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1.
One of the prime global issues in the field of hydrological science is water scarcity and its degrading quality. In this paper, geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques are applied over a study of granite watershed area of ～200 km2 with semi-arid climatic conditions for estimating surface runoff using a modified soil conservation service curve number method and subsequent site selection for water harvesting structures such as check dams and percolation ponds to enhance recharge of groundwater. Further, some of the sites selected for appropriate construction of recharge structures through analytic hierarchy process were investigated for site efficacy. All the recharge sites selected were found feasible and appropriately suitable. This study demonstrates the capability of GIS and its application for the construction of water harvesting structures over semi-arid areas. 相似文献
2.
J. P. Singh Darshdeep Singh P. K. Litoria 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2009,37(1):21-35
A case study has been conducted to identify suitable sites for water harvesting structures in Soankhad watershed, Punjab using
information technologies such as Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (RS-GIS). The IRS-1C, P6 satellite imagery
of the Soankhad watershed was used. The various Thematic maps such as land use map, hydrological soil group map, slope map
and DEM map were prepared for selecting suitable site for construction of water harvesting structures. The suitable sites
were not found for nala bunding and farm ponds due to steep slope, less soil thickness and high runoff velocity. Fourteen
check dams and six percolation tanks were proposed for the construction as per Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development
(IMSD) guidelines. The water balance study of the Soankhad watershed was also computed with monthly mean temperature and rainfall
data using TM model. The average runoff for the wet season (July–September) 1996 was computed to be about 1543.82 mm and the
total runoff volume from the Soankhad watershed was estimated to be about 143.52 Mm3. 相似文献
3.
长江流域水资源空间分配 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对当前水资源空间分配方法存在影响因素选择不全,权重设计主观性强,且难以适用于大尺度流域范围等问题,该文提出了一种面向长江流域的水资源空间分配模型。该模型选取了年均降雨量、地形坡度、地表植被覆盖和区域集水面积作为水资源分配的影响因子,利用相关性分析方法和AHP层次分析法优化了因子影响权重设计,实现了长江流域的水资源空间分配,并采用长江流域二级子流域的水资源量统计数据进行精度检验。实验结果揭示了长江流域水资源量在1km格网尺度的空间分布差异,表明了该文面向长江流域水资源空间分配模型的合理性和准确性。 相似文献
4.
The aim of this research is evaluation of land suitability for urban land‐use planning. Four factors and fourteen criteria were selected for suitability analysis and land‐use planning. Factors and criteria were defined based on literature survey, experts’ opinions, local contexts and availability of data. GIS‐based Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used as a Multi‐criteria Decision Making model. The study was conducted on a selected area of Dhaka city, which is one of the fastest growing mega‐cities of the world. The research result shows that highly suitable area (13%) should be used for urban residential zone; moderately suitable area (35%) should be designated as mixed use zone; low suitable area (42%) should be reserved for agricultural use and open spaces; and not suitable area (10%) should be protected from any types of activities except agriculture. The research approached an urban land‐use planning at a regional scale. 相似文献
5.
Praveen G. Saptarshi Rao Kumar Raghavendra 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2009,37(4):693-704
The planning of conservation measures to conserve water and soil resources taking hydrological planning unit as micro-watershed
is considered to be effective. The automated watershed delineation technique using the spline interpolated filled digital
elevation model (DEM) is effective in converging slopes of the area in which the stream patterns match with the manually digitized
stream patterns of the topographical map. The various vector spatial layers like the slope/aspect, land-use/land-cover, runoff
potential, soil erosion potential and the associated attribute information governing the criteria for different conservation
structures can act as input layers in integrated spatial analysis module in GIS environment to evolve derived layers indicating
the locations of conservation sites meeting the requisite criteria. The reliability of suitable conservation sites suggested
out of integrated spatial GIS analysis could be ascertained using the multi criteria analysis incorporating the various factors
controlling soil erosion process in the micro-watershed groups. The details of the above work are discussed in the paper. 相似文献
6.
Biplab Biswas 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2009,37(4):705-717
Markov chains have been used to model spatial changes in a variety of spheres. Changes in social situations, economic standards,
natural resource availability, and even weather conditions have been explored and predicted using Markov Random Function (MRF)
and Markov Random Chains (MRC). In this section, we try to use data of Mahata village of Bhatar Block, extracted from GIS
based maps/images in a MRC to obtain present transition probabilities and predict future changes. The village is facing the
problem of decreasing the water table and at the same time the number of surface water bodies is also decreasing. This is
a serious situation for the development of the agricultural activities in general and at the same time it poses threat to
the human habitation of the village in the long run. The average depth of the ground water table from ground level increased
from 8 meter to 15 meter within the last 10 years. The threat is coming from the changes in land use and land cover, especially
due to substantial extension of agricultural activities which is expanding at a very fast rate. Increasing population is also
demanding more lands for settlement and industrial uses. The surface water bodies i.e. the ponds etc. are used for such intensive
irrigation purposes. As a result the surface water bodies depletes before the onset of summer. The cultivators use those dried
up ponds or surface water bodies for agricultural purposes also. There is thus a serious trend to convert the surface water
bodies into the agricultural land. It is estimated using MRC, that in next 25 years, the number of surface water bodies will
deplete by 50% in the agriculturally active Bhatar PS at the current rates of depletion. Shifting to less water needy crops,
prevention of LULC conversion, and water harvesting would provide some solace to the situation. 相似文献
7.
