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1.
Integrating GPS and GLONASS to accelerate convergence and initialization times of precise point positioning 总被引：11，自引：7，他引：4
The main challenge of dual-frequency precise point positioning (PPP) is that it requires about 30 min to obtain centimeter-level accuracy or to succeed in the first ambiguity-fixing. Currently, PPP is generally conducted with GPS only using the ionosphere-free combination. We adopt a single-differenced (SD) between-satellite PPP model to combine the GPS and GLONASS raw dual-frequency carrier phase measurements, in which the GPS satellite with the highest elevation is selected as the reference satellite to form the SD between-satellite measurements. We use a 7-day data set from 178 IGS stations to investigate the contribution of GLONASS observations to both ambiguity-float and ambiguity-fixed SD PPP solutions, in both kinematic and static modes. In ambiguity-fixed PPP, we only attempt to fix GPS integer ambiguities, leaving GLONASS ambiguities as float values. Numerous experimental results show that PPP with GLONASS and GPS requires much less convergence time than that of PPP with GPS alone. For ambiguity-float PPP, the average convergence time can be reduced by 45.9 % from 22.9 to 12.4 min in static mode and by 57.9 % from 40.6 to 17.7 min in kinematic mode, respectively. For ambiguity-fixed PPP, the average time to the first-fixed solution can be reduced by 27.4 % from 21.6 to 15.7 min in static mode and by 42.0 % from 34.4 to 20.0 min in kinematic mode, respectively. Experimental results also show that the less the GPS satellites are used in float PPP, the more significant is the reduction in convergence time when adding GLONASS observations. In addition, on average, more than 4 GLONASS satellites can be observed for most 2-h observation sessions. Nearly, the same improvement in convergence time reduction is achieved for those observations. 相似文献
2.
文中在GPS精密单点定位（PPP）理论与方法的基础上,给出了多系统组合的精密单点定位技术观测模型,采用GPS、GLONASS、GALILEO、BDS 四大卫星导航定位系统的实测数据,研究并分析了四系统组合PPP的定位性能。结果表明,多系统PPP精度较单系统有很大提高,GPS+GLONASS+GALILEO+BDS四系统组合动态PPP在三个方向平均偏差约为0.7 cm、0.6 cm和1.7 cm,收敛时间为15～20 min左右,并且多系统PPP在截止高度角增大时,依然有充足的卫星数量,当截止高度角达到30°时,依然能达到cm级定位精度,对机载动态数据进行PPP解算结果显示,四系统组合解算的结果与利用GrafMov的解算结果符合得最好,优于其他双系统和单系统PPP的精度。 相似文献
3.
The quality of real-time GPS positions based on the method of precise point positioning (PPP) heavily depends on the availability and accuracy of GPS satellite orbits and satellite clock corrections. Satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) provide such corrections but they are actually intended to be used for wide area differential GPS with positioning results on the 1-m accuracy level. Nevertheless, carrier phase-based PPP is able to achieve much more accurate results with the same correction values. We applied SBAS corrections for dual-frequency PPP and compared the results with PPP obtained using other real-time correction data streams, for example, the GPS broadcast message and precise corrections from the French Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales and the German Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt. Among the three existing SBAS, the best results were achieved for the North American wide area augmentation system (WAAS): horizontal and vertical position accuracies were considerably smaller than 10 cm for static 24-h observation data sets and smaller than 30 cm for epoch-by-epoch solutions with 2 h of continuous observations. The European geostationary navigation overlay service and the Japanese multi-functional satellite augmentation system yield positioning results with biases of several tens of centimeters and variations larger by factors of 2–4 as compared to WAAS. 相似文献
4.
随着GPS卫星轨道、钟差及各种误差修正模型的不断精化,静态精密单点定位(PPP)定位精度达到mm级,进行电离层延迟高阶项较小量级的误差改正研究,对改进PPP数据处理策略具有重要的参考价值。本文利用分布在不同地理纬度的5个IGS跟踪站3天的观测数据,对比分析了电离层延迟二阶项、三阶项对GPS观测值精度及静态PPP定位精度的影响。分析结果表明,电离层延迟二阶项、三阶项对GPS观测值精度的影响分别为cm级和mm级,对低纬度地区PPP定位精度的影响大于3 mm,但对中高纬度的测站观测值、定位精度的影响比低纬度地区小很多。 相似文献
5.
