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1.
Extractable biomarkers can help elucidate the environment and biota of ancient glaciations, although the method must be applied with care, as glacial sediments have a potential for incorporation of older detrital carbon. In Phanerozoic glacial sediments, the distinct elemental, molecular and isotopic compositions of the terrestrial and marine biomass allow discrimination between primary marine and redeposited terrestrial organic matter. However, as the Proterozoic biosphere was largely microbial and marine, biomarker and isotopic analyses are insufficient for distinguishing primary organic matter from secondary reworked organic matter. Here, we report the combined application of Raman spectroscopy and biomarker analysis to Precambrian glacial sediments, which, together, allows discrimination between mixed pools of organic carbon and provides a promising new approach for rapidly screening Precambrian sediments for immature organic matter amenable to biomarker analysis.  相似文献   

2.
RECENT ADVANCES IN GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN PARTS OF LESSER AND TETHYS HIMALAYA OF INDIA, SOUTH OF TIBETAN PLATEAU (KUMAON, GARHWAL AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)  相似文献   

3.
朱扬明  李颖  郝芳  邹华耀  郭旭升 《沉积学报》2017,35(6):1254-1264
采用质谱和色谱-同位素质谱技术,测定了500余个干酪根及饱和烃、芳烃组份、正构烷烃的δ13C值,以此揭示了四川盆地海、陆相烃源岩有机碳同位素组成随地质时代的变化特点及其在高成熟阶段的演化特征,并结合其他相关分析资料,应用碳同位素剖析了不同类型海、陆相烃源岩的有机质生源及沉积环境。研究结果表明,该盆地从震旦系灯影组到中三叠统雷口坡组的海相地层中,干酪根的碳同位素组成随层位变新呈逐渐变重的趋势,可能的原因之一是浮游植物的进化作用;而上三叠统须家河组至中侏罗统千佛崖组的陆相有机质碳同位素组成则有反向的年代变化,主要与生源构成和沉积环境性质有关。这些海、陆相烃源岩的有机源难以用干酪根δ13C值进行区分,而可用饱和烃与芳烃组份的δ13C及其CV值来区别。海洋和湖泊不同沉积相带烃源岩的干酪根具有明显不同的δ13C值,结合其他相关资料可识别其有机质来源。煤系地层中煤与泥岩在干酪根碳同位素组成上没有可区分性,而两者有不同的正构烷烃碳同位素分布曲线。从成熟晚期到高-过成熟阶段,海、陆相干酪根的碳同位素均变重1~2‰,煤系泥岩的正构烷烃碳同位素分布曲线由负向线型分布向平直型演变。这些碳同位素的变化特征为油气源对比和烃源识别提供了依据。  相似文献   

4.
塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘凹陷天然气地球化学特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
哈拉哈塘凹陷位于塔里木盆地塔北隆起中部,具有良好的石油地质条件,是近期油气勘探的重点区带。天然气地球化学特征研究表明,该区天然气干燥系数较低,表现出典型湿气的特征,普遍含有微量的H2S;烷烃气δ13C1和δ13C2值分别为-50.5‰~-42.6‰和-40.2‰~-35.5‰,δD1值介于-262‰~-156‰之间,碳氢同位素系列表现出典型正序特征; C7轻烃组成具有正庚烷优势分布, C5~7轻烃组成以正构和异构烷烃为主。哈拉哈塘凹陷及周缘奥陶系天然气均为海相油型气,既有干酪根裂解气,也有原油裂解气,其中哈拉哈塘天然气中混入了相当比例的原油裂解初期形成的湿气,主要来自于南部阿满过渡带地区的中上奥陶统烃源岩,天然气中具有高δ13C值特征的CO2主要来自碳酸盐岩储层在酸性地层水作用下发生的溶蚀, H2S主要源自含硫化合物的热裂解。其中天然气发生的同位素部分倒转主要源自原油伴生气与原油裂解气的混合。  相似文献   