Assessment of a spatial multi-criteria evaluation to site selection underground dams in the Alborz Province,Iran 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Javad Chezgi Seyed Amir Naghibi Hamid Reza Moradi Mirmasoud Kheirkhah Zarkesh 《国际地球制图》2016,31(6):628-646
Most part of Iran is arid and semi-arid; thus in most parts of the region, groundwater is the only source of water. This research presents a method based on a spatial multi-criterion evaluation (SMCE) for designing possible sites of underground dams and ranks them according to their suitability. The method was tested for siting underground dams in the Alborz Province, Iran. At first, screening algorithm was applied using exclusionary criteria, and thirty-one potential areas were recognized in the study area. In the next step, a suitable gorge or valley was recognized using the combination of basic maps and extensive field surveys (long axis of tank level) in each potential area. Subsequently, the analytical hierarchy process was used as a powerful tool for decision-making in the SMCE in order to evaluate different criteria for underground dam sites. SMCE techniques were then applied to combine the criteria, and obtain a suitability map in the study area. These sites were then compared and ranked according to their main criteria such as water, storage, axis and socio-economics. All these criteria were assessed through geographical information system modelling. This method shows passable results and could be used for site selection of underground dams in other regions of Iran. 相似文献
8.
有效监测人工水产养殖水面的分布变化对于海洋资源管理、生态环境保护、防灾减灾具有重要意义。本文以Landsat 5、SPOT 5和GF-1卫星影像为数据源,选择广东省北莉岛为研究区,使用线性光谱解混方法获取中等空间分辨率卫星影像的人工水产养殖水面面积,通过面向对象多尺度分割的方法结合支持向量机分类算法提取高空间分辨率卫星影像的人工水产养殖水面分布。研究结果表明,与单一卫星影像相比,综合多源中高空间分辨率卫星数据延长了人工水产养殖水面变化分析可追溯的时间跨度,提高了监测精度;联合光谱解混和面向对象分类方法开展人工水产养殖长时序遥感监测是可行的。近20多年来,北莉岛人工水产养殖水面的面积经历了先增加后缓慢减少的变化过程,1995—2000年平均增速为23.39 hm2/a,2000—2006年平均增速为23.95 hm2/a,2006—2019年平均减少速度为1.96 hm2/a。 相似文献
9.
水文气象因素引起的重力变化是影响地震重力变化成果解释的重要因素。以中国北疆地区为研究区域,借助全球陆地数据同化系统（global land data assimilation systems,GLDAS）全球水文模型数据、大气模型数据,计算2016-01—2017-12时段内水文气象因素对研究区域的重力影响。计算结果表明,陆地水影响的年变化为1.3 μGal,两期陆地水影响空间分布的差异低于1 μGal;大气影响的年变化为8 μGal,两期大气影响空间分布的差异达到6 μGal。利用2016-04、2016-08和2017-06三期流动重力测量数据,对比扣除水文气象因素前后的重力变化,可以看出,在中国北疆流动重力数据处理中,大尺度水文因素可以不予考虑,气象因素应予考虑。同时,为更好分析流动重力变化,建议流动重力测量过程中同时开展测点附近的土壤湿度、大气气压等观测。 相似文献
10.
Selection of a Landfill Site for Solid Waste Management: An Application of AHP and Spatial Analyst Tool 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Selection of a suitable landfill site for Solid Waste Management (SWM) forms an important component of urban planning. The problem of SWM has assumed significant proportion for the municipal authorities in the wake of rapid industrialization, urbanization and resultant pressure on existing resources. Many criteria such as distance from residential locations, transport connectivity, presence of water-bodies (drains, ponds, rivers etc.) and forests, ground water table and geology are taken into consideration while planning for suitable sites. Spatial Analyst Tool along with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model is extremely useful in such multicriteria decision making process. The present study, based on these tools/techniques, endeavours to identify a suitable location for landfill site in a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. The study identifies six potential sites out of which one has been proposed and recommended as the best suitable site. 相似文献
11.
