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1.
利用地下水水化学和同位素测试分析成果,结合区域地质、水文地质条件研究了平谷北山山区侧向补给情况和中桥水源地地区第四系松散孔隙水和下伏岩溶水关系。结果表明：研究区第四系松散孔隙水和基岩岩溶地下水均来源于大气降水,地下水化学类型均为HCO3-—Ca2+·Mg2+型;平谷北山山前基岩岩溶水侧向补给平原区第四系松散孔隙水和下伏岩溶地下水;通过D值估算得到中桥水源地第四系浅层地下水的山区岩溶水侧向补给和垂向降水入渗补给比例为57∶43;中桥水源地基岩岩溶水接受山区岩溶水侧向补给和第四系孔隙水垂向越流补给比例为87∶13。研究成果为平谷地区地下水资源量评价和地下水动力场数值模型的建设提供了关键参数,为区域地下水的合理开采和有序回补涵养提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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敬信盆地第四系下更新统沉积环境以冲积扇相为主,发育有下部孔隙承压含水层(Mx);中上更新统以湖泊相为主,发育有上部孔隙承压含水层(Ms);孔隙潜水含水层的的发育层位为全新统。盆地内各层位地下水的补给来源主要为大气降水,上、下孔隙承压水主要靠孔隙潜水越流补给,其动态变化滞后于孔隙潜水近一个月,地下水向图们江径流、排泄。潜水含水层富水性较弱,水化学类型复杂;承压含水层富水性强,上部承压含水层水质优良,下部承压含水层水质稍差,水中Fe、Mn含量较高,并沿图们江向下游有增高的趋势。 相似文献
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包头平原地下水水循环模式及其可更新能力的同位素研究 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
同位素研究表明,包头平原中山前倾斜平原和黄河冲积平原区地下水具有不同的水循环模式。山前倾斜平原中,潜水的补给来源为当地雨水的补给,具有大型冲洪积扇典型的水文地球化学分带特点;承压水来源于补给高程较大的基岩裂隙水,主要通过山前断裂侧向补给。在地下水位漏斗区中,承压水δ^18和^3H浓度较高的现象反映有潜水向承压水的越流补给。黄河冲积平原中,黄河灌溉水入渗补给是该地区潜水的重要来源。相比于承压水,山前平原潜水的更新时间较短,循环速度较快,潜水的更新能力明显大于深层承压水。 相似文献
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利用水文地质钻探、同位素技术、水位统测等方法，分析西露天矿涌水来源，评价各来源对西露天矿涌水的补给量，为西露天矿地质灾害评估和矿坑规划利用提供科学依据.结果表明：西露天矿坑是区域地下水汇集区，周边地下水向矿坑内径流.周边地区进入西露天矿的总水量为2477.8×104m3/a，来源主要为浑河通过北帮第四系含水层的侧向补给和大气降水补给.其中北帮浑河侧向补给的涌水量约1115.7×104m3/a，约占45.0%，大气降水直接降入矿坑水量约997.8×104m3/a，约占40.3%.古城子河通过西露天矿西帮侧向补给矿坑的水量约177.9×104m3/a；地下水通过西露天矿南帮杨柏河、刘山河古河道等地段侧向径流补给的水量约186.4×104m3/a；东帮在东露天矿影响下接近疏干. 相似文献
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我国城市海岸带地下水类型和分布主要受控于陆地地质作用,尤以大地构造作用和河流地质作用为主导。松散沉积物类海岸带地下水为孔隙水,含水介质单一,空间变化大,地下水的赋存和分布规律亦相应复杂。以距今78万年晚更新世为界线,可将第四纪松散沉积物含水层组划分为上（浅）下（深）两层（部）。下部的全新统（Q4）和上更新统（Q3）含水岩组以微咸水、咸水多见;上部的中更新统（Q2）和下更新统（Q1）分布有淡水,部分地下淡水资源有一定的供水意义。基岩类海岸带地下水主要为裂隙水和岩溶水,多为淡水,其水资源量与当地的降水量和基岩入渗系数的大小有直接关系。除砂砾石台地的基岩类海岸带、少数溺谷型泥质海岸带的河谷内和碳酸盐岩分布区外,一般无集中供水意义。 相似文献