5.
生物标志化合物碳同位素地球化学研究的几个相关问题   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
生物标志化合物稳定碳同位素地球化学是８０年代末期新兴的研究领域。单个生物标志化合物碳同位素组成的成因解释是该领域至关重要的问题。本文综合讨论了与此有关的生物合成过程中脂类化合物碳同位素变化、细菌生物合成过程中碳同位素分馏及其脂类化合物碳同位素组成特征，从而为我国的生物标志化合物碳同位素地球化学研究提供了新的理论依据  相似文献   

6.
Carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates is a record for various important geological events in the process of earth development and evolution. The carbonates of Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic, as the transition from Paleozoic to Mesozoic-Cenozoic have very high 13C value. Taking this as the main point, and combined with the oxygen, strontium isotopic composition in carbonates, distribution of carbonate basin area through geologic time, the correlation of carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates to sea level change, organic carbon burial flux, exchange of CO2 content in atmosphere and ocean, and long cycle evolution of the earth ecosystems were approached. The results are shown as follows: ①The interval of 13C >3‰ during Phanerozoic was concentrated in Carboniferous, Permian and the beginning of Triassic, but the beginning of Triassic was characterized by higher frequency and larger fluctuations in 13C value during a short time, whereas the Carboniferous-Permian presented a continuously stable high 13C value, indicating a larger amount of organic carbon accumulation in this time interval. Relatively high 18O values during this time was also observed, showing a long time of glaciations and cold climate, which suggest a connection among rapid organic carbon burial, cold climate, as well as pCO2 and pO2 states of atmosphere. ②The over consumption of atmosphere CO2 by green plants during the time with high 13C of seawater forced CO2 being transferred from ocean to atmosphere for the balance, but the decrease in the seawater amount and water column pressure caused by the global cooling could weaken dissolution capacity of CO2 in seawater and carbon storage of marine carbonates, and also reduce the carbonate sedimentary rate and decrease the carbonate basin area globally from Devonian to Carboniferous and Permian. During the middle-late Permian carbonate was widely replaced by siliceous sediments even though in shallow carbonate platform, which resulted in the decrease of marine invertebrates, suggesting the Permian chert event should be global. ③The Phanerozoic 87Sr/86Sr trend of seawater showed a sharp fall in Permian and drop to a minimum at the end of the Permian, indicting input of strontium from the submarine hydrothermal systems (mantle flux). Such process should accompany with a supplement of CO2 from deep earth to atmosphere and ocean system, but the process associated with widespread volcanism and rises of earth’s surface temperature pricked up the mass extinction during the time of end Permian. ④Cold climate and increase of continental icecap volume, the amalgamation of northern Africa and Laurentia continentals were the main reasons responsible for the sea level drop, but the water consumption result from the significantly increased accumulation of organic carbon should also be one of the reasons for the sea level drop on the order of tens of meters. ⑤The mass extinction at the end Permian was an inevitable event in the process of earth system adjustment. It was difficult for marine invertebrates to survive because of the continuously rapid burial of organic carbon, and of the decrease of sea water amount and its dissolution ability to CO2. At last, at the end of Paleozoic, the supplement of CO2 to atmosphere and ocean by widely magma activities resulted in a high temperature of earth surface and intensified mass extinction.  相似文献   

