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1.
江苏省汛期强降水过程的延伸期预报试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对汛期延伸期降水预报问题,根据大气低频振荡特性,运用低频天气图预报方法,通过分析关键区低频天气系统(低频气旋和低频反气旋)的活动特征,建立低频系统与强降水过程间的对应关系,通过低频系统的活动特征来预报降水过程。在2011年7—9月江苏省延伸期强降水过程预报试验中,低频天气图预报方法的预报效果较好,且预报时效为10~30 d,可以在延伸期业务预报中加以应用。此外,还运用模式统计降尺度方法预报降水落区,为强降水过程的发生提供背景依据和参考信息,具有一定的实用意义。 相似文献
2.
江苏省汛期强降水过程的延伸期预报试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对汛期延伸期降水预报问题,根据大气低频振荡特性,运用低频天气图预报方法,通过分析关键区低频天气系统(低频气旋和低频反气旋)的活动特征,建立低频系统与强降水过程间的对应关系,通过低频系统的活动特征来预报降水过程.在2011年7-9月江苏省延伸期强降水过程预报试验中,低频天气图预报方法的预报效果较好,且预报时效为10 ～30 d,可以在延伸期业务预报中加以应用.此外,还运用模式统计降尺度方法预报降水落区,为强降水过程的发生提供背景依据和参考信息,具有一定的实用意义. 相似文献
3.
利用陕西省2008—2013年5—9月日降水资料及NCEP 500hPa的u、v风场资料,基于低频天气图的预报原理,统计降水时段500hPa风场上低频气旋和反气旋的空间分型、位置和出现次数,归纳出影响降水过程的9个高影响区,以及不同低频气旋和反气旋的配置类型与降水过程间的联系,通过低频系统的活动特征来预报降水过程。在2013—2015年陕西省延伸期强降水过程预报试验中,低频天气图预报方法的预报效果较好,且预报时效为10~30d,可以在延伸期预报业务中加以应用。 相似文献
4.
福建前汛期持续性强降水的大气低频特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用福建1979—2010年66个气象站逐日降水资料和NCEP再分析资料和OLR资料,揭示了福建前汛期降水的低频特征,分析了福建前汛期持续性强降水同期的大气低频特征以及前期低频信号的演变特征,结果表明:(1)福建前汛期降水存在显著的低频周期,出现频率较高的前三个低频周期分别为:10~20、30~60和20~30 d;约63%的年份出现两种以上显著的低频周期;10~90 d低频变化占前汛期降水总方差的20%~30%;(2)前汛期总雨量与降水低频信号的强度呈显著正相关关系,持续性强降水的强度和持续时间与降水的低频特征关系密切,以BWO(ISO)为主的年份,持续性强降水的持续时间较短(长)。(3)福建前汛期持续性强降水期间日本以东、索马里以东和南海三个关键区皆为低频反气旋,日本至渤海湾南下的冷空气与索马里越赤道气流、南海南部越赤道气流在福建上空持续相遇形成低频气旋,导致福建上空低层低频辐合、高层低频辐散,对流活跃。(4)福建前汛期持续性强降水与热带及副热带大气低频变化密切相关,热带MJO的东传以及东亚西北太平洋地区低频信号的北传对福建持续性强降水过程的延伸期预报具有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
5.
《高原气象》2017,(2)
使用NCEP/NCAR格点资料和华南地区主要站的降水资料,根据华南地区汛期强降水过程的大气低频系统(低频气旋和低频反气旋)的地理位置和相互配置,建立了华南地区汛期(4—9月)大气低频系统延伸期(10~30天)强降水过程预测模型,并在2013—2014年汛期值班应用。结果表明,该模型可以提前10~30天预报华南地区强降水过程。该模型准确预测了2014年华南入汛的首场强降水过程,此次过程在低频天气图上反映明显。同时,还对低频和非低频天气系统的天气学、动力学意义进行了分析,指出低频系统能反映出非低频系统,二者是相互联系的,都反映出南、北气流在华南地区的辐合,从而引起强降水过程,而且二者都与斜压能量转换和低频波列的活动有关。 相似文献
6.
