共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
受气候变化和人类活动等因素的综合影响,地下水超采和含水层水量亏空已成为备受关注的全球性问题。为了弥补含水层水量亏空和促进地下水资源涵养,已探索出多种人为干预地下水补给的措施,其中通过河道开展地下水人工补给由于具有明显优势而受到重视。已有实践表明,受渗漏补给潜力和包气带调蓄能力等的限制,并不是所有河流或河段都适宜开展地下水人工补给工作。目前缺乏为大家广泛接受的适宜性评估方法。本研究以永定河生态补水为契机,以北京平原段河道和下伏含水层为研究区开展了案例研究,并用实测数据对研究结果进行了检验。应用指标体系法建立的适宜性评估模型（LMBGITSC模型）包括河床土地利用类型、河床介质类型、河床宽度、河床地形坡度、包气带介质类型、包气带厚度、包气带给水度、包气带水平渗透性等8个指标。案例研究结果表明,沿河流流向,通过河道渗漏补给地下水的适宜性由好变差（防渗河段除外）。该规律主要受渗漏补给潜力和包气带调蓄能力控制,因此适宜性也呈现出“阶梯式”演变规律。检验结果表明所建的评估方法适用性较好。该方法具有可移植性,因此也可为其他同类地区提供参考。 相似文献
2.
S. O. Grinevskii 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2011,66(3):189-201
This paper considers models of the transpiration root water uptake and principles for substantiating their parameters when
calculating unsaturated flow in the vadose zone and estimating infiltration groundwater recharge. The possible use of generalized
parameters for different landscape and soil conditions is substantiated based on analyzing the natural patterns of water balance
formation in the vadose zone and the sensitivity of transpiration models. Recommendations are given for selecting the models
of transpiration water uptake and substantiating their parameters, which enables one to minimize the errors in estimating
infiltration groundwater recharge. 相似文献
3.
降水和人工灌溉是黑河中游浅层地下水重要的补给来源。长期以来入渗补给量评价采用经验参数法,但没有成熟的监测方法和实证数据。采用人工溴示踪法研究黑河中游不同灌溉条件和不同深度条件下的地下水入渗补给规律。结果表明:研究区大气降水条件下包气带溴离子含量峰值年均运移距离为21.25 cm,年平均入渗补给量为11.93 mm,入渗补给系数为0.1;大水漫灌条件下包气带溴离子含量峰值年均运移距离为86.51 cm,年平均入渗补给量为148.7 mm,入渗补给系数为0.16;小水漫灌条件下包气带溴离子含量峰值年均运移距离为46.35 cm,年平均入渗补给量为 53.81 mm,入渗补给系数为0.07;滴灌条件下年包气带溴离子含量峰值年均运移距离为41.72 cm,年平均入渗补给量为52.6 mm,入渗补给系数为0.11。人工溴示踪剂应投放在包气带水分单向入渗下行区,一般西北内陆盆地在地表3 m以下为宜。此研究成果可为黑河流域地下水资源评价提供实证参数,对西北内流盆地地下水水资源量与合理开发利用的科学认识具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
Advances in Moisture Migration in Vadose Zone of Dryland and Recharge Effects on Groundwater Dynamics 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The vadose zone is the zone in between the land surface and above the groundwater table at vertical profile with partial water saturation and under the unsaturation condition, which constitutes the connections among atmospheric water, surface water and groundwater. Soil moisture migration in the vadose zone is a rather complicate process, which controls the rates of groundwater depletion and recharge, and has close hydraulic connections with highly frequent water transfers on the interfaces among the irrigation farmland, sand dunes, wetlands, lakes, and other landscape types. Recent development on soil moisture migration simulations and the application of tracer techniques, geophysical techniques and other geological methods in the vadose zone research, the factors affecting soil moisture migration and groundwater recharge,and soil moisture migration effects on moisture exchange between different landscapes were reviewed in this paper. Several suggestions on the future research were presented here: ① An intense field observation and research database should be initiated and constructed to determine the soil hydraulic parameters, and quantify the influence of moisture migration in vadose zone on the groundwater recharge; ② The proposed observations and researches should learn from the “Critical Zone Observatory”, and focus on the coupling of the soil moisture migration, solute transport and groundwater recharge. 相似文献
5.