7.
Experiments with cultured aerobic methane oxidising bacteria confirm that their biomarker lipids will be significantly depleted in 13C compared to the substrate. The methanotrophic bacteria Methylococcus capsulatus and Methylomonas methanica, grown on methane and using the RuMP cycle for carbon assimilation, show maximum 13C fractionation of approximately 30% in the resultant biomass. In M. capsulatus, the maximum fractionation is observed in the earliest part of the exponential growth stage and decreases to approximately 16% as cells approach stationary phase. This change may be associated with a shift from the particulate form to the soluble form of the methane monooxygenase enzyme. Less than maximum fractionation is observed when cells are grown with reduced methane availability. Biomass of M. capsulatus grown on methanol was depleted by 9% compared to the substrate. Additional strong 13C fractionation takes place during polyisoprenoid biosynthesis in methanotrophs. The delta 13C values of individual hopanoid and steroid biomarkers produced by these organisms were as much as l0% more negative than total biomass. In individual cultures, squalene was 13C-enriched by as much as 14% compared to the triterpane skeleton of bacteriohopaneaminopentol. Much of the isotopic dispersion in lipid metabolites could be attributed to shifts in their relative abundances, combined with an overall reduction in fractionation during the growth cycle. In cells grown on methanol, where there was no apparent effect of growth stage on overall fractionation there were still significant isotopic differences between closely related lipids including a 5.3% difference between the hopane and 3 beta-methylhopane skeletons. Hopane and sterane polyisoprenoids were also 13C-depleted compared to fatty acids. These observations have significant implications for the interpretation of specific compound isotopic signatures now being measured for hydrocarbons and other lipids present in sediments and petroleum. In particular, biomarker lipids produced by a single organism do not necessarily have the same carbon isotopic composition.  相似文献   

8.
许多研究者认为,烃源岩干酪根C同位素组成主要受干酪根类型的影响,可以作为评价烃源岩类型、沉积环境和进行油气源对比的重要指标,并得到广泛应用.对额济纳旗及邻区典型剖面石炭系-二叠系烃源岩有机碳(TOC)的丰度、地球化学特征、热演化特征和干酪根C同位素分布的研究表明.研究区石炭系-二叠系烃源岩为浅海陆棚相沉积环境形成的泥质岩,TOC含量中等,以Ⅱ类干酪根为主,烃源岩演化进入成熟-过成熟阶段,干酪根C同位素县有显著偏重的特点.并且干酪根C同位素组成明显与热演化程度和有机碳丰度有关,随着烃源岩演化程度的不断提高,重碳同位素不断富集,在成熟-过成熟阶段,对C同位素的影响可达4‰～6‰随着TOC含量的增加,干酪根C同位素显著偏轻,影响值可达4‰以上.由于研究区烃源岩已进入成熟-过成熟阶段,干酪根C同位素的分布在演化过程中已经发生较大变化,干酪根类型的影响相对降低或已不显著,不能再作为评价烃源岩干酪根类型的指标.  相似文献   

9.
The authors have detailedly and systematically studied the carbon isotopic composition of Early Proterozoic carbonate rocks. Samples which are all dolomicrite were taken from the Jianancun, Daguandong and Huaiyincun Formations of the Hutuo Group in Wutai County Shanxi Province, North China. A total of 209 samples were analysed for their carbon isotope compositions, and the mean sampling interval was 6.9 m. Carbon isotope analysis clearly shows δ13C shifts at the boundary between the Jian'ancun Formation and Daguandong Formation and near the boundary between the Daguandong Formation and Huaiyincun Formation. Like carbon isotope shifts at the Cretaceous-Tertiary, Permian-Triassic and Precambrian-Cambrian boundaries, the discovery of δ13C shifts in the Early Proterozoic has important significance in further studies on Early Proterozoic biotic evolution, regional and global stratigraphic correlation, and carbon geochemical cycles.  相似文献   

