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1.
Large-scale shaking table model tests were carried out to study the dynamic behaviors of slopes and failure mechanism of landslide in permafrost regions. The model slope was constituted of silty clay layer stacked on an ice layer with 8° surface slope. Acceleration, displacement, and pore pressure were measured subjected to vertical and horizontal seismic loadings. The horizontal wave has a stronger influence on the failure of the model than the vertical wave motion, and the natural frequency of vibration in the horizontal direction decreased obviously at the failure state. The model slope has three components of different nonlinear mechanical properties, which are the soil layer, soil-ice interface, and ice layer. The amplification factor of peak ground acceleration is obviously smaller at the soil-ice interface than that at the soil and ice layer. The acceleration responses are nonlinear because of the nonlinear soil properties and degradation of modulus with increasing horizontal acceleration. Especially, excess pore pressure generation was observed near the soil-ice interface of the slope subjected to higher input acceleration, which resulted in the decrease of the effective stress. Failure surface appeared to be the soil-ice interface, which was consistent with the field observations of landslides in permafrost regions. Slope failure could be defined based on the massive movement of the slope, characterized by integral sliding pattern along the soil-ice interface without the distinct deformation inside the sliding body. The results show that the sliding of the slope with soil layer at gentle gradient is mainly triggered by the combined action of horizontal seismic wave, existence of soil-ice interface, and pore pressure generation in permafrost regions. 相似文献
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水下岩质边坡稳定性的模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着三峡水利建设工程的进行,许多原本位于水面以上且已趋于稳定的人工或自然岩质边坡将被淹没,导致边坡稳定性降低,而水的压力、冲击、渗流和侵蚀等综合作用,给下岩质边坡的稳定性带来大量的不确定性。基于已有的水下土质边坡稳定性试验和水下岩质边坡有限元分析,进行水下岩质边坡模型试验研究,探讨在水位升降水过程中和波浪作用下水下岩质边坡的稳定性和破坏机制。将结构面为30°和50°的两种岩质边坡模型布置在人工水槽中,采用波流系统进行水位升降水波浪冲击试验,量测岩质边坡的应力变化。通过分析边坡各测点应力变化,得出了一些有意义的结论：（1）把边坡前部岩体划分成3个区域,每个区域内应力变化规律相同;（2）水下岩质边坡坡脚处应力集中最大,破坏始于坡脚,并由此产生的塑性区沿结构面逐渐同坡顶发展,这与一般边坡从坡顶逐渐向下发展的开裂破坏形式完全不同;（3）波浪对水下岩质边坡结构面的影响,将随其倾角的变小而减弱。 相似文献
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基于2种路堤边坡坡比、2种土工格栅和3种加筋层数的不同组合的室内模型试验,比较分析了不同试验工况条件下加筋边坡在顶部载荷作用下的变形规律。结果表明:加筋能较大幅度地提高边坡的稳定性及承载能力;加筋边坡的沉降和侧向位移随着格栅抗拉强度增大、加筋层数增多和边坡变缓而相应的变小。将试验所得结果与有限元数值模拟计算结果进行了对比分析,有限元模拟结果与试验值吻合较好。 相似文献
