing methods to get the characteristic distance. Hence the results from geostatistical analysis can also offer useful information for the determination of sediment sampling density in the future field work. 相似文献
16.
地统计法在粒径趋势分析中的应用:以北部湾东部为例(英文) 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
There are 71 surface sediment samples collected from the eastern Beibu Gulf. The moment parameters (i.e. mean size, sorting
and skewness) were obtained after applying grain size analysis. The geostatistical analysis was then applied to study the
spatial autocorrelation for these parameters; while range, a parameter in the semivariogram that meters the scale of spatial
autocorrelation, was estimated. The results indicated that the range for sorting coefficient was physically meaningful. The
trend vectors calculated from grain size trend analysis model were consistent with the annual ocean circulation patterns and
sediment transport rates according to previous studies. Therefore the range derived from the semivariogram of mean size can
be used as the characteristic distance in the grain size trend analysis, which may remove the bias caused by the traditional
way of basing on experiences or testing methods to get the characteristic distance. Hence the results from geostatistical
analysis can also offer useful information for the determination of sediment sampling density in the future field work. 相似文献
17.
Sinéad J. Lyster Alexander C. Whittaker Peter A. Allison Daniel J. Lunt Alexander Farnsworth 《Basin Research》2020,32(6):1547-1573
Depositional stratigraphy represents the only physical archive of palaeo-sediment routing and this limits analysis of ancient source-to-sink systems in both space and time. Here, we use palaeo-digital elevation models (palaeoDEMs; based on high-resolution palaeogeographic reconstructions), HadCM3L general circulation model climate data and the BQART suspended sediment discharge model to demonstrate a predictive, forward approach to palaeo-sediment routing system analysis. To exemplify our approach, we use palaeoDEMs and HadCM3L data to predict the configurations, geometries and climates of large continental catchments in the Cenomanian and Turonian North American continent. Then, we use BQART to estimate suspended sediment discharges and catchment-averaged erosion rates and we map their spatial distributions. We validate our estimates with published geologic constraints from the Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation, Alberta, Canada, and the Turonian Ferron Sandstone, Utah, USA, and find that estimates are consistent or within a factor of two to three. We then evaluate the univariate and multivariate sensitivity of our estimates to a range of uncertainty margins on palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic boundary conditions; large uncertainty margins (≤50%/±5°C) still recover estimates of suspended sediment discharge within an order of magnitude of published constraints. PalaeoDEMs are therefore suitable as a first-order investigative tool in palaeo-sediment routing system analysis and are particularly useful where stratigraphic records are incomplete. We highlight the potential of this approach to predict the global spatio-temporal response of suspended sediment discharges and catchment-averaged erosion rates to long-period tectonic and climatic forcing in the geologic past. 相似文献
18.
地统计法支持的北部湾东部海域沉积物粒径趋势分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在北部湾东部海域采集表层沉积物71 个, 通过粒度分析获得其粒度参数(平均粒径、分选系数、偏态), 用克里格插值法将不规则采样站位的粒度参数内插为规则网格分布的相应粒度参数。采用地统计法分析其空间相关性, 计算度量空间相关性范围的参数, 即半方差图中的变程值。结果表明, 使用地统计分析获得的粒度参数变程值物理意义较为明确, 可作为粒径趋势分析模型的特征距离, 其中分选系数变程值作为特征距离的计算结果与前人的海流、沉积物输运信息更为吻合; 这在一定程度上消除了传统方法(试算法或经验估计法) 获取特征 距离可能造成的模型计算误差。采用不同间距插值时得到的粒径趋势矢量具有不同的空间分 辨率, 其中高分辨率的细化图所反映的海底沉积物净输运趋势与余流和环流等所反映的沉积物输运细节特征吻合较好, 低分辨率的概化图可大致反映该区域沉积物的总体输运趋势。地统计分析的结果对未来研究工作中采样间距的选取也具有指导意义。 相似文献
19.
山东月湖的沉积物分布特征及搬运趋势 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
1998年 11～ 12月和 1999年 8～ 9月各一个月对月湖进行的野外工作 ,共取得表层沉积物样品 131个 ,应用激光粒度仪并结合传统的筛分法对这些样品进行粒度分析 ,进行矩法计算获得粒度参数。采用Gao命名方法 ,将沉积物划分出 5种主要类型。利用Gao -Collins粒径趋势分析模型 ,计算该区沉积物粒径趋势所显示的沉积物净搬运方向 ,结果表明 ,沉积物从四周向湖中心搬运 ,同时显示湾顶的西部和北部、涨潮三角洲以及湖心等地貌单元是沉积的优势区域。 相似文献
20.
长江河口最大浑浊带水沙输运机制分析 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
本文根据大量的实测资料，运用机理的分析方法，讨论了长江口最大浑浊带中各输沙项的作用。结果表明，平均流输沙、斯托克斯漂流效应、潮汐捕集以及垂向不流是净输沙的主要部分。 相似文献