共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 126 毫秒
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河流水环境容量是实行污染物排放总量控制的理论依据,也是河流水环境管理的科学基础。本文采用综合标识指数法识别河流水质污染状况及主要污染指标,对寇河水系水生态功能分区进行水质评价,水生态功能分区是基于对流域水生态系统的区域差异的研究而提出的一种分区方法;采用一维稳态水质模型模拟河流水质变化规律,并结合线性规划模型,计算寇河上游水生态较高功能区、寇河中游水生态较低功能区、南城子水生态较高功能区的CODCr和NH4-N的水环境容量。结果表明：寇河上游水生态较高功能区CODCr和NH4-N的水环境容量分别为852.22t·a-1、47.96t·a-1;寇河中游水生态较低功能区CODCr和NH4-N的水环境容量分别为410.33t·a-1、23.09t·a-1;南城子水生态较高功能区CODCr和NH4-N的水环境容量分别为25.23t·a-1、1.58t·a-1。 相似文献
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根据保守污染物的迁移、转化特点,提出保守污染物水环境容量计算方法,并将这种方法应用于大辽河流域,得到地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)中规定的各种保守污染物的水环境容量,为流域保守污染物水环境容量总量控制提供了一种技术方法。 相似文献
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对乌鲁木齐市环境污染现状作了分析，重点分析大气污染、水环境质量、污染物排放、噪声环境以及其它环境问题，较为综合地反应了乌鲁木齐市环境总体状况，并就污染问题提出防御对策。 相似文献
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延长油田东部地区石油、煤炭等矿产资源储量大,但油田供水水源越来越不足,已严重制约石油开采工作的发展,开辟新的注水水源刻不容缓,因此,必须对区域水资源进行分析评价。采用1956—2010年水文系列资料,依据《水资源评价导则》(SL/T 238—1999)中各要素的计算方法,分析了区域水资源的特征,结果表明:区域水资源严重短缺;降水、径流时空分布不均;降水量、地表水资源量呈减少趋势;地表水可利用量较大,可利用率较高;河流水质污染严重,河流含沙量高,不同部位、不同类型地下水水质差异较大。提出合理利用水资源的建议。 相似文献
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延长油田东部地区石油、煤炭等矿产资源储量大,但油田供水水源越来越不足,已严重制约石油开采工作的发展,开辟新的注水水源刻不容缓,因此,必须对区域水资源进行分析评价。采用1956--2010年水文系列资料,依据《水资源评价导则》（SL／T238—1999）中各要素的计算方法,分析了区域水资源的特征,结果表明：区域水资源严重短缺;降水、径流时空分布不均;降水量、地表水资源量呈减少趋势;地表水可利用量较大,可利用率较高;河流水质污染严重,河流含沙量高,不同部位、不同类型地下水水质差异较大。提出合理利用水资源的建议。 相似文献
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In this study, an automated mechanism generation framework was applied to atmospheric chemistry of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NO
x
). The framework generates reactions with minimal input based on a small set of reaction operators and includes a hierarchy
for specifying rate constants for every reaction created. Mechanisms were generated for formaldehyde-air-NO
x
, acetaldehyde-formaldehyde-n-octane-air-NO
x
, and acetone-air-NO
x
, and the model results were compared to experimental data obtained from smog chambers and to the SAPRC-99 lumped models.
