首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
Results of a series of experiments (on the adsorption of divalent metal ions by dried alginic acid, Na and Ca alginates of different composition and block structure) conducted in this systematic study of the effects of the composition and structure of alginates on the static adsorption equilibrium of divalent metal ions indicate that the properties of alginate adsorption to divalent metal ions are highly different, depending not only on the cations used, but also on the form and structure of the alginates. There is close correlation between the adsorption properties and the structure of the alginates. The selectivity coefficient of Na alginate for Cd-Sr ion exchange tends to increase with the increase of theM/G ratio in alginate, whereas the adsorption capacity of Ca alginate for Cu2+ ion decrease with the increase of the G-block or the average length of the G-block and the total adsorption capacity of alginic acid is found to vary in the same order as theF MM(diad frequency) in alginate in the mixed solution of Sr2+, Ba2+ and Cd2+. Contribution No. 2166 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.  相似文献   

2.
In this study,variations in composition and properties of polysaccharides isolated from brown algae Costaria costata were analyzed.The algae were collected from May to July of the harvest period.The carbohydrates alginate and fucoidan were extracted with selected solvents.1 H Nuclear magnetic resonance and rheology were used to investigate the monomer composition and rheological characteristics of alginate.Gas chromatography and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy were employed to investigate the compositional properties of purified fucoidan.The results indicated that the composition and properties of alginate and fucoidan varied during the life of this alga.The alginate from the alga harvested in May and June had a higher molecular weight,viscosity,and proportion of mannuronic acid,whereas that harvested in July had a lower molecular weight and viscosity but a higher proportion of guluronic acid.The alginate from C.costata had a higher molecular weight and a different mannuronic acid:guluronic acid ratios compared with other algae;thus,it could be used in the chemical,food,cosmetics,and pharmaceutical industries.Fucoidan content reached the maximum in June.Substantial changes in the molecular weight distribution,monosaccharide composition,and sulfate content occurred simultaneously.The fraction of fucose in the polysaccharides decreased significantly from June to July,whereas that of mannose increased.This alga can be harvested during different growth periods to obtain fucoidans and alginates with different compositions and,therefore,with different biological properties.  相似文献   

3.
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SULFHYDRYL CHITOSAN   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
A new adsorbent for heavy metal ions, sulfhydryl chitosan (S-chitosan), was produced by treatment of chitosan with sulhydryl acetic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Its structure was confrrmed by elemental analysis and FI‘-IR spectra analysis. The adsorption properties of sulthydryl chitosan for Cu(Ⅱ ), Cd(Ⅱ ), Pb(Ⅱ), Cr(Ⅲ) and Ni(Ⅱ) were investigated, and the effect of pH value on adsorption, adsorption kinetics, and selective adsorption was examined. It was shown that S-chitosan has good adsorption for Pb(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) like chitosan, is also insoluble in acid solution; has good adsorption kinetic properties for heavy metal ions; and can be used in acid solution. The adsorption capacities of S-chitosan can be affected by media acidity. The adsorbed Cu(Ⅱ) Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) could be eluted by diluted chlorhydric acid.  相似文献   

4.
岩溶地下水是泰安市城区重要供水水源,近年来随着气候环境变化和人为活动的影响,岩溶地下水水化学特征日趋复杂,但其水化学特征及成因尚不明晰。为识别研究区地下水水化学特征、成因机制,本文采用数理统计方法、离子比值、水化学图解等方法,研究了该区岩溶地下水的水文地球化学特征。结果表明：研究区内岩溶地下水水化学类型主要为HCO3Ca型、HCO3·SO4Ca 型、HCO3·SO4·ClCa型。地下水水化学成分主要受水岩相互作用控制,以溶滤作用为主,地下水中的Ca2+、Na+、HCO-3、SO2-4主要来源于方解石、白云石的碳酸盐岩及石膏、盐岩等蒸发岩的溶解,且存在逆向的阳离子交替吸附作用,导致Ca2+含量增加,Na+含量减少,人为活动影响导致地下水中Cl-、NO-3浓度增加。研究成果为研究区内岩溶地下水的合理开发与保护提供了依据。  相似文献   