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马莲河流域地处鄂尔多斯盆地南部黄土高原区,按储水介质和埋藏条件可将地下水分为黄土潜水、基岩潜水和基岩承压水三类,利用2015—2018年流域的295组地下水水化学数据,分析了地下水中锶(Sr2+)的质量浓度水平、垂向分布及沿流向分布的特征,并采用因子相关性研究地下水中Sr2+的来源和富集成因。结果表明:马莲河流域地下水富锶现象显著,黄土潜水、基岩潜水和基岩承压水中锶的平均质量浓度分别为1.14 mg/l、1.39 mg/l和5.24 mg/l;地下水中锶富集成因主要是含锶矿物天然状态下的水-岩作用,黄土潜水、基岩潜水和基岩承压水三类地下水中Sr2+的主要来源分别为碳酸盐岩与铝硅酸盐岩、碳酸盐岩与硫酸盐和碳酸盐矿物的溶滤作用;地下水中Sr2+的质量浓度沿流向呈逐渐增大的趋势,在不同区域中随深度变化的趋势不一致。 相似文献
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新疆喀什三角洲地下水“水质型”缺水问题较为突出，开展地下水流系统研究具有实际意义.采用水化学和环境同位素年龄测试法，在对喀什三角洲地下水含水系统划分基础上，对地下水化学和循环更新特征进行了分析研究.结果表明:三角洲含水系统由山前倾斜冲洪积平原潜水、河流冲积平原潜水和河流冲积平原承压水构成.沿地下水流向，水化学类型演化为HCO3·SO4-Ca→SO4-Ca→SO4·Cl-Mg·Na→SO4·Cl-Na，TDS增高，水质趋向盐化.山前倾斜冲洪积平原为溶滤-径流区，河流冲积平原为径流-累盐区.研究区地下水更新速率为0.03%~16.35%·a-1，具有山前倾斜冲洪积平原潜水>河流冲积平原潜水>河流冲积平原承压水的特征.利用3H估算得出，山前倾斜冲洪积平原潜水年龄为8~49 a，平均值为29 a；河流冲积平原潜水年龄为14~>50 a，其中上部潜水平均年龄为24 a，下部潜水平均年龄大于50 a.利用14C估算得出，河流冲积平原潜水为476~33 623 a，平均值为8 106 a；河流冲积平原承压水为5 186~34 578 a，平均值为30 043 a，与潜水比为“更古老”的水.综合以上特征得出，喀什三角洲地下水含水系统可以划分为2个更新速率较快的局部水流系统（Ⅰ1和Ⅰ2）和一个循环滞缓的区域水流系统（Ⅱ）. 相似文献
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格尔木河222Rn同位素变化及其对地表水-地下水交互关系的指示意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国西北内陆干旱区水资源匮乏,生态环境脆弱,在全球气候变化和人类活动干扰背景下,采用同位素方法进行精细尺度地表水-地下水交互作用研究是探求当地水循环变化和水资源管理的基本要求。通过测量格尔木河流域河水、地下水样品2019年5月和8月的222Rn浓度和典型断面流量,结果发现：山区河段河水222Rn浓度最高,平均值为948.72 Bq·m-3,指示基岩裂隙水是山区河段重要补给来源;山前冲洪积扇河水222Rn浓度最低,平均值为76.71 Bq·m-3,地下水补给较少;溢出带地区河水222Rn浓度上升至平均676 Bq·m-3,地下水溢出补给河水,向下至细土平原,河水222Rn浓度呈下降趋势。时间变化上,8月与5月相比,河水222Rn浓度下降,表明地下水补给减少。溢出带S1~S2河段河水与地下水交互关系以双向转化为主,基于质量守恒原理计算河水与地下水交互通量,5月和8月累积河水渗漏通量分别为3.87 m3?s-1和0.9 m3?s-1,地下水补给通量分别为0.51 m3?s-1和0.47 m3?s-1,河水渗漏强度大于地下水补给,二者交互通量存在时空差异。 相似文献
11.