The models generated captured the experimental data very well, and their mechanistic formulation provided new insights into
the controlling reaction pathways to pollutant formation. The approach applied here is sufficiently general that it can be
applied to a wide range of alkane and oxygenate mixtures. 相似文献
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CAPPS1和CAPPS2数值预报模式对比分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对CAPPS1模式和CAPPS2模式预报广西污染物进行了对比分析。主要对比了其污染扩散原理、气象预报模式、操作系统、运行时间、预报时效及预报效果。分析表明：CAPPS1和CAPPS2模式对各种污染物预报的相关系数均在0．44以上，两种模式预报广西空气污染都是可行的；两种模式均对SO2的预报效果最好，NO2次之，PM10相对最差；CAPPS2模式对各种污染物的预报值与实测值相关系数均比CAPPS1高，其中NO2的相关系数提高幅度最大；CAPPS2模式对NO2和PM10的预报准确率比CAPPS1偏高，而对SO2的预报准确率比CAPPS1偏低；CAPPS2预报首要污染物正确率比CAPPS1高出11个百分点，而预报首要污染物等级正确率则高出9个百分点。 相似文献
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Anthropogenic emissions alter biogenic secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation from naturally emitted volatile organic compounds(BVOCs). We review the major laboratory and field findings with regard to effects of anthropogenic pollutants(NOx, anthropogenic aerosols, SO_2, NH_3) on biogenic SOA formation. NOx participate in BVOC oxidation through changing the radical chemistry and oxidation capacity, leading to a complex SOA composition and yield sensitivity towards NOx level for different or even specific hydrocarbon precursors. Anthropogenic aerosols act as an important intermedium for gas–particle partitioning and particle-phase reactions, processes of which are influenced by the particle phase state, acidity, water content and thus associated with biogenic SOA mass accumulation. SO_2 modifies biogenic SOA formation mainly through sulfuric acid formation and accompanies new particle formation and acid-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions. Some new SO_2-involved mechanisms for organosulfate formation have also been proposed.NH_3/amines, as the most prevalent base species in the atmosphere, influence biogenic SOA composition and modify the optical properties of SOA. The response of SOA formation behavior to these anthropogenic pollutants varies among different BVOCs precursors. Investigations on anthropogenic–biogenic interactions in some areas of China that are simultaneously influenced by anthropogenic and biogenic emissions are summarized. Based on this review, some recommendations are made for a more accurate assessment of controllable biogenic SOA formation and its contribution to the total SOA budget. This study also highlights the importance of controlling anthropogenic pollutant emissions with effective pollutant mitigation policies to reduce regional and global biogenic SOA formation. 相似文献
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潍坊市空气污染与气象条件的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2004年3月~2005年2月每日08时的潍坊市气象观测资料和环境监测资料,分析了空气污染物浓度与各种气象条件的关系,结果表明:可吸入颗粒物PM10是潍坊市的主要污染物,污染物浓度有明显的季节变化,冬季高于夏季,各种污染物浓度与大雾、降水、风速等有明显的相关性。 相似文献
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Emissions of air pollutants such as sulfur and nitrogen oxides and particulates have significant health impacts as well as effects on natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. These same emissions also can change atmospheric chemistry and the planetary energy balance, thereby impacting global and regional climate. Long-term scenarios for air pollutant emissions are needed as inputs to global climate and chemistry models, and for analysis linking air pollutant impacts across sectors. In this paper we present methodology and results for air pollutant emissions in Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios. We first present a set of three air pollution narratives that describe high, central, and low pollution control ambitions over the 21st century. These narratives are then translated into quantitative guidance for use in integrated assessment models. The resulting pollutant emission trajectories under the SSP scenarios cover a wider range than the scenarios used in previous international climate model comparisons. In the SSP3 and SSP4 scenarios, where economic, institutional and technological limitations slow air quality improvements, global pollutant emissions over the 21st century can be comparable to current levels. Pollutant emissions in the SSP1 scenarios fall to low levels due to the assumption of technological advances and successful global action to control emissions. 相似文献
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以镇海、奉化分别作为宁波沿海和内陆空气质量代表站。基于代表站2013-2017年污染物资料和2015年12月至2017年2月冬季激光雷达资料,对比分析宁波地区沿海和内陆站点的空气质量差异;利用NCEP的GDAS(Global Data Assimilation System)资料和ERA-Interim高分辨率再分析资料评估两地气溶胶来源及大气自净能力差异。结果表明:宁波沿海和内陆地区中度及以上污染主要集中于冬季,冬季首要污染物以PM2.5为主;镇海NO2浓度较奉化显著偏高,而两地PM2.5 和PM10 浓度差异较小。冬季镇海和奉化3km以下都存在消光系数大的气溶胶集中层,镇海3km内消光系数平均值较奉化偏高约40%。两地中度及以上污染时,镇海和奉化的气溶胶粒子主要来自宁波西北方向的内陆地区,比例分别为90%和63%,镇海地区其余10%左右来自近距离低空偏东气流的输送,而奉化地区有37%来自浙江西南部的短距离输送。冬季当宁波地区出现区域性优和中度以上污染时,浙江北部沿海分别盛行东北风和西北风,空气质量优时混合层内平均风速大于中度以上污染时。浙江省大气自净能力比值呈自西北向东南减小,宁波地区优等空气质量大气自净能力约为中度以上污染的 1.5倍。大气自净能力在不同空气质量等级下差异显著,可作为大气污染发生、发展和消退判定的参考依据。 相似文献