通过对贵州省主汛期季节内振荡(Intra-Seasonal Oscillation,ISO)活跃年进行低频对流场和降水的合成分析,确定了影响贵州主汛期ISO和降水的热带印度洋(Indian Ocean,IO)低频对流关键区和南海(South China Sea,SCS)低频对流关键区,并利用MJO活动轨迹对贵州区域强降水过程开展了延伸期预报试验。将贵州省主汛期ISO位相划分为发展、峰值、减弱、抑制、谷值和恢复6个位相,发现贵州主汛期ISO活跃年的降水与本地区低频对流具有较好的对应关系,即在峰值位相时低频对流最强、降水正异常强度最强;在谷值位相时低频对流最弱、降水负异常强度最强。同时,热带和副热带低频对流场在贵州主汛期ISO波动的第1、4位相、第2、5位相及第3、6位相均呈反位相特征。在热带印度洋低频对流发展、并东传的过程中,有两条传播路径分别激发了孟加拉湾西南季风ISO活跃和南海热带季风ISO活跃共同影响贵州主汛期降水;在贵州主汛期有3个低频对流活跃期,IO关键区和SCS关键区ISO都有3次提前的低频对流加强。基于上述研究,分析MJO活动轨迹对贵州主汛期区域强降水过程的影响,发现热带印度洋MJO活动中心强度在贵州区域强降水过程发生前15 d~前3 d具有较好的持续性预报信号,提前9 d时正相关性最好。与延伸期预报业务规定的预报时段(未来11~30 d)相结合,通过确定贵州典型区域强降水过程发生前(提前量为10 d)至过程结束时段的MJO活动轨迹在历年中的最相似时段,发现MJO活动中心轨迹和强度对贵州区域强降水过程的趋势预报具有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
7.
8.
利用2007-2013年NCEP/NCAR的700 hPa经、纬向风场及水汽场逐日再分析资料和上海市11站逐日降水资料。进行周期分析,提取低频信息,并利用向量场的经验正交函数方法进行分型。结果表明：上海地区梅汛期降水存在30-50 d的显著周期。强降水发生期,低频系统存在4个主要聚集区。贝加尔湖以西至河套地区存在并维持低频反气旋、鄂霍次克海附近多为低频气旋,这两地是中高纬冷空气的主要活动区域;孟加拉湾附近的低频反气旋及热带洋面的低频气旋是水汽的两大源地。这些区域的显著低频系统的生消是延伸预报的主要依据。上海入梅首场强降水发生前,多为偏北气流控制。南北低频气流辐合区向北移动至30°N附近,上海地区梅汛期强降水发生。低频风场及水汽场的北传与梅雨带的移动有较好的对应,当低纬低频水汽稳定北传至30°N附近时,江南北部入梅,随后偏南水汽或继续北进或滞留,对应梅雨带的持续北抬或间歇性停滞。低频经向风及水汽输送的特征是梅汛期延伸期强降水的前兆信号。跟踪监测低频偏南气流的北传进程有助于预报入梅强降水过程。 相似文献
9.
利用四川盆地2008~2013年夏季降水量资料以及500hPa风场资料,基于低频天气图方法,通过分析影响四川盆地强降水过程的500h Pa低频天气系统的活动规律,对强降水时段对应的低频风序列做经验正交分解,分析低频系统的主要空间分布型及其流场配置。统计降水时段对应的低频系统空间位置、分布及持续出现频数,划分出与预测区域降水过程密切关联的8个低频关键区,主要包括中低纬的西太平洋副热带高压及台风的主要活动区(1)、南海附近地区(2)、阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾附近地区(3),中高纬的蒙古至河套附近地区(5)和青藏高原及其以北的低频系统集中区域(6)这五个活跃关键区。计算各关键区低频系统历史周期发现低纬关键区(1、2、3)以及高原关键区(6)低频系统的周期都较短,而中高纬关键区(4、5、7、8)低频系统的周期相对较长。建立预测区域强降水过程的低频图预测模型。用此方法对2013年四川盆地延伸期强降水过程进行预报试验,发现预测6~7月上中旬的强降水过程效果较好,但对盛夏高温连晴伏旱时段(7月下旬8月)的预报能力有所下降。 相似文献
10.