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In this study, two types of small-scale physical modeling tests have considered the impact of the infiltration of rainfall and groundwater level in order to investigate the processes involved in rock slope deformation and failure. The study conducted the physical tests under controlled conditions of groundwater level with rock block shape for two rock slope types (cataclinal and anaclinal slopes). Observations obtained during each stage of deformation and failure were used to explain how gravity deformation varies with groundwater conditions on cataclinal and anaclinal slopes, and infer how rainfall and groundwater influence slope failure. Our results indicate that groundwater level is a crucial factor in the deformation failure of slopes. The failure mechanisms of cataclinal slopes differ considerably from those of anaclinal slopes. The infiltration of surface water and groundwater can have a significant influence on rock layer deformation and the speed of failure. Different shapes of rock block have two toppling types of rock slope, the spherical rock model relatively close to flexural toppling type and the triangular rock model relatively similar to block flexural toppling type, respectively. Details of the failure characteristics of cataclinal and anaclinal slope models are discussed in this paper. 相似文献
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目前对均质边坡稳定性受岩土体抗拉强度影响程度的看法不一,尤其是对不同坡度的边坡受抗拉强度的影响甚至有相反意见。基于有限差分程序FLAC3D提供的考虑张拉-剪切复合破坏的Mohr-Coulomb准则,采用强度折减法对多个典型均质边坡进行一系列数值计算,研究土体抗拉强度对不同坡度边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明：边坡越陡,土体抗拉强度对安全系数的影响越大;抗拉强度取值对直立边坡的稳定安全系数及变形破坏特征影响显著,对45°及以下边坡的影响相对较小。总体来说,对于坡角超过60°的陡坡,土体抗拉强度不同引起的边坡安全系数变化幅度可达10%以上,应在边坡稳定分析中特别注意,避免因土体抗拉强度取值过大或过小而导致计算结果偏于危险或过于保守。 相似文献
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为研究物质组成空间分布特征对降雨下碎石土斜坡变形破坏的影响,以不同成因碎石土斜坡的特点为依照,进行了4种物质组成空间分布的碎石土斜坡模型及1种均质斜坡模型试验。结果表明,物质组成空间分布特征对降雨下碎石土斜坡变形破坏所发挥的作用与降雨入渗方向和应力调整方向有重要关系。当土料变化方向与入渗方向大角度相交且与应力调整方向相同时,斜坡渗透性为土料各自的渗透性,斜坡力学性质偏向于组成土料力学性质的最大值。当土料变化方向与入渗方向相同且与应力调整方向大角度相交时,斜坡渗透性接近组成土料渗透性的最小值,斜坡变形破坏受控于其中的软弱土料。降雨下斜坡各处均发生变形,且变形向周围调整并产生影响。破裂面更易发于软弱土料中。该研究有助于斜坡灾害勘察、预测评价及防治向精细化方向发展。 相似文献
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黄土边坡开挖与支护效应的离心模拟试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄土边坡在开挖卸载过程中的稳定性分析及其防护在边坡工程中占有重要地位。采用西南交通大学土工离心机进行了1组非支护边坡和2组土钉支护边坡的离心模型试验,研究了开挖卸载过程中黄土边坡的变形特性、稳定性变化规律及土钉的加固效应。离心模型试验研究表明,土钉能够显著提高黄土边坡的稳定性。土钉支护的边坡土体,因土钉的锚固效应,边坡的变形范围更大,但变形量较小,最大变形量并不在坡面,而是发生在坡面下的锚固区域内,非支护黄土边坡的潜在滑移面产生于距坡顶约40 cm处,土钉支护后,黄土边坡基本不会发生破坏。对于抵抗边坡发生变形而言,不等长土钉支护的效果要优于等长土钉支护,研究成果为黄土边坡的开挖与防护提供了参考。 相似文献
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工程中经常遇到边坡中含有夹层的情况,对含夹层边坡的稳定性研究很有意义。目前的研究多着重于含夹层岩质边坡的稳定性,对土质边坡涉及较少,尚无系统的试验分析。开挖条件下含夹层土质边坡更容易发生破坏,对其破坏模式的正确认知有助于对其稳定性进行合理的安全评价。进行了含水平砂土夹层边坡开挖的离心模型试验,夹层位于边坡中部。通过与边界和试验条件相同的素土边坡进行对比,分析了中部夹砂层边坡开挖后的破坏模式。试验结果表明,中部砂土夹层的存在降低了边坡在开挖后的稳定性,且其下边界是边坡破坏的薄弱控制面 相似文献
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The shaking table tests are conducted on small scale nailed embankment slopes to study their behavior under dynamic conditions.
Medium grained local sand with a water content of 3% is used in the study. The embankment slope is constructed using the controlled-volume
compaction method. Three slope angles, 30°, 35° and 40° with a constant slope height of 18 cm are considered for the embankment.