5.
Aerosol samples are collected on the route of the Second Chinese NationalArctic Research Expedition from July 15 to September 28,2003.The concentration ofwater soluble ions(Na~+,NH_4~+,Ca~(2+),Cl~-,MSA,SO_4~(2-)and so on)are ana-lyzed.By correlation analysis,the ions can be divided into three groups:(1)Na~+,Mg~(2+),K~+,Ca~(2+),Cl~-,SO_4~(2-),mainly from sea salt;(2)NH_4~+,NO_3~-,markedlyfrom coastal regions of the continents;(3)Acetate,MSA,C_2O_4~(2-),from othersources.Marine aerosols are the dominant origin,Cl~- and Na~+ are the most domi-nant anion and cation,respectively and these two ions(Na~++Cl~-)account for 55.6% of the total aerosol loading.The mean equivalence ratio of NH_4~+/SO_4~(2-)is 0.45,we suggest that ammonium and sulfate exist mainly as NH_4HSO_4.The concentrationof NO_3~- shows three different patterns on the route of expedition:Japan Sea with me-dian value of 15.2 neq·m~(-3);Sea of Okhostk and Bering Sea of 1.8 neq·m~(-3)andArctic Ocean of 0.4 neq·m~(-3).Bering Sea is a high MSA area.Through the com-parison of the concentration of main water soluble ions between the First and SecondChinese National Arctic Research Expedition,the variation matches each other.  相似文献   

6.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｒｅｌｅａｓｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｈａｓｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｔｒｉｇｇｅｒｅｄａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｓｔｕｄｉｅｓａｉｍｉｎｇａｔｔｈｅｒｅｍｏｖａｌｏｆｍｅｔａｌｉｏｎｓｆｒｏｍａｑｕｅｏｕｓｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ (ＦｏｕｒｅｓｔａｎｄＶｏｌｅｓｋｙ ,1 997;ＦｅｈｒｍａｎｎａｎｄＰｏｈｌ,1 993 ;ＫｕｙｕｃａｋａｎｄＶｏｌｅｓｋｙ,1 989) .Ｉｔｗａｓｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａ…  相似文献   

7.
Algal organic materials (AOMs) are one critical factor affecting the efficiency of modified clays used for the mitigation of harmful algal blooms (HABs). This study was conducted to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and factors affecting the adsorption of AOMs onto modified clays. Sodium alginate (polysaccharide) and kaolinite modified with polyaluminium chloride (PACl) were used as AOMs and modified clay model substances, respectively, and the effects of modifier dosage, contact time, solution pH and ionic strength were investigated through batch adsorption experiments. Kinetics revealed that the alginate adsorption rate was described well by a pseudo-second order model. PACl effectively enhanced the adsorption capacity of kaolinite and increased the adsorption rate, and the optimum additive amount of PACl was 5%. The experimental data fitted both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption equations well. The adsorption thermodynamics for alginate onto modified clays suggests that alginate adsorption is a spontaneous process. The adsorption of alginate onto modified clays was highly dependent on pH, with a decrease in adsorption observed with increased pH to 9.48, but the opposite was true above pH 9.48. Finally, adsorption increased with increasing ionic strength.  相似文献   

8.
Hydrochemical characteristics and solute dynamics of bulk meltwater draining from Urumqi Glacier No.1 were investigated in years 2006 and 2007.The glacial meltwater was slightly alkaline with the mean pH of 7.64 and 7.61 in 2006 and 2007,respectively.In the meltwater,the dominant anions were the bicarbonate and sulphate,and the dominant cation was calcium.The concentration of major cations were varied as c(Ca2+) > c(Mg2+) > c(K+) > c(Na+),while the order for the cations was c(HCO3) > c(SO42) > c(NO3) > c(Cl).The total dissolved solids(TDS) in meltwater had inverse relationships with the diurnal discharge.The major ion composition of meltwater was mainly controlled by rock weathering as inferred from the Gibbs model.Furthermore,the ion ratios and Piper diagram indicated that the main processes controlling the meltwater chemistry were carbonate weathering,pyrite weathering and feldspar weathering in rocks,and Ca2+ and HCO3 were the dominant ions during the carbonate weathering process.Solute flux calculation at Glacier No.1 station suggested that chemical denudation rates were 11.46 and 13.90 ton.km 2.yr 1 in 2006 and 2007,respectively.  相似文献   