基于1986—2015年湖南逐日降水资料、同期美国气象环境预报中心(NCEP)和美国国家大气研究中心(NCAR)再分析资料,通过分析强低频振荡年的汛期强降水特征和低频环流场演变对强降水的影响,建立了湖南省汛期延伸期强降水过程预报指数。结果表明:(1)汛期33%的强降水过程均发生在具有显著30~60 d低频振荡的年份中,且大多位于低频降水峰值阶段。(2)通过对强低频振荡年进行合成发现,在活跃位相,南亚高压偏强偏东,副热带高压偏西偏强,这种环流配置导致中国南方大部分地区的高层环流为辐散,底层环流为辐合,有利于降水的产生。在中断位相,南亚高压呈东西带状分布且其位置偏西、强度偏弱,副热带高压偏东偏弱,使得向湖南地区输送水汽的西南气流减弱,进入降水中断期。(3)基于低频散度场不同位相的变化特征,选取了与低频降水相关的两个关键区,从而建立延伸期预报指数,该指数对低频降水显著年的强降水回报准确率能够达到73%。(4)前期4月黑潮的海温异常(SSTA)可作为湖南省强低频振荡年的预测指标。 相似文献
11.
The wavelet analysis is performed of the mid- and low-latitude circulation index at 850 hPa over East Asia, the East Asian
monsoon index and the precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 1998 South China Sea Monsoon
Experiment (SCSMEX) from May to August. Analysis shows that distinct 30–60 day low-frequency oscillation (LFO) exists in all
of the above elements during the exper-iment period. Analysis of low-frequency wind field at 850 hPa from May to August with
5 days interval is performed in this paper. Analysis results reveal that: (1) A low-frequency monsoon circulation system over
East Asia, characterized by distinct 30–60 day low-frequency oscillation, exists over 100°-150°E of East Asian area from the
middle and eastern parts of China continent and the South China Sea to the western Pacific in both the Northern and Southern
Hemisphere. The activity of East Asian monsoon is mainly af-fected by the low-frequency systems in it; (2) All of the tropical
monsoon onset over the South China Sea in the fifth pentad of May, the beginning of the Meiyu period and heavy rainfall over
the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in mid-June and the heavy rainfall after mid-July are related to the activity
of low-frequency cyclone belt over the region, whereas the torrential rainfall over the upper reaches of the Yangtze River
in August is associated with the westward propagation of low-frequency anticyclone into the mainland; (3) There are two sources
of low-frequency oscillation system over East Asia during SCSMEX. i.e. the equatorial South China Sea (SCS) and mid-high latitudes
of the middle Pacific in the Northern Hemisphere. The low-frequency system over SCS propagates northward while that in mid-high
latitudes mainly propagates from northeast to southwest. Both of the heavy rainfall over the middle and lower reaches of the
Yangtze River in June and July are associated with the northward propagation of the above-mentioned SCS low-frequency systems
from the tropical region and the southwestward propagation from mid-high latitudes respectively and their convergence in the
middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; (4) There are two activities of low-frequency cyclone and anticyclone belt
each in the East Asian monsoon system during May to August. However the activity of these low-frequency circulation systems
is not clearly relevant to the low-frequency circulation system in the Indian monsoon system. This means that the low-frequency
circulation systems in Indian monsoon and East Asian monsoon are independent of each other. The concept previously put forward
by Chinese scholars that the East Asian monsoon circulation sys-tem (EAMCS) is relatively independent monsoon circulation
system is testified once more in the summer 1998.