西北内陆流域下游区天然植被对地下水生态功能具有强烈依赖性,而包气带岩性结构对地下水生态功能具有明显影响,但是在目前的研究中,缺乏定量分析评判。以甘肃石羊河流域下游天然绿洲区为研究区,基于包气带岩性结构野外调查、室内土柱试验和Hydrus1-D数值模拟,研究包气带岩性结构与地下水耦合作用的生态效应,分析不同岩性结构包气带... 相似文献
6.
Il-Moon Chung Nam-Won Kim Jeongwoo Lee Marios Sophocleous 《Hydrogeology Journal》2010,18(5):1253-1264
A method of estimating groundwater recharge, based on water-balance components using the SWAT-MODFLOW model (an integrated surface water-groundwater model), is described. A multi-reservoir storage routing module is suggested instead of a single storage routing module in SWAT; this represents a more realistic delay in the travel of water through the vadose zone. By using this module, the parameter related to the delay time can be optimized by checking the correlation between simulated recharge and observed groundwater levels. The final step of this procedure is to compare simulated groundwater levels as well as the simulated watershed stream flow with the observed groundwater levels and watershed stream flow. This method is applied to the Mihocheon watershed in South Korea to estimate spatio-temporal groundwater recharge distribution. The computed annual recharge rate is compared with the independently estimated recharge rate using BFLOW. The hydrologic modelling results show that the annual average recharge rate should be estimated by a long-term continuous simulation with a distributed hydrologic modelling technique. 相似文献
7.
Groundwater recharge is an important process for the management of both surface and subsurface water resources. The present study utilizes the application of analytical hierarchical process (AHP) on geospatial analysis for the exploration of potential zones for artificial groundwater recharge along Vaigai upper basin in the Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India. The morphology of earth surface features such as geology, geomorphology, soil types, land use and land cover, drainage, lineament, and aquifers influence the groundwater recharge in either direct or indirect way. These thematic layers are extracted from Landsat ETM+ image, topographical map, and other collateral data sources. In this study, the multilayers were weighed accordingly to the magnitude of groundwater recharge potential. The AHP technique is a pair-wise matrix analytical method was used to calculate the geometric mean and normalized weight of individual parameters. Further, the normalized weighted layers are mathematically overlaid for preparation of groundwater recharge potential zone map. The results revealed that 21.8 km2 of the total area are identified as high potential for groundwater recharge. The gentle slope areas in middle-east and central part have been moderately potential for groundwater recharge. Hilly terrains in south are considered as unsuitable zone for groundwater recharge processes. 相似文献
8.
The present research aims to derive the intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater against contamination using the GIS platform. The study applies DRASTIC model for Ahmedabad district in Gujarat, India. The model uses parameters like depth, recharge, aquifer, soil, topography, vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity, which depict the hydrogeology of the area. The research demonstrates that northern part of district with 46.4% of area is under low vulnerability, the central and southern parts with 48.4% of the area are under moderate vulnerability, while 5.2% of area in the south-east of district is under high vulnerability. It is observed from the study that lower vulnerability in northern part may be mostly due to the greater depth of vadose zone, deeper water tables and alluvial aquifer system with minor clay lenses. The moderate and high vulnerability in central and southern parts of study area may be due to lesser depth to water tables, smaller vadose zone depths, unconfined to semi-confined alluvial aquifer system and greater amount of recharge due to irrigation practices. Further, the map removal and single-parameter sensitivity analysis indicate that groundwater vulnerability index has higher influence of vadose zone, recharge, depth and aquifer parameters for the given study area. The research also contributes to validating the existence of higher concentrations of contaminants/indicators like electrical conductivity, chloride, total dissolved solids, sulphate, nitrate, calcium, sodium and magnesium with respect to groundwater vulnerability status in the study area. The contaminants/indicators exceeding the prescribed limits for drinking water as per Indian Standard 10500 (1991) were mostly found in areas under moderate and high vulnerability. Finally, the research successfully delineates the groundwater vulnerability in the region which can aid land-use policies and norms for activities related to recharge and seepage with respect to existing status of groundwater vulnerability and its quality. 相似文献
9.