Each slope is reinforced with six number of hollow aluminum nails in two rows. The ratio of the length of nail to slope height
(0.82) is same for all model slopes. The nails are inserted at three different inclinations. Three strain gauges are glued
to each nail to obtain local strains during shaking. The accelerations at the base and the crest of the model slopes are monitored
to find the acceleration responses of the embankments during the input ground motions. The numerical simulation of the model
tests is performed by a commercial program called FLAC. The results of the numerical analyses are found to be reasonably close
to the corresponding experimental results. 相似文献
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Soil-rock mixtures (S-RM) are widely distributed in mountainous regions, and there are different genetic types and scales of S-RM slopes. The stability of these slopes is very important for slope safety during the construction and operation of engineering projects. Since the mechanical properties of an S-RM are mainly dominated by its random component, accurately investigating the structure of an S-RM slope is the fundamental basis for evaluating the mechanism of a landslide. In this paper, in situ direct shear tests are used to obtain the “soil” strength parameters of the S-RM, the microtremor survey method (MSM) is introduced to detect the S-RM slope and the numerical method of FEM is utilised to simulate the failure characteristics and stability of the S-RM slope. Based on the MSM, the strata structure and proportions of solitary rock blocks in the S-RM slope are investigated, and three possible models of the S-RM slope are established. By using the strength reduction method in numerical simulations, the potential failure surface and stability of a slope of homogeneous soil and that with solitary rock blocks are discussed. The study results show that the MSM is an effective method to estimate the proportion of rock blocks in the S-RM slope. The presence of solitary rock blocks makes the slope potential slide surface complicated. The factor of safety of the S-RM slope is higher than that of the homogeneous soil slope, the rock blocks at the toe of the slope are favourable for slope stability and the rock blocks near the surface of the slope squeeze the lower soil and improve the safety factor of the slope. 相似文献
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Identification of deformation and failure characteristics in cataclinal slopes using physical modeling 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This study investigates the deformation characteristics of cataclinal slopes in central Taiwan prior to landslide failure. Field surveys and physical model tests were performed to explain the gravitational deformation characteristics of cataclinal slopes under various conditions and to derive the deformation process and failure characteristics. The results show that the distribution of erosion gullies (different length of the slope mass), the extent of erosion (different thickness of the slope mass), the foliation dip angle, and the geological material critically affect the deformation of cataclinal slope masses in the study area. The results of physical model tests indicate that increasing the foliation dip angle, the thickness and the length of sliding mass, particle size (spacing between foliations) increases the depth of slope deformation. Foliation dip angle is the most critical factor that controls the deformation of slate slopes. When the cataclinal slopes reached maximum deformation, a shear failure and translational slide occurred within a short period. The deformation zone exhibited significant cracking at the scarp and the bulging of the slope toe, which facilitated the infiltration of surface water and groundwater, accelerating the deformation to failure. 相似文献
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均质土坡变形的整体旋转角度（即转角）与其弧形滑动特征相协调,是比永久位移更为优越的土坡变形与稳定性表征量。地震动瞬态弹性变形应变能相当于土坡系统势能的动态随机性“涨落”,临界点（临界转角）作为系统本身的一个固有特性,不受地震动随机性“涨落”的影响,土坡滑动失稳的临界转角实质上对应着系统势能的突变点。基于均质土坡地震动失稳的特点,结合突变理论,给出了确定失稳临界转角的计算公式,发现其仅与滑带介质本构模型参数 、 和滑弧半径R有关,但在本质上体现了诸因素的影响而具有广泛适用性。 相似文献
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建立了边坡稳定性分析的平面直角坐标系,得到了该坐标系下的边坡稳定分析瑞典圆弧法的积分表达式。以简单均质粘性土坡为研究对象,结合MATLAB遗传算法工具箱,建立了基于瑞典圆弧法的遗传算法优化模型,实现了边坡稳定分析最小安全系数的自动寻优。通过实例进行验证和对比,表明该方法是行之有效的。 相似文献
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水位下降是导致滑坡的重要原因之一,而土钉是加固土坡的有效手段。进行离心模型试验,再现了水位下降时土钉加固土坡的变形和破坏过程,测量了土坡的位移变化。试验结果表明,水位下降条件下土钉加固土坡的破坏模式以绕钉破坏为主,滑裂面从坡顶逐渐向下发展至坡面;土钉加固土坡的破坏过程与变形局部化过程表现出显著的耦合变化;土钉加固机制主要表现为通过土钉与坡体的相互作用,减小土坡的变形和变形局部化程度,从而提高土坡的稳定性。增加土钉长度使得滑裂面向坡内部移动,显著减小土坡的变形及变形局部化程度,从而提高了土坡安全性。 相似文献
