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随着近几年南极磷虾渔业的快速发展,南极海洋生物资源养护委员会(CCAMLR)正在抓紧建立反馈式管理(FBM)机制,以预防和控制磷虾渔业对南大洋局部生态系统可能产生的负面影响,介绍了CCAMLR南极磷虾渔业反馈式管理的基本概念和理论框架,梳理了反馈式管理工作开展的具体进程;侧重阐述了近期反馈式管理的两类模式策略,分析了反馈式管理关注的科学问题和基础理论、方法;提出我国渔业相关机构应积极储备科学数据和理论,参与反馈式管理建设,以适应未来南极磷虾渔业新的管理模式,促进我国南极磷虾渔业的可持续发展。 相似文献
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对2002年1月份在南极普里兹湾海域三条断面(68.5°E、70.5°E和73°E)用IKMT网采集的幼体后期南极磷虾(E.superba)的水平分布和种群结构进行了研究。南极磷虾主要位于64°S以南的海域,64°S以北磷虾数量很少。南极磷虾的平均丰度和生物量分别为68.85 ind.1 000 m-3和24.16 g.1 000 m-3,丰度和生物量最高的4个站位均位于深海区。调查海域内南极磷虾的体长范围在30—53 mm之间(N=1 758),平均体长为38.45±3.68 mm(SD)。南极磷虾的雌性比例接近1∶1,雌体占47.6%(次成体31.9%;成体5.7%),雄体占46.6%(次成体42.7%;成体3.9%),未成体占5.8%。南极磷虾种群结构存在地域差异,调查海域西部未成体比例较高、雄体发育状态较低,而东部情况相反;70.5°E和73°E的站位磷虾种群结构存在纬度差异,高纬度区域磷虾体长较短,雌雄比例较高;低纬度区域体长较长,雌雄比例较低。 相似文献
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基于2013年2—3月南极普里兹湾南极大磷虾(Euphausia superba)样品的复眼直径和体长数据,使用Normsep方法对大磷虾种群年龄结构组成进行分离研究,结果表明:利用复眼直径和体长数据分离出的大磷虾年龄组均为1+—4+龄,群体年龄以2+龄为主;复眼直径的分离效果优于体长,其结果更为可靠;1+—3+龄磷虾复眼直径平均值分布范围为1.21—1.40 mm、1.59—1.76 mm和1.93—2.08 mm,4+龄复眼直径约为2.23 mm;从20世纪80年代至今,普里兹湾附近海域大磷虾各年龄组的平均体长分布变化不大,表明大磷虾种群体长特征稳定,其资源状况较好。 相似文献
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本文主要根据 1 990 /1 991年度中国南极考察队南大洋调查所获的探鱼仪的磷虾映像资料 ,经 WT- 2图像处理系统处理分析 ,结果表明 ,1 990 /1 991年度南极夏季 ,普里兹湾外海域 (6 2°- 6 9°S,6 8°- 1 0 8°E)的磷虾主要分布在 6 1°- 6 5°S,1 0 3°- 1 0 8°E海区 ,该海区的探鱼仪记录的磷虾群映像的面积占整个调查海区的 92 .3 2 %,磷虾群的分布水层主要在 3 0 - 6 0 m水层 ,在一天 2 4小时中 ,磷虾群映像面积的形心基本在 40 m层上下起伏 ,波动幅度约 1 0 m左右。在调查海区 (6 2°- 6 9°S,6 8°- 1 0 8°E)内 ,估算磷虾资源现存量为 2 2 0 0万吨 ,磷虾分布密度平均为 3 2 .5 t/km2。 相似文献
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初步鉴定南极长城湾及其附近水域浮游动物 3 5种。南极种挠足类 Calanus propinquus、Calanoidesacutus、Metrdia gerlachei和南极磷虾幼体为调查区的优势种。结果表明 ,调查水域浮游动物种类单纯 ,符合南极水域浮游动物分布的一般规律。调查水域浮游动物总生物量和个体数量具明显的季节变化。夏季主要有 Calanioidisacatus和南极磷虾幼体组成 ,冬季主要有 Metr-dia gerlacher、Calanus propinquus、Oithon similis、O.frigda及南极磷虾幼体组成。挠足类拟成体的数量在各月份中占相当大的比例。水温是制约浮游动物生物量的重要因素。 相似文献
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根据2003—2010年南极磷虾48.2区产量数据结合该区域海冰和SST数据,分析了磷虾产量的时空分布,探讨了海冰和SST对南极磷虾资源丰度的影响。结果表明,48.2区的渔汛期为3—7月,主要作业时间为2—8月,产量约占该渔区年产量的99.3%。回归分析表明,磷虾CPUE变动与海冰和SST面积变化关系明显。磷虾CPUE与海冰总面积年间变化呈现显著的负相关(R=0.80),与海冰密集度为90%—100%的海冰面积负相关系数最大(R=0.84);年内变化关系则为一元二次多项式回归模型,CPUE随海冰面积的递增先增大后减小,与海冰密集度为60%—70%的海冰面积相关系数最大(R=0.94)。磷虾CPUE与SST为-2—3℃时的总面积年间变化负相关性不显著(R=0.46),但与SST为1—2℃时的面积呈现显著的负相关(R=0.91);年内变化关系也为一元二次多项式回归模型,CPUE随SST面积的递增先增大后减小,与SST为0—1℃时的面积相关系数最大(R=0.97)。 相似文献
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1999 2 0 0 0年的南极夏季 ,在普里兹湾地区进行了南极磷虾 (Euphausiasuperba)的现场采样。采样站位共 1 5个 ,分布在由近岸到深海的三条经向断面上。采样中在 1 4个站位都有南极磷虾出现 ,但大多数站位磷虾的密度都很低。样品的组成主要是幼体后期的南极磷虾。整个调查海区南极磷虾的平均数值密度和重量密度分别为 1 6 .1 7尾 1 0 0 0m3 和 1 2 .0 2g 1 0 0 0m3 。在调查区域内除密度最大的站位在深海区外 ,其他密度较大的站位主要分布于陆坡区 ,而在陆架区的唯一的站位没有发现南极磷虾。测量和分析的结果表明 ,陆坡区南极磷虾的生长状态好于深海区 ,但就整个调查海区来说 ,南极磷虾处于正常生长状态。对调查期间普里兹湾的环境因素的分析结果表明 ,调查中三个磷虾密度较大的站位 (Ⅱ - 3 ,Ⅲ - 6 ,Ⅳ - 8)的分布似乎与 75m深处的冷水团及 2 5m深处的叶绿素低值中心和叶绿素高值中心的交汇区有关。 相似文献
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根据2016/2017年度南设得兰群岛海域夏季航次的浮游动物数据以及环境因子数据,初步分析了浮游动物的群落组成、丰度、多样性以及与环境因子的关系。结果显示,调查海域共检测出24种浮游动物物种(类群),浮游动物群落总丰度为1095.51 ind·m-3,主要由尖角似哲水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、南极大磷虾以及南极纽鳃樽等组成。表层温度是对浮游动物分布影响较强的环境因子之一,与上述的浮游动物优势物种的丰度均呈正相关。浮游动物的群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数与表层温度呈负相关关系。南大洋西南极海域近些年的显著升温可能会促进夏季南设得兰群岛海域优势浮游动物的增长,进而导致群落的多样性及均匀度的下降。本研究将有利于深入探析南极磷虾重要渔区浮游动物的群落组成和优势物种分布,并从基底生态学参数的角度为探究磷虾渔场的形成提供数据。 相似文献
