共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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大量观测事实表明 ,赋存于地壳深部的流体 (水、气、油 )作为弹性介质 ,对深层地壳应力的分布、变化、转移过程及地震孕育、发生等有着较为灵敏的反映。地震的形成与区域构造应力活动强度密切相关 ,这种大范围的区域应力作用会形成多个应力集中点 ,在众多应力集中点上可产生地下流体前兆异常变化。在对新疆地下流体数十年的监测中 ,发现强震前出现大量与地震有关的由区域构造应力活动引起的前兆异常 ,异常范围广且种类繁多 ,它们在成因、特征上与震源应力活动的前兆异常明显不同 ;这种地下水位地震前兆异常场 ,不能完全孤立地与单个地震事件相对应 ,应充分考虑到它与一组或系列地震有关 ,而这些地震往往与块体挤压、断裂活动等区域性的应力活动有关。因此 ,正确区分并掌握其不同的特性 ,对地震预报具有一定的意义 相似文献
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引言 众所周知，井泉的水流量是流体前兆观测中最重要的测项之一。地下水流量变化不仅直接反映着地下应力的变化情况，而且是动水位、地热、水氡等其他地下流体测项动态变化的重要影响因素。 大量震例总结与现场观测试验表明，中强地震前井泉流量有明显的异常变化。车用太等研究了国内外震例剖析及试验观测结果，认为地下水流量观测无论是对地壳应变的反映还是对地壳破裂的反映，都优于地下水压力与温度的观测，也优于地下水化学组分的观测，可能是映震灵敏的地下流体观测项目。张潮明等总结了1990年7月16日菲律宾8.0级和1994年9月16日台湾… 相似文献
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引言 H2和He是反映地壳应力、应变变化较灵敏的组分之一，已基本得到地震地下流体学科的共识。 相似文献
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地下流体尤其是地壳深部的地下水 ,当它们形成具有一定封闭条件的承压系统时 ,能灵敏地反映地壳的应力应变状态 ,这种深部承压系统近似一“天然应变仪”,从这个角度出发 ,研究地下水的动态变化与地壳应力应变的关系 ,利用相关斜率分析法 ,探讨相关斜率 K值时空演变序列与地震间的关系 ,得出相关斜率具有较好的映震能力 ,且有短期预报效应 相似文献
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分析了华北地区自1976年以来MS≥6.0地震前地下流体长趋势变化的形态、演化特征。结果表明:地下流体长趋势变化出现时间早、范围广,具有协调性、重复性、迁移性等特性,主要沿构造带迁移,迁移方向为外围向内迁移或内部向外迁移;形态主要为趋势转折、破年变、加速等,其中绝对大多数为趋势转折变化;地下水位分析表明长趋势变化绝大部分呈现为缓慢上升或下降减缓的走势。对比研究了地壳形变与地下流体长趋势变化,发现地壳形变长趋势时间早于地下流体;形变出现张压变化与水位变化有比较密切的关系,即形变绝大部分出现缓慢压性变化或张性减缓变化,水位绝大部分出现缓慢上升或下降减缓变化。最后讨论了强震前地下流体长趋势变化产生的机理:在地震孕育过程初(早)期,构造应力的缓慢增强将使岩体所含裂缝闭合,地壳发生变形,从而改变岩体的空隙率及相应的孔隙压力和渗透率,引起诸如地下流体长趋势动态异常变化;构造应力缓慢增强并向未来震中聚集,造成地下流体长趋势动态异常变化向震中迁移;而深部物质的不断上涌和影响范围增大致使地下流体长趋势动态异常变化向外围迁移。 相似文献
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强地震前兆异常特征与深部流体作用探讨 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
根据华北几次强震前后地下流体和重力异常特征,结合大地测深资料探讨了地震发生前后深部介质的变化和地壳浅层应力场变化特征。地震发生前震中区地下水位异常主要表现为下降型,气体异常呈上升型,重力和形变也出现异常;在外围地区地震前地下水位异常以上升型为主。 海城地震和大同–阳高地震前地下水位上升、下降异常有方向性分布的趋势,呈 X 形分布,这意味着地壳浅层应力场是压扭型的,并存在垂向应力的作用。在孕震过程中,地球深部流体向上运移,使得震源区及其附近的岩石膨胀、密度降低,震中区地壳浅层应力场呈拉张型,造成地下水储容积增大,地下水位出现了下降型异常。 在特定的构造单元内,地下流体、重力异常的空间分布特征能较好地反映地球深部物质运动和地壳浅层应力场特征。 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(4)
地下流体是地壳中非常活跃的组成部分,它具有流动性和不可压缩性.岩石力学实验结果表明,地震孕育和发生时,会在孕震区局部产生应力集中和大量微裂隙,随着应力的重新分布,发生明显的裂隙开闭等可观测的变化.流体可以把地下深处与地震孕育有关的岩体物理状态变化等信息带到地表,如承压水井的井水位可以用来观测含水层中的体应变,同位素浓度等物理量可以反映流体渗流途径中岩体连通性的改变,在一定条件下可以在地表产生可观测的地震前兆异常现象.关于地下流体发展了一些重要的地震预测方法,本文主要总结了前人关于这些方法的理论和实践,讨论了如何建立地下水短期及临震预兆与地震三要素之间的联系,分析了地下流体反映地震孕育过程需要满足的条件,并对与地下流体有关的地震预测方法进行了讨论. 相似文献
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Kelley Lee Tony McMichael Colin Butler Mike Ahern David Bradley 《Global Change & Human Health》2002,3(1):16-19
Debates over the merits and demerits of globalisation for health are increasingly polarised. Conclusions range from globalisation being essentially positive for health, albeit with a need to smooth out some rough edges, to one of utter condemnation, with adverse effects on the majority of the world's population. Anyone wading into this debate is immediately confronted by seemingly irreconcilable differences in ideology, opinion and interests. Both camps agree that global changes are occurring, and with them many of the