9.
Lipase from Antarctic krill,with a molecular weight of 71.27kDa,was purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation and a series of chromatographic separations over ion exchange(DEAE)and gel filtration columns(Sephacryl S-100),resulting in 5.2%recovery with a 22.4-fold purification ratio.The optimal pH and temperature for enzyme activity were 8.0 and 45℃,respectively.Purified lipase had Km and Vmax values of 3.27mmolL−1 and 2.4Umg−1,respectively,using p-nitrophenyl laurate as the substrate.Lipase activity was enhanced by adding Ca2+and Mg2+ions in the concentration ranges of 0–0.5mmolL−1 and 0–0.3mmolL−1,respectively,while the activity was inhibited by a further increase in these ion concentrations.Fe3+and Cu2+ions showed obvious inhibitory effects on enzyme activity,and the inhibition rates were 71.8%and 53.3%when the ion concentrations were 0.5mmolL−1.  相似文献   

10.
谭家沟金矿产于中泥盆统热水沉积岩中。矿体位于铁白云石硅质岩构造角砾带 ,是以浸染状矿化为主 ,由热水沉积铁白云石硅质岩提供矿质并基本在层内富集成矿的热水沉积改造型金矿床。铅同位素特征表明成矿金属来源于地壳 ;硫同位素组成特征表明硫主要来自海水硫酸盐的还原硫 ;氢氧同位素测试数据表明 ,成矿流体主要为原生建造水。成矿流体为SO4 2 F/Na Ca2 型 ,成矿物理化学条件为弱中等还原环境 ,成矿温度 15 0～ 170℃ ,盐度w(NaCl)为 6 .86 %。  相似文献   

11.
IINTRODUCTION been used to Interpret waterqualltycharacteristlcs（SHEN，1994）．In fact，the temporal changes of waterSince the 1930s，river water quality has been one quality parameters have ceFtaln re剖larfluctuatlons withof the main topics of water environmental sciences．their own spectrum characteristic and causes．However，Since the 1980s，global change has become the hot spot waterquallty average will lose this statisticall讪matlonOearth science a…  相似文献   

12.
The changes of plasmalemma permeability and some primary inorganic ions of Antarctic ice microalgae （ Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L） in the low-temperature stress were examined. The plasmalemma of 1CE-L could maintain the stability at the freezing condition of -6 ℃. That signifies that it could maintain the proper function of plasmalemma and stability of the intracellular environment during sea ice formation. The function of inorganic ions on low-temperature adaptation of ICE-L was investigated by using the X-ray microanalysis method. Low temperature （0 - -6 ℃ ） induces Ca^2 ＋ concentration increment of cytoplasm, but after 24 h the content decrease quickly to normal value. As a matter of fact, Ca^2 ＋ plays an important role as the second messenger in the low temperature adaptation of ICE-L. In addition, low temperature also influences on the other primary inorganic ions transfer and the cell maintains activity by keeping ratio balance among different ions. Above all, it is necessary for Antarctic ice microalgae to survive and breed by maintaining the stability of K^ ＋ content and the balance of Na^ ＋/Cl^ -.  相似文献   

13.
1　Introduction Thestudyonthefeaturesofatmosphericenvironmentbyglaciochemistryisthemajor contentofsnow iceandglobalchangeresearch.Antarcticicesheetisfarfromtheregions pollutedbyhumanactivities,andsurroundedbyocean,andtheAntarcticCircumpolarCur rentisthewideseawaterandatmospherebarrierbetweenAntarcticaandtheoutsideworld. AlloftheuniquegeographicalfeaturesmaketheimpuritiesinsnowandiceinAntarcticice sheetissimple.Therefore,itissignificanttostudytheorigins,transmissionpathsanddep ositionalst…  相似文献   

