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1.
《Marine pollution bulletin》1986,17(5):209-213
Various octocorallian and scleractinian corals from within the Great Barrier Reef Province were analysed for zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel and lead by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Of the two coral groups, the octocorals accumulated significantly greater amounts of all detectable metals. The soft coral, Sarcophyton sp., revealed distinct inter-locational differences for zinc, copper and cadmium. The potential of this genus for monitoring trace metal pollution in tropical reef waters is briefly discussed. 相似文献
2.
Tissues and organs of the flounder collected from the Severn at Oldbury, in the course of a year long survey, have been analysed for lead, cadmium and zinc. Differences have been noted in the level of zinc deposition in the various age groups of this teleost, particularly in autumn and summer. In an attempt to explain these results, the feeding habits of the flounder have been studied and heavy metal analyses conducted on some of its principal foodstuffs and related animals. 相似文献
3.
Concentrations of silver, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc were measured in five species of finfish collected from the New York Bight and two from Long Island Sound. With few exceptions the trace metal contents were similar for the various species examined and also for a single species when comparing catch locations. Metal levels also were similar to concentrations reported by two other investigators who studied fish from the North Atlantic. 相似文献
4.
Transplanted mussels and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) were used to assess levels of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc at four sites situated inside and outside of two enclosed marinas, near Melbourne, Australia. Mussels accumulated all metals except cadmium. Over one year, there were large temporal differences in tissue metal levels in mussels, but differences between sites were only apparent for copper and lead. DGT showed temporal differences of the same kind as those seen in the mussels, but appeared to have more power to discriminate between sites. DGT found higher copper levels inside marinas than outside, and high levels of zinc were found inside one marina. Levels of copper and zinc were high enough to be of environmental concern for one site. The effect of fouling on DGT measurements will have to be quantified, or avoided by the use of multiple short-term exposures, if the technique is to become a widespread in situ monitoring tool. 相似文献
5.
The results of the present study are based on enzyme biomarker measurements in flounder (Platichthys flesus), a flatfish species that is widely distributed in Baltic coastal waters. The fish were collected from known pollution gradients and from reference areas regarded as relatively free of anthropogenic input. Muscular cholinesterases (ChEs), hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST), and hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activities were measured in each sampled specimen of flounder. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to analyze the dependence of the enzyme activity on sampling year and area as well as on the biological parameters of the fish. Statistically significant differences in the activities of the measured biomarkers were observed between reference and contaminated sites. ChEs and GST activities differed with gender. The results of this study suggest that the location and year of sampling have a significant impact on the activity of all the measured biomarkers. 相似文献
6.
《Marine pollution bulletin》1986,17(3):96-98
Filtered (0.45 μm), unacidified, surface seawater samples, collected at 3-monthly intervals for 9 months from three locations within the Great Barrier Reef Province, were analysed for zinc, copper, nickel, cadmium and lead by atomic absorption spectroscopy (air/acetylene flame) following Chelex-100 (ammonium form) extraction. Mean levels of each metal ranged from 0.03–0.35; 0.11–0.24; 0.06–0.16; <0.01–0.06; all less than 0.06 μg l−1 respectively. Significant interlocational differences were observed for copper and nickel and clear temporal trends were identified for copper (location-dependent) and cadmium. 相似文献
7.
A history of metal pollution in the Upper Gulf of Thailand 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sediment cores were taken from the Upper Gulf of Thailand and 5-cm strata were analysed for cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc and aluminium. At the Chao Phrya River mouth area, enriched concentrations of cadmium and lead were observed at the top end of the cores. On applying the sedimentation rates found by the 210Pb method, these layers were found to correspond to the past 30 years. No enrichment was found for chromium, copper or zinc. 相似文献
8.
The behaviour and oxygen consumption rates of adult mud snails, exposed to five metals individually (arsenic, cadmium, copper, silver and zinc) and to one combination of two metals (cadmium and copper), have been examined. The oxygen uptake of distressed and retracted snails was found to be lower than that of controls after exposure to all individual metals except cadmium, which resulted in an elevation of oxygen consumption. The combination of copper and cadmium resulted in a lower rate than either metal alone. 相似文献
9.