大气降雨是华北平原浅层地下水的主要补给来源。长期过量开采地下水造成地下水位持续下降,使原来处于饱水带的透镜体位移到包气带中,形成了厚度大、非均质性更为复杂的包气带。厚层包气带中弱渗透性黏土透镜体对于降雨入渗补给的影响是关系到降水入渗过程及补给量评价的基本问题。用HYDRUS软件建立数值模拟模型,模拟探讨单次降雨条件下,透镜体埋深、宽度比、厚度等要素对入渗路径、入渗补给时间和入渗补给量的影响。结果表明:入渗过程中弱渗透性黏土透镜体两侧会形成较快的绕流;透镜体会减小补给峰值并延长总体补给时间,但不改变补给起始时间;透镜体埋深与极限蒸发深度的相对关系决定了潜在补给量的大小,透镜体埋深或因透镜体形成的上层滞水处于极限蒸发深度以上会减少潜在补给量。 相似文献
10.
山区地下水对平原区的侧向径流补给量是一个长期争议且悬而未决的难题,这个量在西北内陆干旱盆地,被估算得或很小或很大。在总结前人研究的基础上,采用地质水文地质调查、物探、钻探、抽水试验、地下水动态观测、水化学测试、盆地地下水水位统测和综合研究等技术方法,查明了黑河中游盆地南部山盆交接带的地质构造接触关系、地层岩性接触关系及梨园河口白垩系风化壳含水层结构和水文地质参数。通过山区不同流域等级的地表水与地下水转化关系分析,将山区地下水对平原区侧向径流补给带划分为大中型河流河谷补给段和小微型河流或冲沟群流域构成的浅山带补给段。河谷补给段勘探资料较为丰富,多用达西断面流方法计算;针对浅山带补给段极为缺乏勘探资料的实际,以梨园河口断面径流量为参照,构建了浅山带岩性、汇水区面积、降水量等3 个变量的山区地下水对平原区侧向径流补给量的估算方法。估算出黑河中游盆地南部山区浅山带地下水对平原的侧向径流补给量为0.40×108 m3/a,河谷段基岩侧向补给量为0.07×108 m3/a;推算出河谷段第四系地下水补给量为0.30×108 m3/a;3 项补给量之和为0.77×108 m3/a,占盆地地下水资源量的3.0%。该研究为西北内陆干旱盆地山区地下水对平原区侧向径流补给量的估算提供了一个可供借鉴的实例。 相似文献
11.
包气带是地下水补给和地下水污染的主要通道,包气带的性质直接控制了地下水的污染化速度和程度。文章以洛阳市区洛河河床岩性(以砂砾石为主)以及由亚粘土、亚砂土、中细砂等介质构成的包气带为研究对象,分析河床和包气带对污染物的自净能力,并对其天然的自净机制进行了简要分析,结论如下:洛河河床岩性对各种污染物(NO3-除外)的净化能力均达到90%以上;亚粘土、亚砂土、中细砂等包气带介质层对重金属(Cu2+等)有很强的净化能力,而对Cl-、Cr6+的净化能力则较弱,在短时间内介质中就达到饱和而失去净化能力;在环境条件相近及水文地质条件基本相同的条件下,包气带厚度与地下水的污染程度呈负相关关系;污水经过包气带,能有效地去除污水中的有害物质,防止地下水污染。 更多还原 相似文献
12.