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南极周边海域蕴藏着丰富的南极磷虾资源,其开发潜力受到世界各国的关注。为此,本研究基于南极海洋生物资源养护委员会(CCAMLR)统计数据分析了近几年南极磷虾渔业国家发展状况,并研究了南极磷虾渔业捕捞结构的变化特点。结果发现:(1)受捕捞技术及装备的限制,南极磷虾传统渔业国家——波兰、日本及乌克兰等正逐渐淡出开发行列;(2)随着挪威、中国及智利等新兴国家的加入,南极磷虾入渔船舶和渔业产量呈上升趋势;(3)南极磷虾全年均有生产,其中3—9月份渔获产量占总产量的70%—90%;(4)受综合环境因素和新的渔业管理措施影响,CCAMLR 48.1、48.2和48.3小区渔获产量年间波动变大,渔场选择难度增大;(5)传统的大规模科学调查模式已不适应该资源变化与渔业管理的要求,科学性渔业调查将成为今后南极磷虾资源调查与评估的重要补充。 相似文献
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Feeding habits of harp and hooded seals in drift ice waters along the east coast of Greenland in summer and winter 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Results of analyses of stomach and intestinal contents from hooded ( Cystophora cristata ) and harp ( Phoca groenlandica ) seals captured in the pack ice belt of the Greenland Sea in summer (July-August) in 2000 and winter (February-March) in 2001 revealed that the diet of both species were comprised of relatively few prey taxa. Pelagic amphipods of the genus Parathemisto , the squid Gonatus fabricii , polar cod ( Boreogadus saida ) and capelin ( Mallotus villosus ) constituted 63-99% of the observed diet biomass in both seal species, irrespective of sampling period, but their relative contribution to the diet varied both with species and sampling period/area. For hooded seals, G. fabricii and capelin were the dominant food items in winter 2001, but the summer 2000 diet comprised a mixture of this squid and polar cod. Parathemisto was most important for the harp seals during summer 2000; in winter 2001 the contribution from krill and capelin were comparable to that of Parathemisto . Multivariate analyses revealed differences in the intestinal contents of hooded and harp seals in areas where the two species' occurrence spatially overlapped. Different foraging depths of the two species may have contributed to the observed differences in diets. 相似文献
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A total of 284 ringed seals (Phoca hispida) were sampled to determine their diet in the spring of 1981 and 1982. Few seals contained identifiable stomach contents. No significant age-or sex-related differences in choice of prey were found. It seems that in spring northwestern Spitsbergen ringed seals prey upon arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) , decapods and larger amphipods.? Diet, ringed seal, Svalbard . 相似文献
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骆驼蓬属（Peganum L.）种子氨基酸组成及其系统学意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文分析了我国西北地区骆驼蓬属植物种子中总氨基酸和游离氨基酸的组成。结果表明：均以天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、缬氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸为主要组成。其中，苏氨酸含量最高。分别达２８．６３％和２６．１５％。在一定意义上反映了该分类群的同源性和遗传稳定性。多裂骆驼蓬在精氨酸和亮氨酸的含量上与骆驼蓬有较显著差异，为该种的独立提供了又一佐证。不同生境下，多裂骆驼蓬种子中游离脯氨酸含量随干旱胁迫减弱而降低 相似文献
