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1.
含钒金红石可见光下催化降解亚甲基蓝实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用含有钒等杂质的金红石可部分吸收可见光的特性,以500 W卤素灯作为光源,实验研究了其对亚甲基蓝的可见光催化降解,结果表明,该金红石具有催化活性,7 h后亚甲基蓝可降解71 2%。经过加热、粉碎改性方法处理后的金红石光催化活性明显提高,加热1 100 ℃的金红石样品7 h后可使亚甲基蓝的降解率达到90 4%。增加光照强度、加入适当的H2O2 都可提高降解效果。实验为充分开发利用天然金红石提出了新的途径,为环境污染治理提出了新方法。 相似文献
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用XRD、FTIR及TG-DSC等手段对磁选后的天然钒钛磁铁矿进行结构表征,然后在酸性条件下,探讨天然钒钛磁铁矿非均相Fenton法催化降解酸性橙Ⅱ的性能。结果表明:磁选后的天然磁铁矿主要以钛磁铁矿为主,同时含有少量的钛铁矿和绿泥石。降解实验结果表明,天然钒钛磁铁矿催化降解酸性橙Ⅱ的能力明显强于人工合成的单相磁铁矿,并随着钛磁铁矿含量的增加而增强。降解过程以异相Fenton反应为主,动力学曲线符合准一级方程。反应开始210min后,天然钒钛磁铁矿对酸性橙Ⅱ的矿化率约为30%。在降解过程中,苯环和萘环逐步断裂。 相似文献
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用溶胶凝胶法将纳米锐钛矿负载到膨胀石墨上,制备了即可吸油,又可降解油的膨胀石墨-TiO_2复合材料(EG-TiO_2)。在制备EG-TiO_2的工艺条件中,浸渍次数是影响其吸油能力的最主要因素,浸渍次数增多饱和吸油量下降。用失重法和红外光谱法研究EG-TiO_2催化降解机油的结果表明,EG-TiO_2对机油有明显的光催化降解效果,性能优于纯纳米TiO_2粉,其原因与EG-TiO_2中的纳米TiO_2具有三维立体薄片状结构及具有较高吸油性能有关。膨胀石墨负载纳米TiO_2材料对机油的吸附和光催化降解@曹宏$武汉工程大学材料学院!430074
@马恩宝$武汉工程大… 相似文献
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为使T iO2光催化剂能有效地利用可见光,采用前驱物薄膜分解法制备了掺杂锑的二氧化钛光降解触媒丝。玻璃纤维丝具有导光性,尤其适用于水体中污染物的光催化降解。初步研究制备条件、掺杂物浓度等对T iO2触媒丝性能的影响及所制备的玻璃基T iO2触媒丝对甲胺磷的可见光催化降解情况。所制掺杂T iO2光降解触媒丝在可见光下对甲胺磷具有良好的光催化降解性能,掺杂0.2%的触媒丝的光催化活性最好,6 h后对浓度为1.0×1-0 4m o l/L甲胺磷溶液的降解率达到了97.2%。 相似文献
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以坡缕石粘土、淀粉、水玻璃为原料,研究了固定化酶载体的制备工艺,探究了固定化酶载体在辣根过氧化酶(HRP)降解硝基酚废水中的作用,并探讨了反应时间、酶浓度、H2O2及硝基酚浓度对降解效果的影响。结果表明,固定化酶载体的最佳制备工艺为:水玻璃12%,淀粉20%,煅烧温度550℃,煅烧时间2 h;固定化酶对硝基酚的去除效果明显高于原酶;固定化酶去除水中硝基酚的最佳反应条件为:反应时间1.5 h,加酶量150 U,H2O2浓度0.12%,硝基酚浓度100 mg/L;固定化酶重复使用7次后对硝基酚的去除率仍高于60%。 相似文献
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采用混合浸渍焙烧法制备一种负载金属沸石催化剂(Z/CLM),通过H2P2与Z/CLM材料协同作用对偶氮染料的降解研究其制备影响因素和性能,并对Z/CLM材料进行X-Ray、SEM和FT-IR的表征.结果表明,在染料模拟废水处理中,负载金属Cu、La、Mo、Zr和Fe的沸石在催化湿式氧化法(CWPO)中有助于染料的降解;Z/CLM材料的最佳制备条件为浓度为c(La):c(Cu):c(Mo)=0.5:0.5:0.2的金属盐溶液与60～80目的天然沸石以总比例1 mL:1 g分次浸渍,并在600℃条件下焙烧0.5 h;Z/CLM材料表征结果表明,沸石表面负载有Cu、La和Mo金属,材料焙烧影响了天然沸石的结构;且通过流化床试验可得Z/CLM材料对直接紫D-BL的去除能力为37.82 mg/g. 相似文献
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地热开采过程中,考虑到水源补给,地热井一般布置在破碎带或构造带上,在钻井过程中利用水泥进行堵漏,但在钻井完毕后为提高产能必须进行解堵。而常规水泥在对地层封堵后需要恢复储层渗透性时,只能通过采取酸化解堵措施,且解堵恢复能力差。如果利用地热开发过程中的温度变化制得可降解暂堵水泥体系,简化地热资源的勘探开发过程,有利于降低钻井成本和风险。本文利用G级油井水泥、砂石、增强剂和水溶性纤维制备温敏型暂堵高透水水泥基材料。通过测试材料的抗压强度、孔隙度、密度、凝结时间,以评价其降解效果及基本性能。结果显示,水溶性纤维的加入使水泥抗压强度明显降低,而增强剂可以稍微改善这一缺陷,90 ℃水浴养护后孔隙度明显高于对照组,并且随着时间的推移,孔隙度不断提升,为水泥基暂堵透水材料成功研制奠定了基础,增强剂和纤维都会减少水泥的凝结时间,纤维降低凝结时间的效果更为明显。该材料的研制将简化地热资源的勘探开发过程,有利于降低钻井成本和风险。 相似文献
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纳米TiO2光催化降解亚甲基蓝 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在以钛酸丁酯为钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成制备纳米TiO2催化剂样品的基础上,将其用于在紫外光照射和无光照射条件下进行亚甲基蓝降解的实验研究,并与P-25纳米TiO2进行光催化降解对比研究。对在不同条件下合成制备样品的光催化降解率的差异,通过X射线粉晶衍射、扫描电镜等从物相组成、微观结构等因素上进行了分析和探讨。结果表明,采用溶胶-凝胶法在450℃焙烧2 h所得到的纳米TiO2具有很好的光催化降解亚甲基蓝的能力,当催化剂样品质量浓度为2.5 g/L,亚甲基蓝初始浓度为5.0 mg/L时,室温下光催化反应3 h,其降解率达98%以上,其光催化降解率比P-25纳米TiO2高;光催化降解率与催化剂样品的制备条件、物相组成、颗粒尺寸等因素有关。 相似文献
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以亚甲基蓝溶液为模型污染物,在超声波芬顿法协同作用下对亚甲基蓝染料废水的降解作用进行了研究,考察了反应时间、H2O2用量、溶液pH值、Fe^2＋的浓度等因素对亚甲基蓝溶液降解的影响。结果表明,超声波单独降解亚甲基蓝溶液脱色效果不明显,超声波协同H2O2降解亚甲基蓝,加入30%H2O26mL,脱色率约45.80%;溶液pH2.80,Fe^2＋浓度为30mmol/L时,超声波芬顿法协同降解甲基蓝180min,脱色率达92.70%。试验证明,超声波芬顿法是一种降解亚甲基蓝的有效方法。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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Erum Bashir Shahid Naseem Salma Hamza 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(3):259-266