由于北斗系统卫星正式完成组网,因此有必要对BDS系统性能进行精度评估与分析。本文选取了MGEX网所采集的31 d观测数据,对比分析了GPS、BDS、GPS+BDS不同情况下静态与动态精密单点定位精度。试验结果表明,GPS和BDS单系统静态PPP在N、E、U方向上的精度分别优于4、4、7 cm;GPS+BDS组合系统静态PPP在N、E、U方向上的精度分别优于3、3、6 cm;GPS单系统动态PPP在N、E、U方向上的精度分别优于5、5、10 cm;BDS单系统动态PPP在N、E、U方向上的精度分别优于5、6、12 cm;GPS+BDS组合系统动态PPP在N、E、U方向上的精度分别优于4、4、8 cm。因此组合系统相对于单系统可提高定位的稳定性和定位精度,尤其在动态PPP的情况下,组合系统的优势更为明显。 相似文献
6.
由于北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)已完成正式组网,有必要对BDS的定位性能进行精度评估与分析. 本文主要通过在MGEX (Multi-GNSS Experiment)选取8个测站5天的观测数据,以北斗二号/北斗三号(BDS-2/BDS-3)为主分析BDS-2/BDS-3、BDS-2/BDS-3/Galileo、BDS-2/BDS-3/GPS、BDS-2/BDS-3/GPS/Galileo四种不同组合卫星系统静态精密单点定位(PPP)性能,试验结果表明:BDS-2/BDS-3静态PPP在东(E)、北(N)、天顶(U)方向上的定位精度和收敛速度分别优于2.49 cm、2.27 cm、4.04 cm和34.6 min、19.3 min、28.1 min;BDS-2/BDS-3/Galileo静态PPP在E、N、U方向上的定位精度和收敛速度分别优于1.81 cm、1.65 cm、2.94 cm和20.4 min、13.0 min、18.6 min;BDS-2/BDS-3/GPS静态PPP在E、N、U方向上的定位精度和收敛速度分别优于1.67 cm、1.62 cm、2.82 cm和18.3 min、10.2 min、16.1 min;BDS-2/BDS-3/GPS/Galileo静态PPP在E、N、U方向上的定位精度和收敛速度分别优于1.46 cm、1.40 cm、2.45 cm和14.5 min、9.3 min、14.5 min. 相似文献
7.
Initial results of precise orbit and clock determination for COMPASS navigation satellite system 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
Qile Zhao Jing Guo Min Li Lizhong Qu Zhigang Hu Chuang Shi Jingnan Liu 《Journal of Geodesy》2013,87(5):475-486
The development of the COMPASS satellite system is introduced, and the regional tracking network and data availability are described. The precise orbit determination strategy of COMPASS satellites is presented. Data of June 2012 are processed. The obtained orbits are evaluated by analysis of post-fit residuals, orbit overlap comparison and SLR (satellite laser ranging) validation. The RMS (root mean square) values of post-fit residuals for one month’s data are smaller than 2.0 cm for ionosphere-free phase measurements and 2.6 m for ionosphere-free code observations. The 48-h orbit overlap comparison shows that the RMS values of differences in the radial component are much smaller than 10 cm and those of the cross-track component are smaller than 20 cm. The SLR validation shows that the overall RMS of observed minus computed residuals is 68.5 cm for G01 and 10.8 cm for I03. The static and kinematic PPP solutions are produced to further evaluate the accuracy of COMPASS orbit and clock products. The static daily COMPASS PPP solutions achieve an accuracy of better than 1 cm in horizontal and 3 cm in vertical. The accuracy of the COMPASS kinematic PPP solutions is within 1–2 cm in the horizontal and 4–7 cm in the vertical. In addition, we find that the COMPASS kinematic solutions are generally better than the GPS ones for the selected location. Furthermore, the COMPASS/GPS combinations significantly improve the accuracy of GPS only PPP solutions. The RMS values are basically smaller than 1 cm in the horizontal components and 3–4 cm in the vertical component. 相似文献
8.