The role of faulting on surface deformation patterns from pumping-induced groundwater flow (Las Vegas Valley, USA) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Land subsidence and earth fissuring can cause damage in semiarid urbanized valleys where pumping exceeds natural recharge. In places such as Las Vegas Valley (USA), Quaternary faults play an important role in the surface deformation patterns by constraining the migration of land subsidence and creating complex relationships with surface fissures. These fissures typically result from horizontal displacements that occur in zones where extensional stress derived from groundwater flow exceeds the tensile strength of the near-surface sediments. A series of hypothetical numerical models, using the finite-element code ABAQUS and based on the observed conditions of the Eglington Fault zone, were developed. The models reproduced the (1) long-term natural recharge and discharge, (2) heavy pumping and (3) incorporation of artificial recharge that reflects the conditions of Las Vegas Valley. The simulated hydrostratigraphy consists of three aquifers, two aquitards and a relatively dry vadose zone, plus a normal fault zone that reflects the Quaternary Eglington fault. Numerical results suggest that a 100-m-wide fault zone composed of sand-like material produces: (1) conditions most similar to those observed in Las Vegas Valley and (2) the most favorable conditions for the development of fissures to form on the surface adjacent to the fault zone. 相似文献
13.
为了有效提升大清河流域平原区地下水水位,亟需在此区域开展地下水人工补给工程,并确定合理的建设位置及有效的补给方式。首先基于研究区可利用补给水源、地下水位、地表高程、地表坡度及与河道距离5个指标的分布特征,构建地下水补给潜力评价体系,采用ArcGIS空间分析功能对研究区进行了地下水人工补给潜力区划;然后在此评价体系基础上,在典型人工补给高潜力区进一步开展系列野外现场试验,探讨适宜可行的地下水人工补给方式。结果表明：研究区西北部及南部河道附近区域开展人工补给工程潜力较高,而中部、北部及西南部远离河道的区域潜力较低。高潜力区——白沟引河地段包气带及含水层渗透性良好,整体渗透系数均在5 m/d左右或更高,适宜地表补给,但河床渗透性较差,渗透系数基本在0.01~0.09 m/d间,若通过河道补给需配合清淤等措施。其中,在上游及中游沿岸适宜将河道水通过生态水渠引至修建的地表入渗池或借助天然渗坑内入渗补给,在中下游沿岸区域适宜将补给水进行严格的水处理后采用井灌方式补给,在白沟引河中下游河道适宜修建拦水坝,利用河道进行入渗补给。 相似文献
14.
在哈尔滨城市地质调查项目实测的地质、水文地质资料的基础上,利用DRASTIC方法,选择地下水埋深、净补给量、含水层介质、包气带影响等7个参数作为评价指标,建立哈尔滨地区地下水易污性评价体系,编制哈尔滨地区地下水易污性分区图。研究表明,哈尔滨地区地下水易污性较高的区域占17.1%,主要分布在松花江两岸,为地下水污染的高风险地区,应列为地下水资源管理重点防护区域。 相似文献
15.
许多地区地下水是生态稳定的重要支撑或补充,确定地下水补给地表植被的临界埋深对地下水管理和生态安全至关重要。以西辽河平原为例,主要研究成果如下:①根据地下水补给植被原理划分包气带水分运动结构,描述地下水补给植被的作用机理和物理过程,定义地下水补给植被的临界埋深及相关物理概念。②根据植被根系吸收潜水蒸发的物理机制,地下水面附近由毛管水上升形成的潜水影响层是临界埋深计算的关键。③推导土壤毛管有效孔径计算推理公式,通过构建土壤微结构模型求解推理公式中的孔隙特征参数,解决毛管水最大上升高度的精确计算难题;④结合不同群落植被根系层厚度,形成地下水补给植被的临界埋深计算模型。⑤通过野外调查和观测试验实证,表明计算结果可靠,研究成果在科尔沁草原得到了及时应用。 相似文献
16.