Quantitative estimation of ground and stream waters draining through sedimentary rocks of the Pab and Mor ranges (Jurassic-Cretaceous) and the Bela ophiolite has been made. The degree of correspondence among cations and anions has been estimated in order to evaluate their mutual relationships. The abundance of major ions is interpreted to be related to bedrocks and climatic conditions, which may contribute to the genetic affiliation. The log TDS and Na/Na Ca ratio reflected supremacy of weathering of rocks with some influence of evaporation. Ionic relationship is exhibited in the form of Stiff diagrams. Patterns of ionic composition revealed high NaCl, medium Ca(HCO3)2 and low MgSO4. Piper diagram has been used to classify the hydrofacies. The important hydrogeochemical parameters have been estimated for assessment of groundwater quality for domestic purposes in accordance to WHO. Irrigation water qualities have been evaluated in terms of EC, SAR, RSC, ESP and pH. 相似文献
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Trace metals in acid sediments and waters, Pimpama catchment, southeast Queensland, Australia 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
The Pimpama River floodplain has developed over the last several thousand years as a result of sea-level fluctuations that
shaped the lower catchment and enabled the formation of sedimentary pyrite. The subsequent production of sulfuric acid due
to the oxidation of this pyrite enhances the breakdown of metal-bearing sediments and can lead to leaching of major and trace
metals into the waters of the region. The seasonal pattern of rainfall and current land-use activities are important aspects
that intensify the natural production of acid and influence the release and distribution of metals. To identify the source
and migration of metals in the Pimpama catchment and to understand the impact of pyrite oxidation on the distribution of metals
in sediments and waters, several components of the drainage system were analyzed: bedrock, sediments from river bed and bank,
and water. The elements analyzed in this study (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb) are all present in the bedrock material which
explains their occurrence in the unconsolidated sediments of the floodplain. These metals concentrate in the upper section
of the sedimentary sequence and their presence is related to clay minerals such as smectite, organic matter and iron phases.
However, Zn, Mo and Co occur in higher amounts than the local background and within standard shale. This comparison suggests
that the diagenetic processes alone cannot explain the higher concentrations and it is concluded that these metals also have
an anthropogenic source. The formation of sulfuric acid creates conditions for higher mobility of some metals, such as Cr,
Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, but does not affect less mobile ones such as Mo and Pb. Over the longterm, the production of acid influences
the breakdown of mineral phases and enhances the process of weathering. Over the short term, every rain event leaches acid
from sediments and mobilizes metals resulting in a substantial reduction in the quality of river water.