以淮南市在采煤沉陷区生态治理规划中对规划区的生态价值评价为例,探讨了运用GIS技术和多源信息复合原理对规划区进行生态要素单因子评价和生态价值综合评价,选取评价因子包括地形因子、生态基质因子、植被因子及水环境保护因子。采用遥感与地理信息系统相结合的技术,建立与评价相关的基于GIS的基础数据平台,运用GIS的空间分析功能对规划区的生态价值进行分析和评估。通过对规划区各类生态因子的评价,深入了解规划区内生态价值的特征与空间分布,提取重要生态节点;为挖掘规划区生态建设潜力,实施生态治理和建设提供依据。 相似文献
12.
近30年云贵高原水蚀荒漠化遥感监测及影响因子时空分异规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
云贵高原属于典型季节性干旱生态脆弱区,其中因流水造成的水蚀荒漠化已成为限制该区域持续发展的重大生态环境问题之一。本文采用长时间序列Landsat卫星数据监测云贵高原核心区云贵两省近30年水蚀荒漠化的现状与时空变化,并分析该区域荒漠化关键影响因子的时空分异规律,提出一种多指标规则分类算法用于云贵高原水蚀荒漠化遥感监测,并选用植被面积、GDP及降水3个关键影响因子,采用地理加权回归模型,分析该区域水蚀荒漠化影响因子的空间分异规律。试验结果表明：①云贵高原荒漠化的主要分布区为滇桂黔区、川滇交界地区、滇西边境区及蒙自地区。②近30年研究区水蚀荒漠化变化趋势可分为1989—2010年、2010—2013年及2013—2016年3个阶段,1989—2010年该区域的荒漠化呈现波动增长状态;2010—2013年荒漠化面积快速扩展;2013—2016年荒漠化快速扩展的趋势得到了有效遏制。③3个关键影响因子与水蚀荒漠化关系呈现数值大小不同、正负效应和因子组合效应的空间分布差异,局部地区的经济发展和气候变化加剧了其水蚀荒漠化。本文研究成果将为云贵高原水蚀荒漠化的精细化防控和治理提供一定的理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
13.
干旱区生态系统极易受到气候及土地利用变化的影响,其生物多样性格局及其形成机制是重要的生态学问题。基于新疆地区鸟类及哺乳动物物种多样性数据,结合气候、地形和长时间序列的植被遥感参数产品FAPAR数据等,主要在不同的土地利用类型及海拔带上采用单因子相关分析方法探讨了物种丰富度格局的形成机制。总体来说,不同生境类型中,植被遥感参数因子(DHI、NDVI等)与两种类群物种丰富度分布的相关性强于与气候因子(温度、降水)的相关性。具体而言,植被遥感参数因子中,基于FAPAR的生境指数因子与丰富度的相关性大于基于植被指数的因子(DHI_cumNDVI_cumEVI_cum);气候因子中,在草地生境或者较低的海拔上,年均降水因子对于丰富度分布的解释力强于年均温度因子。这表明在新疆地区,影响鸟类与哺乳类动物物种丰富度分布的主导理论是生境异质性假说与环境稳定性假说,其解释力在多种生境内均强于生产力与环境热量。 相似文献
14.
Delineation of potential sites for water harvesting structures using remote sensing and GIS 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
M. Girish Kumar A. K. Agarwal Rameshwar Bali 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2008,36(4):323-334
Availability of groundwater varies spatially and temporally depending upon the terrain. The scarcity of water affects the
environmental and developmental activities of an area. Construction of small water harvesting structures across streams/watersheds
is gaining momentum in recent years. In the present study, potential sites for construction of rainwater harvesting structures
in the Bakhar watershed of Mirzapur District, Uttar Pradesh, India have been identified by using remote sensing and GIS techniques.
Various thematic maps such as Landuse/Landcover, geomorphology and lineaments, etc. were prepared using remote sensing. These
layers along with geology and drainage were integrated using GIS techniques to derive suitable water harvesting sites. Each
theme was assigned a weightage depending on its influence on ground water recharge (for example weightages 20,18,15,25,25
and 0 were assigned to geomorphology, landuse, geology, lineament, drainage and road and villages respectively). Each class
or unit in the map was assigned a knowledge based ranking of one to four depending on its significance in storage and transmittance
of groundwater, and these values were multiplied with layer weightage to form score. The average score for excellent region
is greater than 200, for good 121 to 200, for moderate 81 to 121 and the other polygon having value less than 80 (excluding
zero) were assigned to poor category. The final map showing different categories of suitability sites for water harvesting
structures such as Check dams, Contour bunding, Recharge pits, Wells and Contour trenching have been suggested. 相似文献
15.