To ensure the consistent use of the current GPS precise satellite clock products, the inter-frequency clock bias (IFCB) should be carefully considered for triple-frequency precise point positioning (PPP). It is beneficial to investigate the modeling of the IFCB for multi-frequency PPP, especially for real-time users suffering from difficulties in real-time IFCB estimations. Our analysis is based on datasets from 129 stations spanning a whole year. A harmonic analysis is performed for all single-day IFCB time series, and periodic IFCB variations with periods of 12, 8, 6, 4.8, 4 and 3 h are identified. An empirical model composed of a sixth-order harmonic function and a linear function is presented to describe daily variations in the IFCB, and the modeling accuracy is 4 mm. A least squares fit is adopted to estimate the single-day harmonic coefficients phase and amplitude. The prediction accuracy of the IFCB models degrades from 7.2 to 12.3 mm when the time span of prediction is increased from a day to a week. When using IFCB models of the previous day to obtain the IFCB correction values, the positioning accuracy of triple-frequency PPP is improved by 21, 11 and 16% over the triple-frequency PPP neglecting the IFCB in the post-processing mode in the east, north and up directions, respectively. As to the real-time triple-frequency PPP, the corresponding accuracy improvement is 24, 9 and 10% in the three directions, respectively. 相似文献
9.
10.
在复杂艰险地区的铁路沿线上全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)基准站相对较少且稀疏,如何获得该场景下测站点的高精度位置信息是亟待解决的重大问题. 论文以GPS系统为例,利用铁路沿线上7个GNSS测站点(14个观测时段)分别开展了卫星跟踪数和位置精度因子(PDOP)评估,观测数据的可靠性、高精度性验证以及固定解精密单点定位(PPP)技术研究. 试验结果表明:1) 在所有时间段内卫星平均跟踪数约分布在5.14～9.07颗,PDOP平均值约分布在2.19～5.72 cm,具有较高地定位可用性;2) 模糊度固定的PPP可进一步改善铁路环境下的单点定位精度. 当观测时间约为90 min时,其在水平方向和高程方向上可分别实现优于10 cm和15 cm的解算精度,且相对于浮点解,三维方向上的定位精度可提升约35.43%. 该研究可为复杂铁路场景下的勘测和施工阶段提供高精度的测站位置信息. 相似文献
11.
PPP/PPP-RTK新进展与北斗/GNSS PPP定位性能比较 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：9
首先简要回顾了精密单点定位（PPP）技术在最近几年的发展现状,重点总结了高采样率钟差实时快速估计、多系统组合PPP模糊度固定、多频GNSS PPP模型及其模糊度固定、PPP快速初始化、PPP-RTK等若干热点方向的最新研究进展。在此基础上,利用目前四大卫星导航系统（GPS、GLONASS、Galileo、北斗）最新的实际观测数据,全面比较分析了各系统及多系统组合PPP定位性能,重点给出了北斗二号+北斗三号PPP浮点解和固定解的定位精度、收敛时间和首次固定时间。结果表明：我国北斗导航卫星系统已经可以实现与其他导航卫星系统基本相当的PPP定位性能。北斗二号+北斗三号组合PPP的收敛时间/首次固定时间20~30 min;静态解的东、北、天方向定位精度在毫米到厘米级;动态解水平方向约5 cm,高程方向约7 cm;多系统组合可显著提高PPP定位精度、收敛时间和首次固定时间：固定解定位精度比浮点解在东、北、天方向分别提升了14.8%、12.0%和12.8%;相比单GPS,多系统组合PPP浮点解的收敛时间和固定解首次固定时间分别缩短了36.5%和40.4%。 相似文献
12.
BDS/GPS精密单点定位收敛时间与定位精度的比较 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
采用武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心发布的北斗精密卫星轨道和钟差,在TriP 2.0软件的基础上实现了BDS PPP定位算法,并利用大量实测数据进行了BDS/GPS静态PPP和动态PPP浮点解试验。结果表明,BDS静态PPP的收敛时间约为80min,动态PPP的收敛时间为100min;对于3h的观测数据,静态PPP收敛后定位精度优于5cm,动态PPP收敛后水平方向优于8cm,高程方向约12cm;与GPS PPP类似,东分量上定位精度较北分量稍差。当前由于BDS的全球跟踪站有限,精密轨道和钟差精度不如GPS,因此BDS PPP的收敛时间较GPS长,但收敛后可实现厘米至分米级的绝对定位。 相似文献
13.
