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1.
空隙岩体与溶洞充填混凝土竖向变形特性对比试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩溶区空隙岩基和溶洞充填混凝土的变形特性直接影响索塔和锚碇的内部应力与安全使用。澧水特大悬索桥进行的30次岩基载荷试验结果表明,未注浆岩体在加压段,压力p与沉降s曲线呈直线型、上凸型、镰刀型和上凹型,以上凹型为主;注浆岩体在加压段,p-s曲线呈镰刀型和上凹型,以镰刀型为主;空隙岩体回弹段,卸压后到最后1～2级,变形几乎没有恢复,压力全部卸除后,变形才会明显减小;空隙岩体的再压缩曲线均为上凹形,总是处于压缩曲线的下方,具有记忆效应,再回弹曲线总是处于回弹曲线的下方,与回弹曲线近似平行;溶洞充填混凝土的压缩曲线呈镰刀型,再压缩曲线呈上凹型,回弹和再回弹曲线在压力全部卸除前近似平行且水平,再压缩、再回弹曲线的变形残余率较小;水泥浆液能有效充填较大空隙和溶洞,不能进入岩体闭合微裂隙中;现行规范关于终载压力的前级荷载的1/3作为空隙岩基承载力是可行的,对应于p-s曲线上起始直线段的终点为比例界限的规定可能不适应于空隙岩体;不同压力作用下的空隙岩体变形模量是变化的。研究结果可为评价注浆效果、设计优化和施工监控提供依据 相似文献
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以低碳钢片模拟全长黏结锚杆,开展均质岩质边坡离心模型试验,研究了锚杆的应力响应规律。基于试验模型锚杆应力响应规律启发及实际均质边坡变形破坏演变规律,提出仅针对边坡松弛区进行局部强度折减,数值模拟探讨了均质岩质边坡单锚应力监测的较佳位置。结果表明:均质岩质边坡变形破坏起始于坡脚的剪切破坏,且随着边坡变形破坏的开展,靠近坡脚的全长黏结锚杆会较早产生明显的应力响应,锚杆应力增长速率会不断增加;锚杆应力监测点距离边坡潜在滑动面（塑性变形区）越近,锚杆应力响应时间越早,且量值越大;建议在距离坡脚0.25~0.35 H（H为边坡高度）的坡面处布设监测锚杆,但对于具体监测边坡对象,应具体问题具体分析。研究成果可为均质岩质边坡的锚杆监测工作提供一定的参考借鉴。 相似文献
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本文以三峡库区箭穿洞危岩体为例,对涉水厚层危岩体的变形破坏模式和防护措施进行了研究。根据现场调查和长期监测数据可知,干湿循环作用下基座岩体的劣化是加速箭穿洞危岩体变形破坏的主导因素,并判定其破坏模式为基座滑移式崩塌。在此基础上,将危岩体的防护治理定为两部分,分别是基座软弱岩体的补强加固,以及中上部危岩体的锚索加固。通过数值模拟对防护前后危岩体的位移场以及应力场进行了分析,结果表明危岩体上部的锚索加固能够有效控制岩体的变形,基座补强能够有效控制危岩体的最大剪应力,综合防护可以显著提高箭穿洞危岩体的稳定性。该防护措施的理念及方法,可以为库区涉水危岩体的治理提供重要的参考价值。 相似文献
4.
Explanation for the widely reported observation that fully grouted reinforcement is more effective in hard rock that behaves as a discontinuum than in soft rock is presented. Analytical solutions are presented for the distribution of displacement and load along an untensioned fully grouted elastic bolt, of specified bond stiffness, which is activated during excavation by either a continuous or discontinuous distribution of rock displacement. The results indicate that significantly higher axial loads are developed for the discontinuous case. Since the mechanics of bond failure depend on the type of bolt and grout used, in the second part of the paper a finite difference formulation is introduced and combined with a non-linear model for the bond behaviour of a cement grouted seven-wire strand cable bolt. The results of a parametric study indicate that, because the bond is frictional and depends on confinement at the borehole wall, for the same profile of rock mass displacement lower loads are developed in soft rock. Furthermore, in soft rock, excavation induced stress changes can cause a dramatic reduction in bond strength, so that, even after significant rock mass displacement, the axial load developed is significantly less than the tensile strength of the cable. A combination of these effects can explain why failures of cable bolted ground involve debonding at the cable–grout interface in soft rock, and why instances of cable rupture are confined to hard, blocky rock masses. 相似文献
5.