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Inuit hunting techniques used to catch ringed seals ( Phoca hispida ) were observed April-June 1993 on the land-fast ice of Admiralty Inlet, Nunavut, and adjoining fjords and bays. In addition, a survey of hunting techniques and knowledge of ringed seal biology and behaviour was conducted in the community of Arctic Bay (Ikpiarjuk), Nunavut, January-February 1994. A total of 246 seal structures were found in 31 days of hunting and 34 successful kills were observed. An experienced Inuk hunter found subnivean structures by sight, by walking on drifts and by probing snowdrifts with a harpoon ( unaaq ). Most structures were found using subtle visual cues. Breaking through the roof of a lair was the most common hunting technique observed in this study. Pups captured in this manner were subsequently used to lure the mother back into the breathing hole where she was harpooned. Ringed seals were also hunted by a number of other methods that have been described previously in the literature. Respondents in the hunter survey indicated that the ringed seal was the most important animal used by Arctic Bay Inuit. They also reported a variety of biological findings about ringed seals including: size differences among seals in different regions of the pack ice; that adult male ringed seals ( tiggak ) emitted a strong, mustelid-like odour from December until late May or early June. Hunters also reported that males were occasionally caught when coming to retrieve pups. All respondents reported seeing increasing frequencies of liver abnormalities in their ringed seal catches. 相似文献
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One explanation for recent declines in some Alaskan pinniped populations is that ecosystem changes may have reduced the availability of preferred prey. Part of our evaluation of this hypothesis involves the use of satellite-linked telemetry to study Steller sea lion (Eumelopias jubaius) and northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) foraging. Data on dives (depth and duration) and water temperatures are collected by satellite-linked time-depth recorders (SLTDR) glued to the backs of sea lions and fur seals. These data are then summarized and stored for later transmission. Data are relayed back to land through NOAA Tiros-series satellites and are processed by Service-Argos (a U.S.-French consortium). These transmissions are also used to calculate at-sea and on-land locations of the animals through use of Doppler shifts of the frequency of received transmissions. Ultimately, diving and temperature can be reconciled with at-sea locations to compare foraging areas with locations of known prey stocks. 相似文献
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The harp seal ( Phoca groenlandica ) population of the Barents and White Seas has probably decreased from about one million individuals to half this size the last few years. Energy requirements of the population have been estimated by use of the simulation model SEAERG. In this model the energy requirements of an individual seal from each age group is multiplied with the group size and summed to provide the requirements of the population. In addition to population size and age structure the total food and energy requirement is sensitive to individual activity levels as well as metabolic levels and other specified physiological functions. The interactions between the seal population and fisheries depends on the caloric density of the prey species which varies with season and location. Realistic simulations of interactions between seals and fisheries require more information about spatial and temporal variations in the prey selection of harp seals than is available today.