Precise relative positioning using real tracking data from COMPASS GEO and IGSO satellites 总被引：14，自引：5，他引：9
China completed a basic COMPASS navigation network with three Geostationary and three Inclined Geosynchronous satellites in orbit in April 2011. The network has been able to provide preliminary positioning and navigation functions. We first present a quality analysis using 1-week COMPASS measurements collected in Wuhan. Satellite visibility and validity of measurements, carrier-to-noise density ratio and code noise are analyzed. The analysis of multipath combinations shows that the noise level of COMPASS code measurements is higher than that of GPS collected using the same receiver. Second, the results of positioning are presented and analyzed. For the standalone COMPASS solutions, an accuracy of 20 m can be achieved. An accuracy of 3.0 m for the vertical, 1.5 m for the North and about 0.6–0.8 m for the East component is obtained using dual-frequency code only measurements for a short baseline. More importantly, code and phase measurements of the short baseline are processed together to obtain precise relative positioning. Kinematic solutions are then compared with the ground truth. The precision of COMPASS only solutions is better than 2 cm for the North component and 4 cm for the vertical. The standard deviation of the East component is smaller than 1 cm, which is even better than that of the East component of GPS solutions. The accuracy of GPS/COMPASS combination solutions is at least 20 % better than that of GPS alone. Furthermore, the geometry-based residuals of double differenced phase and code measurements are analyzed. The analysis shows that the noise level of un-differenced phase measurements is about 2–4 mm on both B1 and B2 frequencies. For the code measurements, the noise level is less than 0.45 m for B1 CA and about 0.35 m for B2 P code. Many of the COMPASS results presented are very promising and have been obtained for the first time. 相似文献
14.
A combination of GPS and GLONASS observations can offer improved reliability, availability and accuracy for precise point positioning (PPP). We present and analyze a combined GPS/GLONASS PPP model, including both functional and stochastic components. Numerical comparison and analysis are conducted with respect to PPP based on only GPS or GLONASS observations to demonstrate the benefits of the combined GPS/GLONASS PPP. The observation residuals are analyzed for more appropriate stochastic modeling for observations from different navigation systems. An analysis is also made using different precise orbit and clock products. The performance of the combined GPS/GLONASS PPP is assessed using both static and kinematic data. The results indicate that the convergence time can be significantly reduced with the addition of GLONASS data. The positioning accuracy, however, is not significantly improved by adding GLONASS data if there is a sufficient number of GPS satellites with good geometry. 相似文献
15.
Kinematic positions of Low Earth Orbiters based on GPS tracking are frequently used as pseudo-observations for single satellite gravity field determination. Unfortunately, the accuracy of the satellite trajectory is partly limited because the receiver synchronization error has to be estimated along with the kinematic coordinates at every observation epoch. We review the requirements for GPS receiver clock modeling in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and analyze its impact on kinematic orbit determination for the two satellites of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission using both simulated and real data. We demonstrate that a piecewise linear parameterization can be used to model the ultra-stable oscillators that drive the GPS receivers on board of the GRACE satellites. Using such a continuous clock model allows position estimation even if the number of usable GPS satellites drops to three and improves the robustness of the solution with respect to outliers. Furthermore, simulations indicate a potential accuracy improvement of the satellite trajectory of at least 40 % in the radial direction and up to 7 % in the along-track and cross-track directions when a 60-s piecewise linear clock model is estimated instead of epoch-wise independent receiver clock offsets. For PPP with real GRACE data, the accuracy evaluation is hampered by the lack of a reference orbit of significantly higher accuracy. However, comparisons with a smooth reduced-dynamic orbit indicate a significant reduction of the high-frequency noise in the radial component of the kinematic orbit. 相似文献
16.