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Integrated analysis of a coupled mechanism for the failure processes of pile-reinforced slopes 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
A series of centrifuge model tests was conducted to investigate the failure mechanism of pile-reinforced slopes under self-weight loading and vertical loading conditions. An integrated analysis method was proposed based on the image-based measurement results of the displacement of the slope in the tests. The failure process of a pile-reinforced slope was quantified based on the measured deformation process over the entire slope, which was shown to depend primarily on the loading conditions. The deformation localisation was discovered in the slope during loading and was effectively described using a newly introduced index, the Diversity Factor of Displacement (DFD). The deformation localisation of the slope developed and caused the progressive formation of the slip surface. At the same time, a local failure at a point on the slip surface resulted in new deformation localisation, and the influence expanded with the centre of the failure point and waned with increasing distance from the failure point. The deformation localisation process and the deformation-failure process of the piles interacted as both cause and effect and developed alternately. The failure mechanism of the pile-reinforced slopes was used to explain the effects of several influencing factors on the bearing capacity of the reinforced slope, such as the pile spacing, pile location, and gradient of the slope. 相似文献
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Landslide-prone slopes in earthquake-affected areas commonly feature heterogeneity and high permeability due to the presence of cracks and fissures that were caused by ground shaking. Landslide reactivation in heterogeneous slope may be affected by preferential flow that was commonly occurred under heavy rainfall. Current hydro-mechanical models that are based on a single-permeability model consider soil as a homogeneous continuum, which, however, cannot explicitly represent the hydraulic properties of heterogeneous soil. The present study adopted a dual-permeability model, using two Darcy-Richards equations to simulate the infiltration processes in both matrix and preferential flow domains. The hydrological results were integrated with an infinite slope stability approach, attempting to investigate the hydro-mechanical behavior. A coarse-textured unstable slope in an earthquake-affected area was chosen for conducting artificial rainfall experiment, and in the experiment slope, failure was triggered several times under heavy rainfall. The simulated hydro-mechanical results of both single- and dual-permeability model were compared with the measurements, including soil moisture content, pore water pressure, and slope stability conditions. Under high-intensity rainfall, the measured soil moisture and pore water pressure at 1-m depth showed faster hydrological response than its simulations, which can be regarded as a typical evidence of preferential flow. We found the dual-permeability model substantially improved the quantification of hydro-mechanical processes. Such improvement could assist in obtaining more reliable landslide-triggering predication. In the light of the implementation of a dual-permeability model for slope stability analysis, a more flexible and robust early warning system for shallow landslides hazard in coarse-textured slopes could be provided. 相似文献
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下伏软弱层黄土边坡变形机制分析及治理对策研究 总被引：4，自引：6，他引：4
本文研究了陕北某电厂夹断层破碎带上覆黄土的泥岩、砂岩互层反倾边坡的变形机制,并研究治理对策及其治理效果。通过边坡工程地质条件及变形破坏特征分析,建立FLAC3D地质模型,采用数值模拟方法研究了边坡变形破坏机制,在此基础上提出削方减载、锚筋桩、锚杆及坡面防护的综合治理措施。研究结果表明,边坡的变形受开挖坡形的影响,坡体浅表层特别是断层带及坡顶黄土部位出现大范围拉应力集中,断层带出现向坡外的挤出变形,带动上部黄土的牵引式变形,引起沿黄土和基岩基覆界面的剪切变形,在黄土中出现大量拉裂缝,在一定条件下潜在滑移面逐渐贯通,坡体将产生整体失稳。边坡的治理应通过削方减载改善坡体应力环境,并重点控制断层带及黄土与基岩基覆界面的变形,数值模拟结果表明,治理后边坡稳定性较好,满足设计要求。 相似文献
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基于数字图像技术的土石混合体边坡稳定性分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
土石混合体作为自然界中常见的一类岩土体,尤其在我国西南地区存在着不同成因及规模的土石混合体边坡,这些边坡的稳定性问题对于工程在施工及运营期间的安全性有着重要的意义。在传统的边坡稳定性分析中,通常将土石混合体边坡视为均质土坡,忽略其内部块石的存在,这给计算结果带来了很大的误差。运用数字图像处理技术,对西南地区一土石混合体边坡进行分析,建立其细观结构模型。在此基础上,运用有限元强度折减法开展相应的稳定性研究。结果表明,块石的存在使边坡内部应力场分布变得极其不均匀,计算搜索得到的滑动带具有明显的绕石特征,考虑块石时计算得到的稳定系数要较等效均质土坡的稳定系数高。 相似文献