10.
Carbonate δ13C values provide a useful monitor of changes in the global carbon cycle because they can record the burial ratio of organic to carbonate carbon. The most pronounced isotope excursions in the geologic record occur during the Neoproterozoic and have assumed a central role in the interpretation of biogeochemical events preceding the Ediacaran and Cambrian radiations. The most profound negative carbon isotope excursion is best recorded in the Ediacaran-aged Shuram Formation of Oman and has potential equivalents worldwide including the Wonoka Formation of South Australia and other sections in China, India, Siberia, Canada, Scandinavia and Brazil. All these excursions are less well understood than those in the Phanerozoic because of their unusual magnitude, long duration (> 1 Ma) and the difficulty in correlating Neoproterozoic basins to confirm independently that they do indeed record global change in the mixed ocean reservoir. Alternatively, these δ13C anomalies could reflect diachronous diagenetic processes. Currently none of these excursion are firmly time constrained and critical to their interpretation is a coherent reproducibility and synchroneity at the global ocean scale. Here we use available strontium isotope record as an independent chronometer to test the timing and synchroneity of the Shuram δ13C and its potential equivalents. The use of the 86Sr/87Sr ratio allows the reconstruction of a coherent, global δ13C record calibrated independently against time. The calibrated δ13C curve indicates that the Shuram negative anomaly spans several tens of millions of years and reaches values below −10‰. This carbon isotopic anomaly therefore represents a meaningful oceanographic event that fundamentally challenges our understanding of the carbon cycle as defined in the Phanerozoic.  相似文献   

11.
Siberia contains several key reference sections for studies of biological and environmental evolution across the Proterozoic-Phanerozoic transition. The Platonovskaya Formation, exposed in the Turukhansk region of western Siberia, is an uppermost Proterozoic to Cambrian succession whose trace and body fossils place broad limits on the age of deposition, but do not permit detailed correlation with boundary successions elsewhere. In contrast, a striking negative carbon isotopic excursion in the lower part of the Platonovskaya Formation permits precise chemostratigraphic correlation with upper-most Yudomian successions in Siberia, and possibly worldwide. In addition to providing a tool for correlation, the isotopic excursion preserved in the Platonovskaya and contemporaneous successions documents a major biogeochemical event, likely involving the world ocean. The excursion coincides with the palaeontological breakpoint between Ediacaran- and Cambrian-style assemblages, suggesting a role for biogeochemical change in evolutionary events near the Proterozoic Cambrian boundary.  相似文献   

12.
Burial of organic carbon (OC) in ocean sediments acts as the ultimate long-term sink for both terrestrial and marine carbon, however, the mechanisms controlling the preservation of this carbon are poorly understood. To better understand these mechanisms, we applied solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, along with elemental, stable carbon isotopic (δ13C) and lignin phenol analyses, to size and density fractions of sediments influenced by either mixed terrestrial and marine OC inputs (Washington Coast slope) or dominantly marine inputs (Mexican Margin). Elemental, isotopic and lignin analyses all reveal that within the Washington Coast sediment, the OC mixes linearly between nitrogen-poor and 13C-depleted, lignin-rich OC in the large and light fractions and nitrogen-rich and 13C-enriched, lignin-poor OC in the small and dense fractions, suggesting that this sediment contains a two-component mixture of terrestrial vascular plant- and marine-derived OC. The integral areas of each of seven NMR spectral regions in the different samples trend linearly when plotted versus δ13C signature, with most R2 values of 0.78 or greater, demonstrating that the NMR spectra of the two sources of carbon also mix linearly between the two endmembers. The terrestrial endmember in this sediment appears to be dominated by lignin and black carbon whereas the source of the marine endmember is less clear from the NMR spectra. In contrast, all of the analyses indicate that OC in the Mexican Margin sediment fractions is homogenous and derives almost exclusively from marine sources. It appears that selective preservation of (bio)chemically recalcitrant lignin and black carbon is the primary mechanism of preservation of terrestrial OC, whereas mineral-protection is the dominant mechanism preserving marine OC in the Washington coast sediment. There is little evidence showing that either preservation mechanism functions in the Mexican Margin sediments.  相似文献   