The aim of this study is finding suitable locations for ecotourism development in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. For this, potential ecotourism sites were identified and ranked using Geographical Information System and Analytical Hierarchy Process. Five factors and 15 criteria were identified to evaluate suitability of sites. Factors and criteria were selected based on literature review, local knowledge and experts’ opinions. Considering the national and international contexts and effects of ecotourism, this study proposes treating highly suitable areas more ‘naturally’ and, for conservation programmes, creating tourist facilities in moderately suitable areas by targeting growth centres and protecting agricultural land as well as local primary activities in marginally suitable areas. 相似文献
16.
国际河流水资源的公平合理利用与分配问题一直是诱发国际冲突的重要问题。澜沧江作为我国一条重要的国际河流,穿越中南半岛下游五国,跨境水资源丰富,用水分水矛盾突出。澜沧江国际河流水资源空间分析平台建设,以空间数据为基础完成重要国际河流地理因子提取技术,建成澜沧江流域完整的水资源环境与社会经济地理因子数据库,为综合分析与评价提供数据保障;通过水资源环境空间分析与评价模型研究,开展重要地理要素空间布局分析、水资源时空分布分析与统计、水能开发对环境影响空间分析等空间分析应用研究,并将研究成果与电子政务空间信息服务系统集成,并与现有的电子政务空间辅助决策系统相结合,为政府决策提供支持,促进空间数据成果在政府部门的国际河流水资源管理方面的应用和发展。 相似文献
17.
基于2010年《山东统计年鉴》和全国第六次人口普查数据,本文以县域为研究单元,通过空间自相关分析人口的空间分布模式,运用因子分析和Pearson相关分析探究人口空间分布模式的影响因素。研究结果表明:山东省人口分布呈现"东北-西南"的空间分布模式,人口空间分布整体上呈现显著的空间集聚,主要集中在青岛市的中心城区;经济增长因素和地形条件是山东省人口空间分布模式形成的主要推动力。 相似文献
18.
由于时空变化而产生的水体后向散射系数参数化差异一直是影响水质参数遥感定量反演精度的一个重要因素。在对太湖遥感反射率光谱进行分类的基础上,针对影响太湖水体水色的不同主导因子,把太湖水体分为3种类型,分别利用半分析方法和光学闭合原理对后向散射系数进行模拟,在此基础上研究其光学特性及其与水体组分浓度的关系,最后针对3种不同主导类型的水体分别建立了后向散射系数参数化模型。将后向散射特性在不同时间和空间上的差异转化为水体不同主导因子在生物-光学上的差异,从而得到适用于太湖不同湖区及不同季节的后向散射系数参数化模型,为利用分析方法对太湖水质参数进行更为精确的遥感反演提供了基础。 相似文献
19.
空间统计分析与GIS在区域经济分析中的应用 总被引：71，自引：4，他引：67
首先概述了度量空间自相关、空间关联的一些空间统计分析方法以及识别区域空间关联的标准,然后探讨了将空间统计分析嵌入到一个GIS系统中的可行性,开发了一个分析空间关联的模块,并举例说明其在区域经济分析中的应用。 相似文献
20.
A rapid degradation of aquatic vegetations in Taihu Lake has roused a wide attention in recent years. Giving large-scale harvesting activity on aquatic vegetation since 2012, whether water eutrophication or the human harvest activity induced the degradation remains controversial and unclear. In this study, based on Landsat and HJ-CCD data acquired from 1984 to 2016 and a 12-year field observation (2005–2016) of water quality, a method was proposed to quantitatively assess impacts of harvesting activity and water quality change on degradations of both floating-leaved aquatic vegetation (FAV) and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in Taihu Lake. First, areas of FAV and SAV covers from 1984 to 2016 in Taihu Lake were mapped using the satellite data, and then the mapped areas were modified to those on a reference date by using phenological curves of FAV and SAV covers. Next, correlations between water quality data and FAV and SAV covers were analyzed by using Pearson correlation analysis based on the data before implementing the human harvesting activity (i.e., before 2012), and multiple general linear models were established based on the selected water quality variables with p-value <0.01 for estimating covers of FAV and SAV from 2012 to 2016. Finally, based on the predicted areas of FAV and SAV covers by the models and the modified areas mapped from satellite data, the influences of water eutrophication and the human harvesting activity on the degradation of FAV and SAV covers were quantitatively assessed. The results indicated that (1) FAV cover exhibited a significant increase from 1984 to 2011 and then a rapid decrease, while SAV cover increased significantly before 2003 and then obviously declined; (2) water level (WL) and total nitrogen (TN) showed significantly negative correlations with FAV and SAV covers, while secchi disk depth (SDD) and SDD/WL had significantly positive correlations with FAV and SAV covers; (3) the human harvesting activity made a major contribution to the loss of FAV cover, and the degradation of SAV cover was mainly due to an increased lake eutrophication and deteriorated underwater light environment. The findings derived from this study could offer a guidance for Taihu Lake ecological restoration and effective management. 相似文献