determinants of population health status. While some skepticism persists about whether “globalisation” has value beyond being a fashionable buzzword, most agree that we need better understanding of these changes. Two difficult questions arise: (i) What are the health impacts of these changes; and (ii) how can we respond more effectively to them? To move beyond the stand-offs that have already formed within the health community, this paper reviews the main empirical evidence that currently exists, summarises key points of debate that remain, and suggests some ways forward for the research and policy communities. In particular, there is need for an informed and inclusive debate about the positive and negative health consequences of globalisation. 相似文献
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D. E. Winch 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1967,67(1):112-122
Summary The nine coefficients of fourth order spherical harmonic functions in the expression for the potential of the main geomagnetic field are used to derive the nine parameters of a fourth order multipole. These nine parameters consist of the strength of the multipole, and four unit vectors or axes. The points of intersection of the axes with the surface of the Earth are called poles. Although movements of the poles over the period 1829 to 1965 are masked by random errors in the spherical harmonic coefficients, all of the axes show eastward components of drift since 1829, but two have drifted westward in later years to return almost to their initial 1829 positions. The strength of the fourth order multipole has shown a general increase, amounting to some 30 per cent of the 1829 value. 相似文献
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四川地震震级与烈度区面积和震源深度的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文按照地震地质分区,同时考虑7级以上地震的空间分布特征,分四川为鲜水河、松潘—龙门山及马边地震带等几个区带,对四川1900年以来既有仪器测定参数、又有宏观烈度考查的33个地震资料,应用多元线性回归分析方法,统计拟合出了震级与不同烈度区面积、烈度值、震源深度之间的多组关系式,其一般形式为:■相关系数R大都在0.90左右,用部分地震检验的结果表明,震级误差一般小于0.3,震源深度误差一般小于5公里,基本消除了离散情况,笔者用求得的关系式对1900年以前的有三条以上等震线的部分历史地震的震级、震源深度进行了标定,结果也比较令人满意。 相似文献
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Denis E. Winch 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1967,68(1):90-102
Summary The notion of a dipole is generalized to the case of the fifth order spherical harmonic coefficients of the geomagnetic potential. The corresponding five axes and fifth order multipole strength are computed for ten epochs in the interval 1845 to 1965. 相似文献
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《Acta Geochimica》2016,(1)
Recent geochemical and geophysical data from the Moon enable a revision of earlier interpretations regarding lunar origin, structure and bulk composition. Earth and Moon show many similarities among their isotopic compositions, but they have evolved in totally dissimilar ways, probably related to the deficiency of water and volatile elements in the Moon as well as the vast differences in size and internal pressure. Some global geochemical differences from the Earth such as volatile depletion based on K/U ratios have been established. However, all current lunar samples