Keisuke Kuroda Takeshi Hayashi Ayako Funabiki An Thuan Do Vu Duc Canh Tran Thi Viet Nga Satoshi Takizawa 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(4):1137-1152
Groundwater pollution by arsenic is a major health threat in suburban areas of Hanoi, Vietnam. The present study evaluates the effect of the sedimentary environments of the Pleistocene and Holocene deposits, and the recharge systems, on the groundwater arsenic pollution in Hanoi suburbs distant from the Red River. At two study sites (Linh Dam and Tai Mo communes), undisturbed soil cores identified a Pleistocene confined aquifer (PCA) and Holocene unconfined aquifer (HUA) as major aquifers, and Holocene estuarine and deltaic sediments as an aquitard layer between the two aquifers. The Holocene estuarine sediments (approximately 25–40 m depth, 9.6–4.8 cal ka BP) contained notably high concentrations of arsenic and organic matter, both likely to have been accumulated by mangroves during the Holocene sea-level highstand. The pore waters in these particular sediments exhibited elevated levels of arsenic and dissolved organic carbon. Arsenic in groundwater was higher in the PCA (25–94 μg/L) than in the HUA (5.2–42 μg/L), in both the monitoring wells and neighboring household tubewells. Elevated arsenic concentration in the PCA groundwater was likely due to vertical infiltration through the arsenic-rich and organic-matter-rich overlying Holocene estuarine sediments, caused by massive groundwater abstraction from the PCA. Countermeasures to prevent arsenic pollution of the PCA groundwater may include seeking alternative water resources, reducing water consumption, and/or appropriate choice of aquifers for groundwater supply. 相似文献
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The delta Wadi El-Arish area of the Sinai Peninsula is one of the most important parts of Egypt for industrial and agricultural expansion projects because of its relatively abundant supply of groundwater. This study focuses on the hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of the Quaternary aquifer in the delta Wadi El-Arish area and on the impacts pumping has had on groundwater quality. The objectives were to determine the relationships between groundwater pumping and water levels and water quality, to estimate the hydraulic parameters of the Quaternary aquifer, and to determine the hydrochemistry of groundwater in the Quaternary aquifer and its suitability for irrigation. The conclusions are: (1) potentiometric surface elevations have declined by an average of about 0.5 m since 1981 in response to an increase in pumping, (2) the transmissivity of the lower Pleistocene calcareous sandstone (kurkar) unit is higher than the transmissivity of the upper Pleistocene alluvium, (3) groundwater in the Pleistocene aquifer is augmented with groundwater leaking from the overlying Holocene sand dune deposits through the intervening sandy clay aquitard, (4) groundwater in the kurkar is of lower quality than groundwater in the alluvium, (5) total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations have increased by an average of about 1500 ppm since 1962, (6) an increase in saltwater intrusion has occurred in the northern part of the study area, and (7) the irrigation suitability of groundwater pumped from wells in much of the area is limited to salt tolerant crops. Our recommendations are: (1) no new pumping wells should be drilled and no increase in pumping rates should be allowed in the delta Wadi El-Arish area, (2) reliable estimates of the quantity of groundwater recharge should be made, (3) flood irrigation systems should be replaced by either drip or sprinkler 相似文献
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Lihe Yin Guangcai Hou XiaoSi Su Dong Wang Jiaqiu Dong Yonghong Hao Xiaoyong Wang 《Hydrogeology Journal》2011,19(2):429-443
The characteristics of δD and δ18O in precipitation, groundwater and surface water have been used to understand the groundwater flow system in the Ordos Plateau, north-central China. The slope of the local meteoric water line (LMWL) is smaller than that of the global meteoric water line (GMWL), which signifies secondary evaporation during rainfall. The distribution of stable isotopes of precipitation is influenced by temperature and the amount of precipitation. The lake water is enriched isotopically due to evaporation and its isotopic composition is closely related to the source of recharge and location in the groundwater flow systems. River water is enriched isotopically, indicating that it suffers evaporation. The deep groundwater (more than 150?m) is depleted in heavy isotopes relative to the shallow groundwater (less than 150?m), suggesting that deep groundwater may have been recharged during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, when the climate was wetter and colder than at present. All groundwater samples plot around the LMWL, implying groundwater is of meteoric origin. Shallow groundwater has undergone evaporation and the average evaporation loss is 53%. There are two recharge mechanisms: preferential flow, and the mixture of evaporated soil moisture and subsequent rain. 相似文献
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Arsenic contamination in groundwater affecting West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh is a serious environmental problem. Contamination
is extensive in the low-lying areas of Bhagirathi–Ganga delta, located mainly to the east of the Bhagirathi River. A few isolated
As-contaminated areas occur west of the Bhagirathi River and over the lower parts of the Damodar river fan-delta. The Damodar
being a Peninsular Indian river, the arsenic problem is not restricted to Himalayan rivers alone. Arsenic contamination in
the Bengal Delta is confined to the Holocene Younger Delta Plain and the alluvium that was deposited around 10,000–7,000 years
bp, under combined influence of the Holocene sea-level rise and rapid erosion in the Himalaya. Further, contaminated areas are
often located close to distribution of abandoned or existing channels, swamps, which are areas of surface water and biomass
accumulation. Extensive extraction of groundwater mainly from shallow aquifers cause recharge from nearby surface water bodies.
Infiltration of recharge water enriched in dissolved organic matter derived either from recently accumulated biomass and/or
from sediment organic matter enhanced reductive dissolution of hydrated iron oxide that are present mainly as sediment grain
coatings in the aquifers enhancing release of sorbed arsenic to groundwater. 相似文献
17.