Karsten Osenbrück Jürgen Sültenfuß Stephan M. Weise 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(4):911-289
Groundwater is an important and often exclusive water resource in arid and semi-arid regions. The aim of the present paper was to gain insight into the processes and conditions that control the deterioration of groundwater quality in the semi-arid Kalahari of Botswana. Measurements of 3He, 4He, 20Ne, 22Ne, and of 14C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were combined with existing isotopic and hydrochemical data to investigate groundwater from the Ntane Sandstone Aquifer, which is affected by high nitrate concentrations of non-anthropogenic origin. All groundwater samples revealed neon concentrations in excess to air-saturated water, which we attributed to the addition of excess air during recharge. Neon concentrations ranged from values close to air saturation for 14C DIC rich samples (up to 80.5%MC) up to values of 90% in excess to air-saturated water for lower 14C DIC contents (2.6-61.3%MC). A strong linear correlation of excess Ne with nitrate concentrations suggests an intimate connection between groundwater quality and the processes and conditions during groundwater recharge. Low groundwater recharge rates under present-day semi-arid conditions are associated with low amounts of excess Ne and elevated nitrate concentrations. In contrast to this, higher excess Ne values in groundwater of lower 14C DIC and nitrate contents indicate that the high quality groundwater end-member presumably is related to higher groundwater table fluctuations during wetter climatic conditions in the past. We attribute the decline in groundwater quality with respect to nitrate to a decreasing rate and temporal variability of groundwater recharge, and to concurrent changes in biogeochemical activities following a transition to a drier climate during the Holocene. Under such conditions, a much stronger decrease in groundwater recharge compared to the release of nitrate from soil organic matter may result in elevated nitrate concentrations in the vadose zone and groundwater. This implies a strong impact of climate change on the transport of solutes like nitrate through the vadose zone which needs to be considered in predictions of future groundwater quality. 相似文献
17.
零通量面法在沈阳地区地下水资源评价中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
降水对地下水的入渗补给和大气蒸发作用下地下水的消耗是地下水资源的重要组成部分。降水入渗和地下水蒸发这两种作用均是通过包气带进行的。从包气带着手，运用零通量法确定这些量已在实际中得到应用。以沈阳地区为例，针对该区集中频繁降水与蒸发排泄交替进行导致零通量紊乱易变的特点，在对有关问题深入探讨的基础上，对浅层潜水入渗补给量（包括蒸发量）和非饱和渗透系数进行了计算，取得了较好的效果。 相似文献
18.
19.
Fast population growth and rapid industrialization, on one hand, and lack of sewerage network and poor living condition, on
the other, have led to the deterioration of surface and ground water quality in the city of Addis Ababa. The urban wastewater
is discharged largely into streams that drain the city. Only less than 3% join the wastewater treatment facilities. Due to
sporadic rainfall that causes shortage in groundwater recharge, managed aquifer recharge (MAR) experiment was tested on soil
column collected from Akaki Well Field which is located in the southern part of the city using water from the Big Akaki River
that crosses the same well field and effluent from Kaliti Wastewater Treatment Plant. Water quality analysis for 17 different
parameters was done for both the inflow and outflow water samples and soils were tested for electrical conductivity and cation
exchange capacity. The results indicate improved water quality as a result of higher attenuation/filtration capacity of the
vadose zone in the well field due to the presence of vertisols. The main geochemical processes that have acted in the soil
column could be cation exchange, dissolution, precipitation, oxidation, nitrification, die off etc. that are responsible for
the effectiveness of vadose zone for MAR. 相似文献
20.
H. Pfletschinger I. Engelhardt M. Piepenbrink F. Königer R. Schuhmann A. Kallioras C. Schüth 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(5):1523-1533
For the determination of groundwater recharge processes in arid environments, vadose zone water fluxes and water storage should
be considered. To better understand and quantify vadose zone processes influencing groundwater recharge, a soil column experimental
setup has been developed that mimics arid atmospheric conditions and measures water and temperature fluxes in high temporal
and spatial resolution. The focus of the experiment was on the determination of water infiltration, redistribution, evaporation
and percolation under non-isothermal conditions. TDR rod sensors and a specific TDR “Taupe” cable sensor were used for water
content measurements and allowed the infiltration fronts to be traced over the whole column length. Applying single irrigations
of different amount and intensity showed the applicability of the experimental setup for the measurement of water movement
in the unsaturated soil column. 相似文献