An analytical model which represents the behaviour of a reinforced rock mass near a circular underground opening in a homogeneous, uniform stress field has been developed. The theory adopts the concepts of elastoplasticity and considers a proper interaction mechanism between the ground and the grouted (or friction) bolts. It highlights the influence of the bolt pattern on the extent of the yield zone and tunnel deformation. A dimensionless parameter is introduced as a design tool which relates the tunnel convergence to the bolt spacing for a given bolt length. This publication contains the derivation of the analytical model and an illustration of the effect of bolts on the stress and displacement field near an opening. Its application to tunnel design is discussed briefly. The verification of the theory by laboratory simulation and field measurements will be presented, in detail, in a future publication. 相似文献
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三峡水库周期性蓄水改变了岸坡内的地下水渗流场和应力场,降低岩土体的剪切强度,对库岸边坡、岩体稳定性影响很大。以往库区岸坡岩体形变监测主要通过设置固定点进行观测,难以发现岩体整体变化情况。地面三维激光扫描方法能获取岩体整体表面厘米精度的点云数据,具有无需接触目标、获取速度快、精度高等特点,非常适合库区高陡危岩体表面三维形变监测。以巫山箭穿洞危岩体为例,采用地面三维激光扫描方法对箭穿洞危岩体进行了为期2年（2017—2018年）共3期监测,以第一期观测目标周围稳定岩体数据为基准,对数据进行重叠点云迭代配准,点云配准精度优于±2.7 cm。针对箭穿洞危岩体在观测时段内的变化情况,构建危岩体区域的基准不规则三角网模型,以点到基准面最近距离法结合危岩体变化区间分析其变形。通过对比分析箭穿洞危岩体3期观测数据,发现相对于2017年,2018年箭穿洞危岩体左侧岩体有变形趋势;在库区蓄水阶段,危岩体局部多处存在明显凹陷变化,局部因蓄水影响发生约?0.03～?0.07 m变形。结果证明三维激光扫描技术在库岸高陡边坡形变监测中的有效性,为三峡库区高陡危岩体形变监测及地质灾害防治工作提供了参考。 相似文献
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随着海州露天矿的闭坑,岩体结构越来越弱化,围岩的支承能力越来越小,露天矿边坡处于不稳定状态,具有发生大规模滑坡的潜在危险。根据海州露天矿工程地质条件,边坡形态,稳定状态及监测目的,研发海州露天矿边坡预应力锚索远程监测系统。系统应用GPRS远距离无线传输技术远程主动监测边坡岩体内部应力变化来获取岩体变形特征和滑移信息,实现边坡锚索应力全天候连续自动监测,其采用太阳能进行供电,适用于边坡中、长期监测。通过对海州露天矿边坡监测与边坡稳定性分析的现场应用实践证明,该系统可以对边坡稳态进行实时监测,对边坡滑坡灾害防治具有重要意义。 相似文献
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为解决深部大断面软岩巷道交叉点大变形问题,以万福煤矿千米深井巷道交叉点为工程实例,首次在巷道支护中运用微观负泊松比（negative Poisson’s ration,NPR）钢锚索。采用室内试验、理论分析、数值模拟及现场试验相结合的方法,分析了深埋巷道交叉点的围岩变形机制,提出了以微观NPR钢锚索为核心的控制对策。通过室内静力拉伸试验对微观NPR钢锚索的力学特性进行研究,结果表明,微观NPR钢锚索拉伸全过程表现为高恒阻,均匀拉伸,无屈服平台,破断时无明显颈缩现象。通过理论推导,基于T型巷道交叉点围岩最大影响范围,建立微观NPR钢锚索支护T型巷道交叉口最大影响范围计算模型。通过数值模拟,再现T型巷道交叉口的破坏演化过程,分析对比普通支护/微观NPR钢锚索支护效果。现场开展支护应用试验与监测,验证了长短微观NPR钢锚索联合支护对策具有良好的交叉口围岩大变形控制效果,为交叉口围岩安全稳定控制提供了新支护材料和支护手段。 相似文献
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将地下洞室爆破开挖松动区视为一个随开挖过程演变的非均匀、非稳定三维扰动场,松动区内岩体力学参数则是一个具有时空演化特性的参数场。考虑爆破开挖扰动空间效应和岩体真实变形响应,提出了真实工作状态下开挖松动区岩体参数场辨识的位移反分析方法。基于局部监测变形空间插补得到的空间位移场,通过分析洞室爆破开挖围岩变形扰动机制,建立了开挖松动区岩体变形模量参数场数值演化模型,并进行了模型适用性和参数敏感性分析。在此基础上,以变形模量参数为例,结合围岩实测位移信息,提出了开挖松动区参数场位移反分析的动态实现过程。将该方法应用于溪洛渡地下洞室群施工期参数场反演和围岩稳定动态反馈评价及预测,结果表明,该方法合理有效,在大型地下洞群施工开挖与快速监测反馈方面具有显著的工程适用性及实用性。 相似文献
11.