At present, reliable ambiguity resolution in real-time GPS precise point positioning (PPP) can only be achieved after an initial observation period of a few tens of minutes. In this study, we propose a method where the incoming triple-frequency GPS signals are exploited to enable rapid convergences to ambiguity-fixed solutions in real-time PPP. Specifically, extra-wide-lane ambiguity resolution can be first achieved almost instantaneously with the Melbourne-Wübbena combination observable on L2 and L5. Then the resultant unambiguous extra-wide-lane carrier-phase is combined with the wide-lane carrier-phase on L1 and L2 to form an ionosphere-free observable with a wavelength of about 3.4 m. Although the noise of this observable is around 100 times the raw carrier-phase noise, its wide-lane ambiguity can still be resolved very efficiently, and the resultant ambiguity-fixed observable can assist much better than pseudorange in speeding up succeeding narrow-lane ambiguity resolution. To validate this method, we use an advanced hardware simulator to generate triple-frequency signals and a high-grade receiver to collect 1-Hz data. When the carrier-phase precisions on L1, L2 and L5 are as poor as 1.5, 6.3 and 1.5 mm, respectively, wide-lane ambiguity resolution can still reach a correctness rate of over 99 % within 20 s. As a result, the correctness rate of narrow-lane ambiguity resolution achieves 99 % within 65 s, in contrast to only 64 % within 150 s in dual-frequency PPP. In addition, we also simulate a multipath-contaminated data set and introduce new ambiguities for all satellites every 120 s. We find that when multipath effects are strong, ambiguity-fixed solutions are achieved at 78 % of all epochs in triple-frequency PPP whilst almost no ambiguities are resolved in dual-frequency PPP. Therefore, we demonstrate that triple-frequency PPP has the potential to achieve ambiguity-fixed solutions within a few minutes, or even shorter if raw carrier-phase precisions are around 1 mm. In either case, we conclude that the efficiency of ambiguity resolution in triple-frequency PPP is much higher than that in dual-frequency PPP. 相似文献
17.
Assessment of correct fixing rate for precise point positioning ambiguity resolution on a global scale 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Ambiguity resolution (AR) for a single receiver has been a popular topic in Global Positioning System (GPS) recently. Ambiguity-resolution methods for precise point positioning (PPP) have been well documented in recent years, demonstrating that it can improve the accuracy of PPP. However, users are often concerned about the reliability of ambiguity-fixed PPP solution in practical applications. If ambiguities are fixed to wrong integers, large errors would be introduced into position estimates. In this paper, we aim to assess the correct fixing rate (CFR), i.e., number of ambiguities correctly fixing to the total number of ambiguities correctly and incorrectly fixing, for PPP user ambiguity resolution on a global scale. A practical procedure is presented to evaluate the CFR of PPP user ambiguity resolution. GPS data of the first 3 days in each month of 2010 from about 390 IGS stations are used for experiments. Firstly, we use GPS data collected from about 320 IGS stations to estimate global single-differenced (SD) wide-lane and narrow-lane satellite uncalibrated phase delays (UPDs). The quality of UPDs is evaluated. We found that wide-lane UPD estimates have a rather small standard deviation (Std) between 0.003 and 0.004 cycles while most of Std of narrow-lane estimates are from 0.01 to 0.02 cycles. Secondly, many experiments have been conducted to investigate the CFR of integer ambiguity resolution we can achieve under different conditions, including reference station density, observation session length and the ionospheric activity. The results show that the CFR of PPP can exceed 98.0 % with only 1 h of observations for most user stations. No obvious correlation between the CFR and the reference station density is found. Therefore, nearly homogeneous CFR can be achieved in PPP AR for global users. At user end, higher CFR could be achieved with longer observations. The average CFR for 30-min, 1-h, 2-h and 4-h observation is 92.3, 98.2, 99.5 and 99.7 %, respectively. In order to get acceptable CFR, 1 h is a recommended minimum observation time. Furthermore, the CFR of PPP can be affected by diurnal variation and geomagnetic latitude variation in the ionosphere. During one day at the hours when rapid ionospheric variations occur or in low geomagnetic latitude regions where equatorial electron density irregularities are produced relatively frequently, a significant degradation of the CFR is demonstrated. 相似文献
18.