13.
The carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of seven of the most abundant alkylporphyrins from the Serpiano oil shale (marine, Triassic) were determined. For the C31 and C32 butanoporphyrins, values of delta 13CPDB and delta 15NAIR averaged -24.0% and -3.1%. In contrast, the C31 and C32 methylpropanoporphyrins, DPEP, and a C30 13-nor etioporphyrin had delta 13C and delta 15N values averaging -27.5 and -3.3%, respectively. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic values for kerogen averaged -30.8 and -0.9, whereas those for total extract averaged -31.6, and -4.0%. The butanoporphyrins apparently derive from a biological source different from that giving rise to the other porphyrins, their 13C enrichment not being related to carbon isotopic fractionation accompanying diagenetic reactions. The delta 15N values for all the porphyrins indicate that the depletion of 15N observed in the kerogen is of primary origin. Consistent with the very high abundance of hopanoids and methyl hopanoids in the aliphatic hydrocarbon fraction, it is suggested that cyanobacterial fixation of N2 may have been the main cause of 15N depletion.  相似文献   

14.
对南海表层沉积物与沉降颗粒物有机碳的δ13C进行了对比研究,从古环境再造方面探讨了陆源和海源对南海表层沉积物的贡献。南海表层沉积物有机碳的δ13C比沉降颗粒物中有机碳的δ13C偏重表明,Suess效应对南海现代过程的影响不可忽视,两者的δ13C差值反映了Suess效应对南海现代过程的影响程度。利用两者的δ13C差值,对现代陆源和海源有机碳的δ13C进行修正后,计算得到,在南海陆架周围表层沉积物的有机碳中,陆源的比例为48%,海源的比例为52%;在远离陆架的表层沉积物的有机碳中,陆源的比例为14%,海源的比例为86%。  相似文献   

15.
Carbon isotopic compositions were determined by GC–IRMS for individual n-alkanes in crude oils and the free, adsorbed and inclusion oils recovered by sequential extraction from reservoir rocks in the Tazhong Uplift and Tahe oilfield in the Tabei Uplift of Tarim Basin as well as extracts of the Cambrian–Ordovician source rocks in the basin. The variations of the δ13C values of individual n-alkanes among the 15 oils from the Tazhong Uplift and among the 15 oils from the Triassic and Carboniferous sandstone reservoirs and the 21 oils from the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tahe oilfield demonstrate that these marine oils are derived from two end member source rocks. The major proportion of these marine oils is derived from the type A source rocks with low δ13C values while a minor proportion is derived from the type B source rocks with high δ13C values. Type A source rocks are within either the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician or the Middle–Upper Ordovician strata (not drilled so far) while type B source rocks are within the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician strata, as found in boreholes TD2 and Fang 1. In addition, the three oils from the Cretaceous sandstone reservoirs in the Tahe oilfield with exceptionally high Pr/Ph ratio and δ13C values of individual n-alkanes are derived, or mainly derived, from the Triassic–Jurassic terrigenous source rocks located in Quka Depression.The difference of the δ13C values of individual n-alkanes among the free, adsorbed and inclusion oils in the reservoir rocks and corresponding crude oils reflects source variation during the reservoir filling process. In general, the initial oil charge is derived from the type B source rocks with high δ13C values while the later oil charge is derived from the type A source rocks with low δ13C values.The δ13C values of individual n-alkanes do not simply correlate with the biomarker parameters for the marine oils in the Tazhong Uplift and Tahe oilfield, suggesting that molecular parameters alone are not adequate for reliable oil-source correlation for high maturity oils with complex mixing.  相似文献   

16.
雅克拉凝析气田油气地球化学特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
雅克拉凝析气田天然气组分以甲烷为主,含量79.13%￣89.30%;重烃含量较高,平均占9.67%;干燥系数(C1/C1-5)介于0.89～0.92之间,属典型的湿气。δ13C1为-40.8‰～-39.4‰,δ13C2为-32.0‰～-30.2‰,δ13C3为-30.5‰～-28.9‰,表明天然气为典型的油型气。原油及其族组分的碳同位素组成和生物标志化合物呈现出典型的海相原油特征。原油成熟度较高,与天然气的成熟度基本相同,表明油气同源、同阶,为一次油气充注的产物,而与塔河油田存在较大差异。  相似文献   