《Marine pollution bulletin》1989,20(2):69-73
Acute toxicty tests (LT50) of copper or cadmium on the crustacean isopod Idothea baltica demonstrated differences between females, males, and juveniles. Copper appears to be more toxic than cadmium. the effects of chronic exposure to 5 μl−1 and 500 μl−1 copper or cadmium were evaluated from survival, body growth, and sex ratio in the first stages of juveniles development. While in juveniles 500 μl−1 significantly affected body growth, sex ratio, and survival, 5 μl−1 affected only survival. The study of the long-term effects of a pollutant on different demographic parameters in a species can serve to assess a ‘safe’ level of environmental contamination. 相似文献
10.
The Danish Maritime Safety Administration (DaMSA) provides forecast of elevations, currents, and other parameters to the maritime
society. Accurate and reliable predictions are important to help navigate Danish waters in a safe manner, and the forecasts
are routinely used by the Vessel Traffic Services in the Great Belt and the Sound. The DaMSA model setup includes three nested
models, with coarse resolution in the North Atlantic and increasing to 600 m in the Belt Sea and South West Baltic. Observations
of some special events in late 2009 drew attention to a possible relation between Atlantic-scale surge events and small-scale
currents in the Danish Straits. During the special event with large-scale surge, the observed southward moving current in
the Danish Straits was 0.5–2.0 m/s for several days, while the operational model showed a much smaller response. As a consequence,
the entire DaMSA model complex was revised during 2010. Multi-annual reruns have showed that with the updated model, the explained
variance of the current increases from 67% to 88%. 相似文献
11.
Ambient, natural levels of selected heavy metals were assayed from deep, offshore populations of attached seaweeds from 1980 through 1983 from Pigeon Hill, 37 km from the nearest shoreline in the Gulf of Maine, and from Block Island, 23 km from the nearest mainland in Rhode Island Sound. Concentration levels of barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, lead and zinc were low when compared with concentration values published for a variety of seaweeds from the eastern and western North Atlantic. Values from Pigeon Hill and Block Island provide baseline data for long term monitoring of a relatively pristine, offshore, benthic community in the western North Atlantic. 相似文献
12.
Méndez L Alvarez-Castañeda ST Acosta B Sierra-Beltrán AP 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(3):217-221
Samples of liver, lung, heart, muscle, and blubber tissue from the carcasses of juvenile gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) found stranded on the coast off the Sea of Cortez, México were analyzed for a range of trace metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Cd). The highest concentrations of copper, iron, zinc, and manganese were found in liver; nickel and lead in heart, and cadmium in kidney. In all tissues analyzed, iron, zinc and copper were present in the highest concentrations; however, some whales also showed high levels of cadmium in the kidney which could be related to their diet. Elevated concentrations of copper were found only in the liver of one whale. In general, where low levels of iron were found in the liver, they were associated with poor nutrition. Lead, nickel, manganese and zinc levels in liver were within the normal range, indicating that these whales had not been exposed to high levels of these metals. 相似文献
13.
Edward R. Long 《Marine pollution bulletin》1982,13(11):380-383
The Marine Ecosystems Analysis (MESA) Puget Sound Project was initiated to determine the existing levels, sources, fates and effects of toxic chemicals in Puget Sound, Washington. An approach was developed to assess the concentrations of a suite of contaminants and to measure a suite of biological parameters known to be responsive to contaminants. Metals, aromatic hydrocarbons and synthetic organics were found throughout the Sound. Highest concentrations were in bays near urban areas, particularly Elliott Bay near Seattle and Commencement Bay near Tacoma. A variety of biological disorders, including liver tumors in flatfish, and benthic community parameters were correlated with elevated contaminant levels. Because of the high contaminant concentrations there, and the high potential for exposure of humans to them, Commencement Bay has been identified by the US Environmental Protection Agency as a high priority toxic dump site in the United States, and remedial action is planned. 相似文献
14.