14.
Phenoloxidases(POs)are a group of copper proteins including tyrosinase,catecholase and laccase,which play crucial roles in the innate immune response of mollusks.In this research,POs were studied in cultured mollusk species,including scallop Chla-mys farreri,abalone Haliotis discus hannai and clam Scapharca subcrenata.The POs were isolated from hemocytes using linear-gradient native-PAGE combined with catechol staining.The PO activities and their characters were investigated.The molecular mass of PO in C.farreri was 576 kDa,and it was 228 kDa in H.discus hannai.In S.subcrenata,four POs were detected and their mole-cular masses were 391 kDa,206 kDa,174 kDa and<67 kDa,which were named as 391-PO,206-PO,174-PO and s-PO,respectively.Ki-netic analyses indicated that all of the POs,except for 391-PO had higher affinity to L-DOPA and catechol than to hydroquinone and dopamine.However,all of the POs failed to oxidize tyrosine.The effects of divalent metal ions on POs’activities were assayed,in-cluding Fe2+,Mg2+,Zn2+,Mn2+,Cu2+and Ca2+from FeCl2,MgSO4,ZnSO4,MnCl2,CuSO4and CaCl2.The POs were inhibited by Fe2+at all determined concentrations.Additionally,the inhibition assay showed that all of the POs were inhibited by cysteine,ascorbic acid,sodium sulfite,citric acid,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium(EDTA)and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate(DETC).The inhibition effects of critric acid and EDTA are dose-dependent.H.discus hannai PO and 391-PO were slightly inhibited by sodium azide,and H.discus hannai PO,391-PO and 174-PO were slightly inhibited by thiourea.In conclusion,the POs in the three cultured mollusks are copper-containing laccase-type phenoloxidases with similar biochemical characteristics even though their molecular masses are different.  相似文献   

15.
The adsorption and desorption of algae Cladophora fascicularis and their relation with initial Cd^2＋ concentration, initial pH, and co-existing ions were studied. Adsorption equilibrium and biosorption kinetics were established from batch experiments. The adsorption equilibrium was adequately described by the Langmuir isotherm, and biosorption kinetics was in pseudo-second order model. The experiment on co-existing ions showed that the biosorption capacity of biomass decreased with an increasing concentration of competing ions. Desorption experiments indicated that EDTA was efficient desorbent for recovery from Cd^2＋. With high capacities of metal biosorption and desorption, the biomass of Cladophora fascicularis is promising as a cost-effective biosorbent for the removal of Cd^2＋ from wastewater.  相似文献   

16.
岩溶关键带水文地球化学过程的研究对于科学认识其内部的演化环境与结构特征具有重要意义。岩溶水是水-岩作用后主要的信息载体, 定量分析其水化学特征及成因是揭示岩溶关键带含水系统介质环境与水动力条件的有效手段。以滇中高原岩溶关键带3个典型岩溶含水系统为研究对象, 通过对不同含水系统出露的岩溶泉进行野外采样与室内测试, 综合采用数理统计分析、水化学图解、离子比例系数与水文地球化学模拟等方法, 深入剖析了各含水系统岩溶水水化学组分特征、成因作用和含水层介质特性, 并对关键带中水循环与水化学的内在联系及规律进行了探讨。结果表明: ①HCO3-、Ca2+是各含水系统岩溶水中含量最高且来源稳定的离子组分, Mg2+是控制各含水系统水化学类型异化的关键因素; ②碳酸盐岩类的岩石风化、矿物溶解是各含水系统内岩溶水化学组分特征的主要成因作用, 岩溶水对华宁水系统含水层的溶蚀作用仍在发生, 阳离子吸附交替与硅酸盐岩类的风化溶解是区域岩溶水中Na+、K+的重要来源; ③区域岩溶的发育强度、岩溶含水层的出露条件及含水介质岩性与连通性共同塑造了滇中高原岩溶关键带不同含水系统地下水化学特性。研究成果丰富了对滇中高原岩溶关键带水文地球化学过程的认识, 为区域岩溶水资源的开发、利用与保护提供基于水化学的证据支撑。   相似文献   