17.
Carbon isotope studies have been carried out on marine Phanerozoic sediments of the Williston Basin, North America. Special attention was given to the recognition of systematic variations with age.δ 13C measurements on the carbonate fraction show a 3%0 depletion from the Cambrian to the Mississippian and a 1–2%0 enrichment to the Jurassic. Both the sign of these displacements and a good correlation with the organic carbon content suggest that real variations in the rate of photosynthesis may have been the driving force for these changes with age.Because of the large isotopic heterogeneities in the organic biomass, systematic fluctuations with age in the δ 13C-values of the total organic carbon record are hard to prove. Nevertheless, a significant 3%0 depletion was observed from the Devonian to the end of the Carboniferous. This depletion seems to occur on a worldwide scale. It is therefore proposed that a rise in the rate of photosynthesis as a consequence of the colonization of the continents by higher plants is the global cause of this displacement in the isotope record of the total organic carbon.The bitumen fraction does not show any systematic isotope variations with age.Comparison of coexisting δ 13Corg?δ 13Cbit pairs demonstrates that during the Ordovician-Mississippian time period no significant (> 1%0) differences in the isotope values of these two organic carbon sources can be observed. In contrast the bitumen fraction is depleted in 13C as compared to the total organic carbon in the Cambrian as well as in the Pennsylvanian-Cretaceous time interval. Several parameters, i.e. the depth of burial of these sediments, the 12(pristane/n-C17 + phytane/n-C18) ratio and the n-alkane distribution pattern support the theory that the rank of the organic matter may be responsible for the observed isotopic pattern.  相似文献   

18.
《Gondwana Research》2001,4(3):377-386
The Kerala Khondalite belt is a Proterozoic metasupracrustal granulite facies terrain in southern India comprising garnet-biotite gneiss, garnet-sillimanite gneiss and orthopyroxene granulites as major rock types. Calc-silicate rocks and marbles, occurring as minor lithologies in the Kerala Khondalite Belt, show different mineral assemblages and reaction histories of which indicate a metamorphic P-T-fluid history dominated by internal fluid buffering during the peak metamorphism, followed by external fluid influx during decompression. The carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of calcite from three representative metacarbonate localities show contrasting evolutionary trends. The Ambasamudram marbles exhibit carbon and oxygen isotope ratios (δ13C ∼ 0‰ and δ18O ∼ 20‰) typical of middle to late Proterozoic marine carbonate sediments with minor variation ascribed to the isotopic exchange due to the devolatilization reactions. The δ13C and δ18O values of ∼ −9‰ and 11‰, respectively, for calcite from calc-silicate rocks at Nuliyam are considerably low and heterogeneous. The wollastonite formation here, possibly corresponds to an earlier event of fluid infiltration during prograde to peak metamorphism, which resulted in decarbonation and isotope resetting. Further, petrologic evidence supports a model of late carbonic fluid infiltration that has partially affected the calc-silicate rocks, with subsequent isotope resetting, more towards the contact between calc-silicate rock and charnockite. At Korani, only oxygen isotopes have been significantly lowered (δ18O ∼ 13‰) and the process involved might be a combination of metamorphic devolatilization accompanied by an aqueous fluid influx, supported by petrologic evidence. The stable isotope signatures obtained from the individual localities, thus indicate heterogeneous patterns of fluid evolution history within the same crustal segment.  相似文献   