Tissue cadmium and zinc levels in Steller sea lions have been analysed to elucidate the body distribution of these metals and their age-related accumulation. A significant correlation between age (0.7–8.8 year old) and renal and hepatic cadmium concentration was noted. Of the tissues examined, the kidney manifested the highest cadmium content (mean: 20.9 μg g?1 dry wt). A similar zinc distribution pattern was observed; its concentration was more uniform among tissues than that of cadmium. The tissue cadmium concentration in the Steller sea lion was lower than in other pinnipeds from various areas, possibly due to their feeding habits which may represent a major pathway of metal accumulation. 相似文献
15.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,80(1-2):188-195
A new salt resistant alkaline phosphatase from eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius (StAP) has been shown to have a unique property to hydrolyze substrate in seawater without loss of enzymatic activity. The enzyme has pH optimum at 8.0–8.5. Model experiments showed various concentrations of copper, zinc, cadmium and lead added to seawater or a standard buffer mixture to inhibit completely the enzyme activity at the concentrations of 15–150 μg/l. StAP sensitivity to the presence in seawater of metals, pesticides, detergents and oil products appears to be considerably less. Samples of seawater taken from aquatic areas of the Troitsy Bay of the Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea have been shown to inhibit the enzyme activity; the same was shown for the samples of fresh waters. The phosphatase inhibition assay developed proved to be highly sensitive, technically easy-to use allowing to test a great number of samples. 相似文献
16.
The distribution of zinc, manganese, nickel, copper and cadmium in water and biological material has been measured in the southern North Sea and Straits of Dover, and off the north-east coast of England. These investigations provide baseline values against which future pollution changes can be measured. 相似文献
17.
Twelve trace elements (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, managenese, mercury, scandium, selenium and zinc) were determined by neutron activation analysis in a planktonic copepod (Acartia clausi) from Elefsis Bay of the Upper Saronikos Gulf, Greece. During the first cruise (January 1974) higher levels of most of these trace elements were found in this copepod collected from a polluted area of the bay. This trend however was not observed during the second cruise (February 1974) possibly due to the termination of the active vertical convection. Lower levels of cobalt, similar levels of iron and slightly increased levels of chromium were found in Elefsis Bay Acartia clausi from those reportedin Acartia clausi from the Bay of Roquebrune. Slightly increased concentrations of antimony and zinc as well as lower concentrations of arsenic and cadmium were found in Acartia clausi than those reported in other Copepoda. No significant differences were found for copper, manganese and mercury. More data are needed to confirm if higher levels of antimony, chromium and zinc found in Acartia clausi are due to the pollution of the bay. 相似文献
18.
Sediment cores were collected from the remote subalpine Great Ghost Lake in southern Taiwan. Because the lake is anoxic the sediments are well preserved, distinctive past variations can be dated accurately. The vertical distributions of total and acid-leached metal concentrations for aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, cerium, chromium, cesium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, lead, rubidium, strontium, vanadium and zinc are measured and the fluxes determined. The dates of higher fluxes in the past 2600 years seem to correlate with dry spells. Further, trace metal fluxes show a large increase but Pb-206/Pb-207 ratios show a large decrease since 1950, suggesting a significant anthropogenic input. 相似文献
19.
The distribution of cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, lead, and zinc in sediments of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia was investigated, and the impact of industrial discharges studied. The pre-cultural levels for these metals are in nearly all cases far less than the post-cultural levels, especially in those sediments deposited in the last half century in the vicinity of urbanized areas. 相似文献
20.
Copper, cadmium and zinc levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in five seaweed species from the south coast of Ireland. The levels from eight sites on the south coast were compared with those from five sites in Cork harbour. Whereas the levels of copper and cadmium from Cork harbour compared favourably with those of the other sites, the levels of zinc at some of the Cork harbour sites were appreciably higher than those of the other sites. 相似文献