This work was supported by the key project A of the State Ministry of Science and Technology “South China Sea Monsoon Experiment”
and the fruit of it. 相似文献
12.
1998 SCSMEX期间亚洲30－60天低频振荡特征的分析 总被引：34，自引：0，他引：34
对１９９８年 ５－８月南海季风试验（ＳＣＳＭＥＸ）期间东亚地区 ８５０ ｈＰａ中低纬环流指数、东亚季风指数和长江中下游降水进行了Ｍｏｒｌｅｔ 小波分析,结果表明在此期间这些要素均有明显的３０－６０天周期低频振荡。在此基础上对 ５－８月每隔 ５天的 ８５０ ｈＰａ低频流场进行分析,结果表明：（１）１００°－１５０°Ｅ间东亚从中国东中部大陆经南海和西太平洋的南北半球中明显的存在一个以３０－６０天低频荡为特征的东亚季风低频环流系统,东亚季风活动主要受东亚季风系统中低频活动影响;（２）５月第５候南海热带季风爆发、６月中旬长江中下游人梅及产生大暴雨以及７月中旬以后的该地区大暴雨均与低频气旋带在该地区活动有关,而８月长江上游大暴雨则与低频反气旋伸人到大陆有关;（３）ＳＣＳＭＥＸ期间东亚低频振荡系统的源地有二个,即南海赤道和北半球中太平洋中高纬。南海低频系统向北传播,而中高纬低频系统自东北向西南传播为主。长江中下游６、７月二次大暴雨均与上述二个低频气旋系统自热带向北和中高纬向西南传播并于长江中下游汇合有关;（４）５－８月间东亚季风系统中有二次低频气旋带和二次低频反气旋带活动,这些低频环流系统的活动与印度季风低频环流系统活动并无明 相似文献
13.
Temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the 30-60 day oscillation (intraseasonal oscillation, ISO) of summer rainfall in China and the effects of East Asian monsoon on the rainfall ISO are analyzed in this paper. Results show that the annual and decadal variations of the oscillation exist between 1960 and 2008, and the intensity is weakest in the late 1970s and early 1980s. In the typical strong years of the rainfall ISO obtained from empirical orthogonal functions (EOF mode 1), an anticyclone is in northwestern Pacific and a cyclone is in the east of China. In the typical weak years, the wind ISO is much weaker. The low-frequency zonal wind and water vapor transport from the low latitudes to mid-latitudes in the typical strong years, and the oscillation strength of diabatic heating is much stronger than that in the weak years of the rainfall ISO. The anomaly characteristics of the rainfall ISO show anti-phases between the Yangtze River basin and south of China. As for the typical strong years of the rainfall ISO in the Yangtze River basin (EOF mode 2), the main oscillation center of water vapor is in the east of China (20-30°N, 110-130°E). In the peak (break) phase of the rainfall oscillation, a low-frequency cyclone (anticyclone) is in the Yangtze River basin and an anticyclone (cyclone) is near Taiwan Island. In addition, the peak rainfall corresponds to the heat source in the Yangtze River basin and the heat sink in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. As for the typical strong years of the rainfall ISO in the south of China, the main oscillation center of water vapor is south of 20°N. In the peak (break) phase of the rainfall ISO, a low-frequency cyclone (anticyclone) is in the south of China and an anticyclone (cyclone) is in the Philippines. The peak rainfall corresponds to the heat source in the south of China and the South China Sea, and the heat sink in the west of Indochina. 相似文献
14.