17.
为提高海水入侵地区土壤盐分的监测效率,以潍坊北部地区作为研究区,利用高光谱测量技术野外实地测量,获得高光谱数据,并对该区域土壤盐分高光谱数据进行分析,获得土样盐分含量相关数据,与光谱数据结合分析。通过分析各类离子与全盐量之间的相关关系,分析潍北地区土壤盐分的离子构成与离子的相关来源。对高光谱原始测量数据进行包络线去除、变换,选取特征波段、一阶二阶微分变换等提高模型精度,建立高光谱数据与土壤盐分数据之间的逐步回归模型,并对模型进行精度检验,对比各类模型检验结果,分析各类离子对高光谱数据的响应效果。其中,光谱数据一阶微分变换后的逐步回归模型对土壤中K+Na+估算精度较高,R2=0.894且均方根误差最小,精度较高,可为该地区的高光谱土壤盐分监测提供有力的数据分析结果。  相似文献   

18.
本文研究了Ｄ_００１大孔阳离子强酸树脂从Ｈ_２ＳＯ_４－ＣＳ（ＮＨ_２）_２溶液中，富集及分离Ａｕ（Ｉ）、Ａｇ（Ｉ）的性能。表明在ｐＨ＝２．０左右，树脂对Ａｕ（Ｔｕ）￣＋_２、Ａｇ（Ｔｕ）￣＋_２（Ｔｕ＝硫脲）有良好的吸附性能，Ａｕ和Ａｇ的吸附容量分别为６１．１８ｍｇ／ｇ－Ｒｅｓｉｎ和９９．１１ｍｇ／ｇ—Ｒｅｓｉｎ。负载柱上的Ａｕ、Ａｇ可分别用ＮａＣＮ—ＮａＯＨ和Ｈ_３ＢＯ_３－ＮａＯＨ－Ｎａ_２Ｓ_２Ｏ_３定量洗脱。可进行一定程度的Ａｕ、Ａｇ分离。  相似文献   

19.
Water-soluble algal polysaccharides (APS) (alginic acid, fucoidan and laminaran) possess many pharmacological activities. The results of this study showed that the APS-Ce^4 complexes have some enzyme-like activities. Fucoidan and its complex with Ce^4 have activities similar to those of SOD. The activities of laminaran, alginic acid and their complexes are not measurable. The APS do not show measurable activities in the digestion of plasmid DNA. In contrast, the APS - Ce^4 complexes show these measurable activities under the comparable condition when APS bind Ce^4 and form homogenous solutions. The laminaran-Ce^4 complex shows the most obvious activity in the digestion of plasmid DNA, pNPP and chloropyrifos under neutral conditions.  相似文献   

20.
本文从化学平衡的角度讨论了开放体系中二氧化碳的分压(Pco_2)对CaCO_3溶解量的影响。根据定量计算的结果,CaCO_3的溶解量之所以随着Pco_2的升高而增大,主要是由于以下三方面的原因所造成的:首先,随着Pco_2的升高,水溶液的pH将会降低,从而使水溶液中CO_3~(2-)的含量减小,因此溶液中CaCO_3的浓度积将会减小,结果便导致了CaCo_3的溶解;其次,随着Pco_2的升高,水溶液中HCO_3~-的含量将会增大,这样便使得以CaHCO_3~+的形式结的Ca~(2+)的含量增多,这也导致了CaCO_3溶解量增的大;第三,CaCO_3解量增大的结果,使溶液的离子强度增加,这又导致了各离子活度系数的减小,从而也促进了CaCO_3的溶解。文章最后还讨论了应该怎样去定性地解释Pco_2对CaCO_3溶解量的影响,并认为使用反应; CaCO_3+H_2O + C_2OCa~(2+)+2HCO_3~-来定性地解释Pco_2对CaCO_3溶解量的影响,存在有以下两个方面的问题:第一,该反应没有反映出Pco_2升高或降低过程中水溶液中最重要的因素之一的〔H~+〕的变化;第二,对于与CaCO_3相平衡的水溶液,当Pco_2升高时,用该反应来解释会导致矛盾的结果。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号