共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
岩石中常含有裂缝、岩脉等细小而重要的微观结构,需要高分辨率的成像技术来提取其特征.在岩石图像处理中,特征提取可以提取出岩石的主要结构信息从而极大降低数据量,然而某些细线状岩石特征(如裂缝、裂隙等)往往无法被完整识别出来而存在间断现象.本文在采用蚁群算法修复岩石细线状特征的基础上,综合利用蚁群算法、DBSCAN聚类算法和... 相似文献
2.
遥感图像的条纹噪音,不但影响图像的判读,而且时图像的后续处理影响较大.利用常规处理软件去噪,在去除条纹的同时,也去除了图像的细节纹理,相当于降低了图像的几何分辨率;使用小波阈值去噪方法,效果欠佳.文章使用小波反阈值方法,不仅去除了图像上的条纹噪音,而且对图像的细节纹理不产生目视效果上的影响,达到了较好的效果. 相似文献
3.
Alexandre Boucher 《Mathematical Geosciences》2009,41(3):265-290
Super-resolution or sub-pixel mapping is the process of providing fine scale land cover maps from coarse-scale satellite sensor
information. Such a procedure calls for a prior model depicting the spatial structures of the land cover types. When available,
an analog of the underlying scene (a training image) may be used for such a model. The single normal equation simulation algorithm
(SNESIM) allows extracting the relevant pattern information from the training image and uses that information to downscale
the coarse fraction data into a simulated fine scale land cover scene. Two non-exclusive approaches are considered to use
training images for super-resolution mapping. The first one downscales the coarse fractions into fine-scale pre-posterior
probabilities which is then merged with a probability lifted from the training image. The second approach pre-classifies the
fine scale patterns of the training image into a few partition classes based on their coarse fractions. All patterns within
a partition class are recorded by a search tree; there is one tree per partition class. At each fine scale pixel along the
simulation path, the coarse fraction data is retrieved first and used to select the appropriate search tree. That search tree
contains the patterns relevant to that coarse fraction data. To ensure exact reproduction of the coarse fractions, a servo-system
keeps track of the number of simulated classes inside each coarse fraction. Being an under-determined stochastic inverse problem,
one can generate several super resolution maps and explore the space of uncertainty for the fine scale land cover. The proposed
SNESIM sub-pixel resolution mapping algorithms allow to: (i) exactly reproduce the coarse fraction, (ii) inject the structural
model carried by the training image, and (iii) condition to any available fine scale ground observations. Two case studies
are provided to illustrate the proposed methodology using Landsat TM data from southeast China. 相似文献
4.
相干算法提取嫦娥数据月表地质特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
经典的边缘提取算法可从月球影像数据中提取出月表的构造特征, 但难以提取出与月貌有关的特征信息.本文提出的相干法月球影像地质特征提取技术, 其基本思想是基于相干运算来考察图像上像素或像素组之间的相似性, 以获取月表的构造特征和月貌特征.该方法已经应用在嫦娥一号月球探测器获取的部分影像数据上, 相比于几种常规的边缘提取方法, 本方法优势明显, 不仅能有效地提取环形构造和线性构造等地质特征, 还可以很好地提取月貌特征, 对具有一定规模的小直径撞击坑的识别也有不错的效果.该方法可以用于计算机自动识别或辅助手工解译月表构造, 划分月貌单元等研究. 相似文献
5.
Li Wang 《Mathematical Geology》1995,27(7):847-865
This paper presents a test of the automatic identification of photomicrographs of rocks in thin sections using digital image processing and texture analysis. Three sets of textural measures derived respectively from the cooccurrence matrix, texture space, and texture spectrum have been used to identify six rock types (mylonite, diorite porphyry, diorite. gabbro, granite, and peridotite). Exploring only the texture characteristics of images, the average correct recognition rate reaches 89% for 58 photographs belonging to the six types. The results also show the importance of using those more discriminating texture features in the classification algorithm. For the present study, the average rate of correct classification ranges from 46% to 89% depending on the set of texture measures used. The features extracted from the texture spectrum have more discriminating performance than the conventionally used Haralick measures derived from the cooccurrence matrix. 相似文献
6.