富溪双连拱隧道出口高边坡稳定性评价及支护效果分析 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
富溪双连拱隧道出口高边坡岩体风化、卸荷严重,在施工开挖前边坡中上部已经发生较为明显的倾倒变形,整个变形体处于极限平衡状态。本文在现场调查和岩体结构分析基础上,建立了边坡变形破坏机理的概念模型,利用FLAC3D模拟研究了开挖后坡体变形特征。在变形分析基础上,提出了对倾倒变形体采用锚管注浆处理的边坡治理措施,支护效果模拟计算表明,注浆后边坡稳定性较好,同时监测资料也显示支护措施实施后,边坡的稳定性较好,可以保障公路的施工和长期营运的安全。 相似文献
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采用理论分析和实验室测试的方法对锚固锚杆和自由锚杆中的导波传播规律进行了研究,并在频率为20 kHz～ 3 MHz范围内对锚固锚杆和自由锚杆波的传播速度进行了测试,发现锚固锚杆内不同频率的导波传播速度对锚固介质具有不同的敏感性。低频率段（20～200 kHz）的导波传播速度对锚杆锚固质量较为敏感,自由锚杆和锚固锚杆中导波的传播速度相差较大,适合于检测锚杆的锚固质量。高频率段（1～3 MHz）的导波传播速度对锚杆锚固质量不敏感,导波的传播速度基本不变,适合于锚杆完整性检测。探索了利用高频段多频率导波检测锚固锚杆长度的方法。实验室检测结果显示,本检测方法具有很高的精度 相似文献
13.
Yankun Sun Qi Li Chengkai Fan Duoxing Yang Xiaochun Li An Sun 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(10):379
This paper presents the fiber-optic monitoring model and scheme for utilizing a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor array to measure relative humidity. The effect of evaporation on reservoir rock involves various physical and chemical reactions under ambient laboratory conditions, which will result in a significant influence on the mechanical properties, especially for the surface of rock blocks in the fields. In this experiment, it was of great importance to better understand the effects induced by deionized water (DIW) evaporation occurring on the surface of a DIW-saturated sandstone core in terms of the induced small strains. The primary objective of this paper is to identify the applicability and feasibility of using the fiber Bragg grating sensors to monitor small strains induced by natural evaporation. This work also brings novel insights into the capability of high-precision measurements to predict the deformation mechanism of outcropped rocks, which often are subjected to natural evaporation. In this work, two arrays of fiber Bragg grating sensors were employed in the real-time monitoring of strain changes along the axial surface of a cylindrical sandstone core and to record the potential implications of the wavelength shifts induced by the evaporation factor. The experimental results could provide novel insights into the influences of natural evaporation on a rock monitored by FBG sensing technology under ambient laboratory conditions. 相似文献
14.
Rock bolts are widely used for rock reinforcement in hard-rock mining and civil engineering since a long time. However the use of fully grouted rock bolts and cable bolts is limited in coal mines. In order to improve performance of the rock bolts as a supplementary roof support system for any type of roof condition in coal measured formations, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the behavior of the bolt–grout and grout–rock interactions as well as the mechanism of load transfer in rock bolts.As the performance of grouted bolts depends on bond strength, extensive laboratory pullout as well as pushout tests were conducted in the present investigations with the variations in the bolt diameters, length and cement–water mixing ratios of grout. The load–displacement curves were developed and were verified with the numerical results obtained from finite element analysis using ALGOR software.Numerical models were validated for pushout tests and a detailed analysis was carried out to know the displacement, stress, strain distribution along the bolt. 相似文献