Present estimates indicate average maintenance requirements of about 13,600 and ll,150kcal/day for adult female and male harp seals respectively. The high value for the females is due to the costs of pregnancy and lactation. With a mean energy density of prey of 1500 kcal/kg, the corresponding food consumption is 9 kg/day for females and 7.4 kg/day for males. 相似文献
Present estimates indicate average maintenance requirements of about 13,600 and ll,150kcal/day for adult female and male harp seals respectively. The high value for the females is due to the costs of pregnancy and lactation. With a mean energy density of prey of 1500 kcal/kg, the corresponding food consumption is 9 kg/day for females and 7.4 kg/day for males. 相似文献
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CONCENTRATIONS AND DISTRIBUTIONS OF FREE AMINO ACIDS IN SEA AND LAKE ICE CORE OF ANTARCTICA 
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下载免费PDF全文 The sea ice core (1.6m) and lake ice core (1.5m) were taken respectively from sea sampling site and Ace Lake near Davis Station, Vestfold Hills, Antarctica in November and October, 1988. The concentrations of amino acids in each 10cm of ice cores were determined by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the concentrations of amino acids revealed seasonal variation during the year. The highest concentration of amino acids, which was 30. 92μmol/ml, were found in the bottom of sea ice core, and it was approximately 45 μmol/ml in the lake ice core. The lowest concentration was approximately 8.0μmol/ml which is presented in surface of the sea ice core, but it was 14.0μmol/ml which was found in 60cm section of lake ice core. The seasonal variation process of concentration of amino acids were much similar to that of phytoplankton cells number in sea ice core, and the distribution and seasonal variation rate of individual amino acids were also much similar in each ice core secti 相似文献
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骆驼蓬属叶中氨基酸组成与抗逆性的关系 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
实验结果证明：西北地区骆驼蓬属叶中总氨基酸和游离氨基酸组成中均以天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、和脯氨酸为主要组分。其中，天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、谷氨酸、苯丙氨酸、和脯氨酸表现出种间的量值差异。不同生境下的骆驼蓬和多裂骆驼蓬均以天冬氨酸等９种氨基酸为主要组分，但因生境不同而在部分氨基酸含量上有明显差异。生于盐碱荒地的骆驼蓬，其脯氨酸含量为不同生境下同种的１１．３倍和８．８５倍。不同生境下的多裂骆驼蓬其脯氨酸含量依干旱胁迫减弱而降低。表明细胞中脯氨酸积累与植物的耐盐、抗旱性有关 相似文献
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对 1 98 8年 1 2月 2 5 - 2 6日在长城站附近海区采集的南极鳕鱼胃含物进行了初步分析。结果表明食物的主要种类有底栖动物 6种和钩虾多种 ,浮游动物 3种 ,海藻 8种。底栖动物占食物量的 5 2 .82 % ,其中帽贝占 1 0 .77% ,钩虾类占 3 3 .78% ;浮游动物占 6 .74% ,其中磷虾占 5 .47% ;海藻占 3 5 .49% ,其中紫菜占 6 .3 5 % ,倒卵银杏藻占 1 8.96 %。鱼的体重与体长相关显著 ,相关系数是 0 .96。分析结果反映了南极鳕鱼的食物来源主要是底栖动物和海藻 相似文献
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海洋动物粪土是南极陆地生态系统养分的重要来源,粪土层细菌群落对南极苔原碳、氮循环过程起重要作用,但目前对南极海洋动物粪土层中细菌群落的变化特征却鲜有报道。本文采集了东南极四个企鹅、海豹粪土剖面样品,通过酶活性、微生物量碳、微生物熵、土壤呼吸和DNA浓度测定以及16 S r DNA-DGGE分析,探讨了粪土层中细菌群落变化特征及其与环境因子的关系。土壤转化酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性、微生物量碳、土壤呼吸和微生物熵随深度增加而递减,而代谢熵增加,表明随深度增加,微生物生存环境恶劣,造成细菌丰度和酶分泌量减小,需更多有机碳进行能量代谢。土壤DNA浓度与pH、含水率、TOC、TN、微生物量碳、土壤呼吸以及酶活性呈高度正相关,表明这些因子对粪土层中细菌种群的丰度有重要影响。DGGE图谱分析证实：东南极海洋动物粪土中含丰富的细菌群落结构,随深度增加泳道带型数量和亮度递减,表明细菌多样性和丰度递减。聚类分析表明：四个剖面随深度泳道带型差异明显,细菌遗传相似性为46%,企鹅、海豹粪土细菌群落差异性尤为明显;发现四个粪土剖面中,细菌丰度与企鹅、海豹粪的相对含量呈协调一致性变化,且表层5cm粪土层细菌丰度最高,表明东南极企鹅和海豹排泄物对土壤中细菌群落多样性变化起重要作用。 相似文献