come from differentiated regions, making the establishment of a bulk composition more reliant on bulk geophysical properties or isotopic similarities; it remains unclear how the latter arose or relate to whole Moon composition. The lack of fractionation effects among the refractory and super-refractory elements indicates that the proto-lunar material seems unlikely to have been vaporized while the presence of volatile elements may place lower limits on proto-lunar temperatures. The apparent lack of geochemical evidence of an impacting body enables other possible impactors, such as comets, to be considered. Although the origin of the Moon remains currently unknown, it is generally believed that the Moon originated as the result of a giant impact on the Earth. 相似文献
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The mesosphere, which extends from about 50 to 90 km altitude, is an atmospheric region characterized by a negative gradient of solar energy absorption, and thus, temperature. Although the distribution of most minor constituents is dominated by photochemistry, vertical transport does have a pronounced effect on many of them. Hence, we discuss the basic dynamic principles and their application to the important mesopheric motions: acoustic-gravity waves, tides, planetary scale waves, and eddy motions.The most important minor electrically neutral constituents are compounds of oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen. In fact, the allotropes of oxygen are in many ways the most significant because they screen out solar ultraviolet radiation and provide the principal source of mesospheric heating (absorption of solar UV by O2 and ozone). We also discuss oxides of nitrogen and hydrogen which strongly influence the balance of odd oxygen (O and O3). Brief discussions of the chemistry of carbon compounds and of excited species are also included.The chemistry of ionic species present in the mesosphere is very important because it strongly influences the propagationand absorption of radio waves. Because of ion clustering and negative-ion formation, such chemistry is extremely complex, and it is only very recently that we have begun to understand it. The current state of knowledge is discussed in some detail. The principles involved in constructing models for predicting the distribution of minor constituents, both neutral and ionic, are presented. 相似文献
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水库蓄水后可能诱发的地震危险性估计是工程地震工作中的一项重要环节,其中可能诱发的地震强度是人们特别关注的要素。本文基于国内外41个水库地震震例,从目前对水库地震形成机理的认识水平出发,提取了15个可能的诱震指标,应用模式识别的一些方法对水库蓄水后的诱发地震危险性进行复因子评估,通过内符检验讨论了这些方法在水库诱发地震危险性上的估计效能,给出了其错误概率估计值,结果表明,这些方法能够相对客观和合理地评定水库蓄水后可能诱发的地震危险性水平大小,在工程上具有一定应用价值。 相似文献
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三峡工程对坝下长江流量影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据长江水情的具体特点,采用Ｐｒｅｉｓｍａｎｎ隐式格式,建立了一个描述长江情的水动力学数值模式。以最佳拟合历史水文资料,重演历史水文过程为原则,率定数值模式中的各参数;并运行率定后的模式,进行三峡工程对坝下长江若干断面处流量影响的模拟预测。 相似文献
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简要介绍同车公司地裂缝观测站情况,以2013年至2016年数字化改造后的观测数据为基础,结合仪器工作原理,分析三维断层形变测量仪测值与观测仪两端辅助温度测值的关系。结果表明,地裂缝三维断层形变观测中,垂直向DFG观测受地裂缝两端辅助温度影响较显著,地裂缝垂直形变变化是热形变效应和断层运动信息的综合反映。 相似文献