夏季长江淮河流域异常降水事件环流差异及机理研究 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5
长江、淮河同处东亚中纬度,天气过程的大尺度环流背景相似,大量相关研究基本是把江淮流域天气气候事件作为一个整体研究,然而对长江、淮河流域夏季降水的时空变化进行分析发现,长江、淮河流域夏季异常降水事件有各自不同的年际、年代际变化特征,但环流差异及成因并不十分清楚。本文根据中国台站降水资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,利用物理量诊断和现代统计学等方法,重点分析长江、淮河流域梅雨期降水异常事件发生时南北半球大气环流内部动力过程的差异及成因。研究指出:长江（淮河）流域梅雨期降水异常偏多年500 hPa位势高度场亚洲中高纬度环流呈现为南北向（东西向）的波列与东亚中高纬鄂霍茨克海阻塞频次增多（减少）以及200 hPa高度场上东亚副热带高空西风急流强度加强（减弱）、稳定（移动）有关;长江（淮河）流域梅雨期降水异常偏多年主要水汽来源与南半球澳大利亚高压、马斯克林高压位置偏东（西）造成西太平洋150°E～180°（阿拉伯海50°E～60°E）地区越赤道气流加强有关。长江（淮河）流域梅雨期异常降水事件大气环流内部动力过程最显著的差异表现为:东亚副热带高空西风急流加强（减弱）以及南半球澳大利亚高压、马斯克林高压位置偏东（西）。 相似文献
15.
Intraseasonal variations of the Yangtze rainfall and its related atmospheric circulation features during the 1991 summer 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The intraseasonal variations of the Yangtze rainfall over eastern China and its related atmospheric circulation characteristics during the 1991 summer are examined based on the gauge-observed rainfall and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. Wavelet analysis shows that during the 1991 summer, the active and break sequences of rainfall over the middle and lower Yangtze Basin are mainly regulated by an oscillatory mode with a period of 15–35 days. An investigation of the circulation features suggests that the 15–35-day oscillation is associated with an anomalous low-level cyclone (anticyclone) appearing alternatively over the northern South China Sea (SCS) and the Philippine Sea, and related to a northeastward (southwestward) shift of the western Pacific subtropical anticyclone over the SCS, leading to a lower tropospheric divergence (convergence) over the Yangtze Basin. In the upper troposphere, the 15–35-day oscillation exhibits a dipole anomaly characterized by an anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) over eastern China and an anomalous anticyclone (cyclone) over the northern Tibetan Plateau, resulting in a southwestward shrinking (northeastward extending) of the South Asian anticyclone, and forming a convergence (divergence) over eastern China. Such a coupled anomalous flow pattern between the lower and upper troposphere favors large-scale descending (ascending) motion, and hence reduced (enhanced) rainfall over the Yangtze Basin. Dynamically, the intraseasonal variations in the Yangtze rainfall are mainly determined by the coupling between the low-level relative vorticity and the upper-level divergence. In the middle troposphere, the 15–35-day oscillation of the subtropical high is originated over the central North Pacific north of Hawaii, then propagates westward to the SCS-Philippine Sea, and finally modulates the intraseasonal variations of the Yangtze rainfall. 相似文献
16.
17.
Effects of intraseasonal oscillation on the anomalous East Asian summer monsoon during 1999 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The 1999 East Asian summer monsoon was very unusual for its weak northward advance and remarkably anomalous climate conditions. The monsoonal southwesterly airflow and related rain belt in East Asia were blocked south of the Yangtze River Valley. The monsoonal airflow and major moisture transport conduct shifted eastward and turned northward to Japan from the tropical western Pacific rather than to East China from the South China Sea （SCS） as in normal years. Severe and prolonged drought occurred over extensive areas of North China and heavy precipitation in South China and Japan. The investigation on the possible intrinsic mechanisms related to such an anomalous monsoon year has shown that the unique behavior of intraseasonal oscillation may play an essential role during this process. During this year, the northward propagation of 30-60-day anomalous low-level cyclone/anticyclone collapsed in the region around 20°N and did not extend beyond the latitudes of the Yangtze River basin due to the barrier of strong cold air intrusion from the mid-latitudes. The southwesterly moisture flux on the northwestern flank of the anticyclonic moisture transport system in the western North Pacific, which was regulated by the northward shift of 30-60-day cyclonic/anticyclonic moisture transport, also did not reach the region north of 30°N as well. Under this circumstance, the weak northward advance of the monsoon westerlies and associated northward moisture transport could not arrive in North China and led to the severe droughts there in 1999. The SCS and South China were mostly affected by the airflow in the southern and northern flanks of the same 30-60-day cyclones or anticyclones, respectively, and thus controlled by the nearly reverse zonal wind and moisture convergent/divergent conditions. The rainfall in the SCS and South China showed out-of-phase oscillation through the transient local Hadley circulation, with the rainfall maximum occurring in the SCS （South China） when the 30-60-day anticyclone （cyclone） r 相似文献
18.