Received: 2 October 1998 · Accepted: 16 February 1999 相似文献
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L. G. Kodosky 《Environmental Geology》1994,23(1):65-72
Analysis of 153 residential air radon (Rn-222) screening measurements from southeast Michigan indicates that basements host Rn levels two to three times higher than upper-level rooms. Compared to unfinished basements, finished (e.g., paneled walls, tiled floors) basements apparently reduce indoor air Rn levels while partially finished basements may not. Factor analysis of residence questionnaire data explains 59 percent of the Rn data variance. The volume of pathways (e.g., foundation cracks/holes, uncapped sumps) allowing Rn seepage into the dwelling controls the largest portion, 23 percent, of the explained data variance. The residence water source explains 11 percent of the Rn data variance. Groundwater Rn levels contribute to the air Rn data variability, but the study data cannot quantitatively assess this contribution. Seven percent of the Rn data variance is likely controlled by house depressurization facilitated by residence structural properties. Residences with foundation cracks or poorly sealed joints and low-volume indoor-outdoor air exchange are more prone to this effect. Eighteen percent of the explained Rn data variance correlates with the residence's primary heat source. Evidently, operating combustion sources also induce house depressurization and allow Rn to be drawn into the house through entry paths. Twenty-four percent of the analyses equal or exceed 4 pCi/1 Rn. In residences occupied 5 years by the same individuals, 17 percent of the Rn data are 4 pCi/l; here the arithmetic mean air Rn level is 8.3 pCi/l and the average occupancy period 17.4 years. 相似文献
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Brenda S. Pierce Artur Martirosyan Gourgen Malkhasian Samvel Harutunian Grigory Harutunian 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2001,45(4):307
The Antaramut–Kurtan–Dzoragukh (AKD) coal deposit is a previously unrecognized coal field in north-central Armenia. Coal has been known to exist in the general vicinity since the turn of the century, but coal was thought to be restricted to a small (1 km2) area only near the village of Antaramut. However, through detailed field work and exploratory drilling, this coal deposit has been expanded to at least 20 km2, and thus renamed the Antaramut–Kurtan–Dzoragukh coal field, for the three villages that the coal field encompasses. The entire coal-bearing horizon, a series of tuffaceous sandstones, siltstones, and claystones, is approximately 50 m thick. The AKD coal field contains two coal beds, each greater than 1 m thick, and numerous small rider beds, with a total resource of approximately 31,000,000 metric tonnes. The coals are late Eocene in age, high volatile bituminous in rank, relatively high in ash yield (approximately 40%, as-determined basis) and moderate in sulfur content (approximately 3%, as-determined basis). The two coal beds (No. 1 and No. 2), on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis, have high calorific values of 32.6 MJ/kg (7796 cal/g) and 36.0 MJ/kg (8599 cal/g), respectively. Coal is one of the few indigenous fossil fuel resources occurring in Armenia and thus, the AKD coal field could potentially provide fuel for heating and possibly energy generation in the Armenian energy budget. 相似文献
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Received: 24 May 1999 · Accepted: 19 July 1999 相似文献
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山东威海农业生态地球化学调查与评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
介绍了威海市农业生态地球化学调查、评价工作取得的一些基本成果和存在的生态地球化学问题。调查与评价结果显示,该区总体上地球化学环境质量优良,Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类土壤占全区总面积的97.49%,Ⅲ类和劣Ⅲ类土壤仅占全区总面积的2.51%,主要分布在乳山市部分地区和荣成市崖西镇,超标元素主要为Cr、Ni、Cu、Cd;浅层地下水大部分元素或指标处于自然低背景含量状态,部分水样Cd、Fe、NO2-、总硬度等超标,已不适合饮用。该区存在的生态地球化学问题有:①山地丘陵区土壤pH值低,且表层土壤具有向强酸、强碱两极化发展的趋势,易引起重金属元素活化,危害人类健康;②沿海地带土地贫瘠,N、P、有机质等营养水平多属缺乏级;③乳山市和人口密集的乡镇地带表层土壤Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn等重金属污染严重。地质高背景、酸性表生环境和工业污染的共同作用,是造成环境中重金属元素含量较高的主要原因。 相似文献
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Liugen Zheng Guijian Liu Lei Wang Chen-Lin Chou 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2008,97(2-3):59-68
The Huaibei Coalfield, Anhui Province, China, is one of the largest coalfields in China. The coals of Permian age are used mainly for power generation. Coal compositions and 47 trace elements of the No. 10 Coal of the Shanxi Formation, the No. 7, 5, and 4 Coals of the Lower Shihezi Formation, and the No. 3 Coal of the Upper Shihezi Formation from the Huaibei Coalfield were studied. The results indicate that the Huaibei coals have low ash, moisture, and sulfur contents, but high volatile matter and calorific value. The ash yield increases stratigraphically upwards, but the volatile matter and total sulfur contents show a slight decrease from the lower to upper seams. Magmatic intrusion into the No. 5 Coal resulted in high ash, volatile matter, and calorific value, but low moisture value in the coal. Among the studied 47 trace elements, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Th, U, V, and Zn are of environmental concerns. Four elements Hg, Mo, Zn, and Sb are clearly enriched in the coals as compared with the upper continental crust. 相似文献