The combination of GPS measurements and high-fidelity dynamic models via a Kalman filter/smoother, known as the reduced dynamic technique, allows 3D positioning of Low Earth Orbiters to the sub-decimeter level. Such accuracies can only be achieved if the GPS data are nearly continuous, post-processed and a dual-frequency receiver is utilized. The focus of this study is to quantitatively analyze the degradations in position accuracy in the presence of various limitations or constraints, which can be brought on by mission hardware limitations, for example, on micro- or nanosatellites. The constraints explored in this study are as follows: the use of single-frequency data only; real-time processing; limited dynamic modeling due to computing capabilities; and non-continuous GPS receiver operation due to power limits. The experiments are conducted with 6-h data arcs for 7 separate days using data from the CHAllenging Mini-Satellite Payload. A 3D root mean square (rms) error of 15 cm is observed in the best-case solution, in which dual-frequency data are post-processed with all available data. Various levels of accuracy degradations are observed as constraints are placed on this best-case solution. The 3D rms error of the post-processed, single-frequency solution is 68 cm and 1.3 m for the real-time, dual-frequency solution. In very challenging environments, for example, with the receiver on for only 10 min of a 90-min orbit, the 3D rms increases to 350 m. 相似文献
19.
Ambiguity resolved precise point positioning with GPS and BeiDou 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
This paper focuses on the contribution of the global positioning system (GPS) and BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) observations to precise point positioning (PPP) ambiguity resolution (AR). A GPS + BDS fractional cycle bias (FCB) estimation method and a PPP AR model were developed using integrated GPS and BDS observations. For FCB estimation, the GPS + BDS combined PPP float solutions of the globally distributed IGS MGEX were first performed. When integrating GPS observations, the BDS ambiguities can be precisely estimated with less than four tracked BDS satellites. The FCBs of both GPS and BDS satellites can then be estimated from these precise ambiguities. For the GPS + BDS combined AR, one GPS and one BDS IGSO or MEO satellite were first chosen as the reference satellite for GPS and BDS, respectively, to form inner-system single-differenced ambiguities. The single-differenced GPS and BDS ambiguities were then fused by partial ambiguity resolution to increase the possibility of fixing a subset of decorrelated ambiguities with high confidence. To verify the correctness of the FCB estimation and the effectiveness of the GPS + BDS PPP AR, data recorded from about 75 IGS MGEX stations during the period of DOY 123-151 (May 3 to May 31) in 2015 were used for validation. Data were processed with three strategies: BDS-only AR, GPS-only AR and GPS + BDS AR. Numerous experimental results show that the time to first fix (TTFF) is longer than 6 h for the BDS AR in general and that the fixing rate is usually less than 35 % for both static and kinematic PPP. An average TTFF of 21.7 min and 33.6 min together with a fixing rate of 98.6 and 97.0 % in static and kinematic PPP, respectively, can be achieved for GPS-only ambiguity fixing. For the combined GPS + BDS AR, the average TTFF can be shortened to 16.9 min and 24.6 min and the fixing rate can be increased to 99.5 and 99.0 % in static and kinematic PPP, respectively. Results also show that GPS + BDS PPP AR outperforms single-system PPP AR in terms of convergence time and position accuracy. 相似文献
20.
针对GNSS多系统组合进行PPP定位的问题,推导了基于UofC模型的多系统组合PPP的函数模型和随机模型。最后采用IGS观测站30 d的部分观测数据对不同组合模式的PPP进行了解算。试验分析结果表明：GNSS多系统组合PPP收敛时间与GPS单系统相比可以缩短30%~50%。对于定位精度,在观测时长较短时（如0.5 h）,GNSS多系统组合PPP整体上具有较优的定位精度,N、E方向偏差和标准差分别为0.3、0.5 cm和1.9、4.3 cm,短时间内由于对流层参数与垂直方向的强相关性,使得U方向精度稍差。此外,在卫星高度截止角大于40°的条件下,单系统可见卫星数不足从而导致无法进行连续定位,但多系统组合具有更多的可视卫星,仍能获得较好的定位精度,使其在建筑物密集区、山区和卫星遮挡较为严重的恶劣条件下具有实际应用价值。 相似文献