利用1979-2015年海洋和大气再分析资料,基于夏季太平洋-日本遥相关型(PJ)指数,讨论了PJ指数在极端正负年份长江中下游降水位置和强度异常的不对称响应及其可能原因。结果表明:在PJ负位相年(对应El Niňo次年),长江中下游降水显著偏多,中心分别位于江淮流域和日本南部;而在PJ正位相年(对应La Niňa次年),长江中下游降水减少却不明显。研究发现:在PJ负位相年,中东太平洋、印度洋、南海地区海温明显偏暖,菲律宾海上空有异常反气旋响应,长江中下游地区有异常气旋响应;而在PJ正位相年则反之。在PJ负(正)位相年,菲律宾海异常反气旋(气旋)和长江中下游地区异常气旋(反气旋)明显偏强(偏弱),由此导致长江中下游降水位置和强度异常存在不对称响应。基于大气环流模式ECHAM4.8的敏感性数值试验结果表明,即使印度洋海温偏暖与偏冷程度相当,但由偏暖印度洋海温激发的菲律宾海异常反气旋也明显偏强,从而造成长江中下游地区降水偏多程度大于偏少程度。由此印证的事实是:El Niňo次年(PJ负位相年)长江中下游夏季降水偏多的预测技巧高于La Niňa次年夏季降水偏少的预测技巧。 相似文献
19.
中国东南部5—8月持续性强降水和环流异常的准双周振荡 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5
利用1979—2009年夏季(5—8月)中国站点逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR大气再分析资料以及向外长波辐射(OLR)资料,分析了中国东南部夏季持续性强降水的低频特征及其伴随的低频大气环流形势,利用超前滞后合成的方法对该低频信号的来源和传播特征进行了研究。结果表明:中国东南部夏季降水存在明显的准双周低频振荡,低频降水事件(持续性强降水)在6月10日前后和7月1日前后发生的次数较多,持续5d的低频降水事件降水量占总低频降水事件的比例最大。在低频降水事件发生时期,中国东南部在低层是很强的低频气旋式环流,而在中国南海至西太平洋一带则是强大的低频反气旋,同时低频的水汽从孟加拉湾北部以及中国南海、菲律宾海一带输送到长江以南地区强烈辐合上升;此时在高层一个低频反气旋控制中国东北部地区,该低频反气旋与其西侧的低频反气旋以及位于中国东南沿海的低频气旋相互配合,使得长江以南地区高层强烈地辐散,加强了低层的上升运动。在超前低频降水7d左右时,大气低层在150°E洋面附近开始出现低频反气旋,逐渐加强并向西移动到达中国东南沿海,而在中国南海一带的低频气旋则向西北移动到长江以南地区,与此同时,副热带高压有一个明显的西伸过程,高低层相互配合最终导致低频降水的发生。 相似文献
20.
利用1951—2010年NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料和中国160站月降水总量资料,研究了菲律宾海地区大气环流异常与长江中下游6月旱涝的关系。结果表明,菲律宾海附近是影响长江中下游地区6月降水的关键区。菲律宾异常反气旋（气旋）在对流层低层明显,强度随高度衰减。且这种大气环流异常与长江中下游地区6月降水的相关关系在低层850hPa最显著,到高层相关性减弱。当出现菲律宾异常反气旋环流时,垂直速度和水汽输送等异常分布特征有利于降水发生,使得长江中下游地区偏涝,反之则偏旱。 相似文献