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原生地质体在煤岩层采掘条件下将发生变形破坏,相关物理属性(应变场、渗流场、化学场、温度场、地球物理场)随之改变,为了对变形破坏机理进行精细化分析需对场源特征进行重构反演,因此,亟需一种高灵敏度、性能稳定且分布式的监测系统对上述场源信息进行实时动态监测。基于光纤传感测试技术自身的优点(分布式、稳定性高、抗电磁干扰等),可以弥补常规电阻式和振弦式传感器的不足,能够对采场围岩变形进行动态监测,获得的海量数据体为围岩变形场、应力场的恢复和重构提供支撑。详细介绍了布拉格光纤光栅(FBG)、光时域反射技术(OTDR)、布里渊光时域反射技术(BOTDR)、布里渊光时域分析技术(BOTDA)、布里渊光频域分析技术(BOFDA)的工作原理、优缺点及适用条件,阐述了其在顶底板变形破坏、支承压力、断层活化监测、煤柱稳定性监测及破碎岩体注浆加固稳定性监测等方面的研究进展。分析了分布式光纤传感测试技术在当前研究中存在的问题、研究的热点,指出了后期研究的发展趋势,提出建立井上下一体化多参量信息融合监控预警平台,构建多相多场融合判别技术体系,为透明化智慧矿山建设提供数据支撑。 相似文献
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假设锚杆为与周围介质相同的材料,视锚杆作用的岩土体为弹性半空间位移体;基于Mindlin位移解,求出集中力作用下周围岩土体沿锚固体的轴向位移;根据压力型锚杆锚固段的受力状态,计算锚固体在轴向荷载作用下压缩变形,利用锚固体与周围岩土体变形协调假定,推导出锚固段轴向应力和剪应力分布的理论解。经过与已有现场试验实测数据对比分析,验证了理论解的可行性,并在此基础上讨论了相关岩土参数对锚固段轴向应力和剪应力的影响。锚杆现场试验和理论分析结果表明:压力型锚杆的锚固段所受轴向应力和剪应力与锚固力成正比;压力型锚杆的锚固段所受剪应力的分布形式受周围岩土体弹模、泊松比以及锚固体与周围岩土体界面的内摩擦角等因素的影响。其中周围岩土体的弹模影响最大。 相似文献
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煤层顶板为弱胶结岩体时稳定性差,常在煤炭回采过程中或巷道掘进时发生大变形或失稳等现象,维护难度较大。针对煤巷弱胶结粉砂岩顶板力学特征与变形控制等问题,以广西林场煤矿煤巷弱胶结粉砂岩顶板支护工程为工程背景,采用现场调研、实验室试验、理论分析等方法进行研究。通过现场调研,发现研究巷道有顶板岩层自承能力差、受水环境影响、支护结构失效率高、底板受水影响底鼓量大、受采动影响等特征;顶板岩石点荷载试验表明,其单轴抗压强度仅为1.9～ 2.3 MPa,采用电镜扫描发现,弱胶结粉砂岩以粗粒矿物为骨架;在普氏理论的基础上,推导了巷道顶板和两帮承压极限表达式,提出了提高巷道围岩整体强度和承载能力、确定合理的锚杆支护参数、顶板设计锚索加强支护等弱胶结巷道围岩控制要点。依据试验分析与理论研究成果,提出了以注浆加固为基础,锚杆和锚索联合支护的控制方案,并在林场煤矿进行了工业性试验。现场监测数据表明,设计的支护方案可以有效地控制煤巷弱胶结粉砂岩顶板变形。 相似文献
19.
Zekai Şen 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(7):2915-2922
Rock quality designation (RQD) is a simple and effective way of rock mass classification from surface scanlines or preferably borehole measurements. A major drawback in its classical use is that only one representative RQD value is obtained from the field measurements per core run. However, it is shown in this paper that the field measurements along a scanline provide detailed information about the rock quality and the fracture intensity (FI) for a given number of joints. In order to be able to extract the complete information concealed within the field data, the RQD-fracture index diagram concept is proposed and applied to actual field scanline measurements from England. The basis of the suggested procedure is to obtain a series of all possible RQD and FI values from given intact length measurements. This procedure provides additional information as to the local zones of heterogeneities within the rock mass and a new way of rock classification on the basis of the combined effects of RQD and FI. It is also possible to calculate percentages of different rock qualities within the same rock mass. 相似文献
20.
锚固技术是岩土工程中的一个主要支护手段之一,如何揭示锚索（杆）与岩石的复合作用机制锚固和失效形态,越来越成为关注的焦点。采用FLAC数值方法,对大试块横向含锚岩体的单轴压缩条件下力学性态进行了试验研究,结果表明：锚索（杆）与围岩的复合增强机制不仅与外载的大小有关,而且与锚固界面的力学性质有很大关系。随着锚固界面凝聚力的减小,锚固界面和锚索轴向的应力值都将减少,即锚索（杆）增强承载能力下降。当凝聚力减小到一定数值时,锚索（杆）将脱黏而产生滑动,导致锚固失效,因此,提高锚固界面的黏结力是保证锚固效果的关键之一。大试块锚固体的实验室岩石力学试验无论是试块加工还是试验过程,将十分困难和繁琐。采用数值模拟方法代替实验室试验,具有省时、经济、可视性强等优点,是今后研究锚固体力学性态的重要途径,具有推广应用价值。 相似文献