19.
Suspended sediments (SS) from the Atchafalaya River (AR) and the Mississippi River and surficial sediment samples from seven shallow cross-shelf transects west of the AR in the northern Gulf of Mexico were examined using elemental (%OC, C/N), isotopic (δ13C, Δ14C), and terrigenous biomarker analyses. The organic matter (OM) delivered by the AR is isotopically enriched (∼−24.5‰) and relatively degraded, suggesting that soil-derived OM with a C4 signature is the predominant OM source for these SS. The shelf sediments display OC values that generally decrease seaward within each transect and westward, parallel to the coastline. A strong terrigenous C/N (29) signal is observed in sediments deposited close to the mouth of the river, but values along the remainder of the shelf fall within a narrow range (8-13), with no apparent offshore trends. Depleted stable carbon isotope (δ13C) values typical of C3 plant debris (−27‰) are found near the river mouth and become more enriched (−22 to −21‰) offshore. The spatial distribution of lignin in shelf sediments mirrors that of OC, with high lignin yields found inshore relative to that found offshore (water depth > 10 m).The isotopic and biomarker data indicate that at least two types of terrigenous OM are deposited within the study area. Relatively undegraded, C3 plant debris is deposited close to the mouth of the AR, whereas more degraded, isotopically enriched, soil-derived OM appears to be deposited along the remainder of the shelf. An important input from marine carbon is found at the stations offshore from the 10-m isobath. Quantification of the terrigenous component of sedimentary OM is complicated by the heterogeneous composition of the terrigenous end-member. A three-end-member mixing model is therefore required to more accurately evaluate the sources of OM deposited in the study area. The results of the mixing calculation indicate that terrigenous OM (soil-derived OM and vascular plant debris) accounts for ∼79% of the OM deposited as inshore sediments and 66% of OM deposited as offshore sediments. Importantly, the abundance of terrigenous OM is 40% higher in inshore sediments and nearly 85% higher in offshore sediments than indicated by a two-end-member mixing model. Such a result highlights the need to reevaluate the inputs and cycling of soil-derived OM in the coastal ocean.  相似文献   

20.
The extractable organic matter of 10 immature samples from a marl bed of one evaporitic cycle of the Vena del Gesso sediments (Gessoso-solfifera Fm., Messinian, Italy) was analyzed quantitatively for free hydrocarbons and organic sulphur compounds. Nickel boride was used as a desulphurizing agent to recover sulphur-bound lipids from the polar and asphaltene fractions. Carbon isotopic compositions (delta vs PDB) of free hydrocarbons and of S-bound hydrocarbons were also measured. Relationships between these carbon skeletons, precursor biolipids, and the organisms producing them could then be examined. Concentrations of S-bound lipids and free hydrocarbons and their delta values were plotted vs depth in the marl bed and the profiles were interpreted in terms of variations in source organisms, 13 C contents of the carbon source, and environmentally induced changes in isotopic fractionation. The overall range of delta values measured was 24.7%, from -11.6% for a component derived from green sulphur bacteria (Chlorobiaceae) to -36.3% for a lipid derived from purple sulphur bacteria (Chromatiaceae). Deconvolution of mixtures of components deriving from multiple sources (green and purple sulphur bacteria, coccolithophorids, microalgae and higher plants) was sometimes possible because both quantitative and isotopic data were available and because either the free or S-bound pool sometimes appeared to contain material from a single source. Several free n-alkanes and S-bound lipids appeared to be specific products of upper-water-column primary producers (i.e. algae and cyanobacteria). Others derived from anaerobic photoautotrophs and from heterotrophic protozoa (ciliates), which apparently fed partly on Chlorobiaceae. Four groups of n-alkanes produced by algae or cyanobacteria were also recognized based on systematic variations of abundance and isotopic composition with depth. For hydrocarbons probably derived from microalgae, isotopic variations are well correlated with those of total organic carbon. A resistant aliphatic biomacromolecule produced by microalgae is, therefore, probably an important component of the kerogen. These variations reflect changes in the depositional environment and early diagenetic transformations. Changes in the concentrations of S-bound lipids induced by variations in conditions favourable for sulphurization were discriminated from those related to variations in primary producer assemblages. The water column of the lagoonal basin was stratified and photic zone anoxia occurred during the early and middle stages of marl deposition. During the last stage of the marl deposition the stratification collapsed due to a significant shallowing of the water column. Contributions from anaerobic photoautotrophs were apparently associated with variations in depth of the chemocline.  相似文献   

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