黄河三角洲地下水咸化已成为区域最突出的生态环境问题之一。识别地下水补给及盐分来源是有效控制和改善地下水咸化问题的关键。本研究采集了研究区浅层地下水、地表水和海水等不同类型水样,利用离子比、Piper三线图、吉布斯图等方法对八大离子浓度、δD和δ18O 组成、Br和Sr 浓度等进行地下水补给研究与盐分来源辨析。结果表明:(1)黄河三角洲浅层地下水以总溶解性固体(TDS)为338 g/L的咸水为主,地下水水化学类型较为单一,主要为Cl-Na型。(2)三角洲区域地下水以大气降水补给为主,并且在补给过程中经历了不同程度的蒸发作用的影响,黄河现行流路区域地下水主要来源于河水侧渗补给,但浅层地下水含水层水平渗透性较差限制了黄河侧渗补给范围。(3)海洋是黄河三角洲浅层地下水盐分的主要来源,黄河现行流路区域及近岸地下水盐分来源于海水混合,三角洲北部刁口河等古河道区域地下水盐分主要来源于海相蒸发盐淋滤溶解。 相似文献
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滦河流域中上游富锶地下水成因类型与形成机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
承德市滦河流域富锶矿泉水资源丰富,成因类型多样,具有典型研究意义。通过水化学图解与多元统计分析、离子比值分析、矿物平衡体系分析,分析富锶地下水形成的地球化学背景,分区阐述富锶地下水水化学特征,探讨富锶地下水的形成机制。结果表明,研究区水化学类型以HCO3-Ca·Mg、HCO3·SO4-Ca、HCO3-Ca、HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg为主。富锶地下水的形成受地质构造格局和岩浆活动控制,地质建造锶元素丰度影响,水文地球化学条件制约。断裂构造和地层岩性控制着富锶地下水形成分布的总体特征,水文地质条件影响着地下水化学锶元素的地球化学响应机制。地下水锶富集来源为含水介质长石矿物、碳酸盐矿物的风化溶解和阳离子交换吸附作用,矿泉水出露机制分为构造断裂深循环淋溶型、裂隙浅循环淋溶型、补给富集埋藏型3种类型。坝上高原孔隙裂隙水系统富锶地下水形成作用主要受大气降水和溶滤作用控制,滦河中上游裂隙水系统地下水阳离子交换吸附作用强烈,滦河中游孔隙岩溶裂隙水系统地下水化学主要受溶滤作用控制,蒸发浓缩作用和人为活动影响。 相似文献
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中国北方第四系地下水同位素分层及其指示意义 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
中国北方第四系地下水中的D, 18O, 3H和14C含量存在明显的分层现象, 这种现象与末次冰期以来的古气候变化有着较好的对应性, 反映了全新世和末次冰期气候条件的差别以及地下水不同的形成机制.深层地下水为晚更新世末次冰期时期形成, 其δ(D) 和δ(18O) 值与全新世补给形成的浅层地下水相比, 分别贫4× 10-3~ 16× 10-3和1× 10-3~ 2× 10-3, 说明末次冰期时期年均气温较低.古地下水中D和18O的大陆梯度与全新世以来地下水中的梯度基本相同, 说明在过去30000a来尽管气温发生变化, 但中国北方大陆的大气循环模式没有发生实质性的改变.地下水同位素分层现象反映了3种不同的补给机制及参与现代水循环程度.这些信息对大陆尺度上的水循环研究和地下水的可持续开发利用有着重要的意义. 相似文献
20.
Amor Ben Moussa Sarra Bel Haj Salem Kamel Zouari Faycel Jelassi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(20):446
The major ion hydrochemistry, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage, and isotopic signatures of Hammamet-Nabeul groundwaters were used to identify the processes that control the mineralization, irrigation suitability, and origin of different water bodies. This investigation highlights that groundwater mineralization is mainly influenced by water-rock interaction and pollution by the return flow of irrigation water. The comparison of groundwater quality with irrigation suitability standards proves that most parts of groundwater are unacceptable for irrigation and this long-term practice may result in a significant increase of the salinity and alkalinity in the soils. Based on isotopic signatures, the shallow aquifer groundwater samples were classified into (i) waters with depleted δ18O and δ2H contents, highlighting recharge by modern precipitation, and (ii) waters with enriched stable isotope contents, reflecting the significance of recharge by contaminated water derived from the return flow of evaporated irrigation waters. The deep-aquifer groundwater samples were also classified into (i) waters with relatively enriched isotope contents derived from modern recharge and mixed with shallow-aquifer groundwater and (ii) waters with depleted stable isotope contents reflecting a paleoclimatic origin. Tritium data permit to identify three origins of recharge, i.e., contemporaneous, post-nuclear, and pre-nuclear. Carbon-14 activities demonstrate the existence of old paleoclimatic recharge related to the Holocene and Late Pleistocene humid periods. 相似文献