湖泊面积变化监测具有重要的科学和社会意义,使用中低分辨率卫星遥感数据进行大面积的湖泊面积变化监测有很多优势,但易受混合像元的影响。本文根据湖泊水体的遥感特性,发展了使用中低分辨率卫星遥感数据的混合像元分解算法,应用线性多端元混合像元分解技术,自动、快速地得到在每个像元中湖泊所占的面积百分比;在上述分类结果的基础上,基于地物的空间依存现象,建立空间吸引力的概念,用循环迭代的方法实现超过遥感影像自身分辨率的湖泊亚像元填图。在针对青藏高原不同季节不同地区的Modis影像的实践中,显示混合像元分解算法可以提供较高精度的软分类结果;使用迭代方法进行亚像元填图是简单高效的,具有很大的应用潜力。 相似文献
7.
针对煤矿掘进工作面视频光照较低、亮度不均、纹理模糊、噪声较多等问题,提出一种煤矿掘进工作面低照度视频增强算法。首先,利用卷积的可分离性将视频图像进行一维水平卷积与垂直卷积,再利用完美反射法实现视频图像自动白平衡,并使用图像混合增强技术提高视频图像整体亮度。然后,基于大气散射模型与暗通道先验方法,通过递归分割将图像分割为高光区、中间调和暗调区,并求取对应区间通道像素最大值,将其3者均值作为大气光照估计值,引入调节因子对透射率进行调整优化,并使用拉普拉斯锐化操作,增加图像高频成分、抑制图像低频成分,提高图像对比度。最后,基于改进的大气散射模型对掘进工作面低照度视频进行去雾处理。实验结果表明,视频增强算法能够对煤矿掘进工作面低照度视频进行实时增强、去雾处理,避免了视频图像暗淡、失真、模糊和突变等问题。相较于Retinex算法、ALTM算法和暗通道先验算法,视频增强算法大幅度提高了视频图像的信息熵、标准差和平均梯度,且具有较好的实时处理速度,能够为掘进工作面视频的目标识别、目标跟踪、目标监测和图像分割等后续处理提供优质、可靠的支撑。 相似文献
8.
Krishnendu Banerjee Manish Kumar Jain 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(2):239-247
This work illustrates the effectiveness of hyperspectal image spectroscopy and lab spectroscopy in identification techniques of minerals in alteration zone of ore body. The adopted procedure involves testing of Hyperion image spectra, their processing for noise, spectral matching and spectral similarity measurement with selected library spectra. Average weighted spectral similarity; visual and statistical matching techniques were used to select end-members from image spectra. Minimum noise fraction and pixel purity index technique were used to retrieve end-member spectra from hyperion image. Hyperspectral image like hyperion has the capability to deliver laboratory standard spectroscopic result. This paper illustrates the capability of hyperion image spectra in copper ore identification and mapping of chalcopyrite outcrop. A systematic approach has been made in this paper. This approach describes how image end member spectra and laboratory spectra can be co-related to fetch accurate spectral form of chalcopyrite ores. Thus, statistical and graphical comparison has been carried out between image derived end member spectra and laboratory spectra of chalcopyrite for better accuracy. The visual measurements is satisfactory, R = 0.973 for fine and 0.976 for medium grained chalcopyrite ore. Excellent statistical significance levels (90–97%) are found while comparing these spectra. There are many success stories of sub-pixel and N-dimensional feature space methods to separate the hydrothermal alteration zones from iron oxide mixed ore bodies. Thus, unmixing methods are very useful for mapping of most dominating mineral parts of a pixel from hyperspectral images which have coarse spatial resolution. Finally, mapping of mineralized zone has been achieved through sub-pixel based classifiers like spectral angle mapper (SAM), constrained energy minimization (CEM) and adaptive coherence estimator (ACE) techniques. 相似文献
9.
Daniel Buscombe 《Sedimentology》2013,60(7):1709-1732
In images of sedimentary or granular material, or simulations of binary (two‐phase) granular media, in which the individual grains are resolved, the complete size distribution of apparent grain axes is well‐approximated by the global power spectral density function derived using a Morlet wavelet. This approach overcomes many limitations of previous automated methods for estimating the grain‐size distribution from images, all of which rely on either: identification and segmentation of individual grains; calibration and/or relatively large sample sizes. The new method presented here is tested using: (i) various types of simulations of two‐phase media with a size distribution, with and without preferred orientation; (ii) 300 sample images drawn from 46 populations of sands and gravels from around the world, displaying a wide variability in origin (biogenic and mineralogical), size, surface texture and shape; (iii) petrographic thin section samples from nine populations of sedimentary rock; (iv) high‐resolution scans of marine sediment cores; and (v) non‐sedimentary natural granular patterns including sea ice and patterned ground. The grain‐size distribution obtained is equivalent to the distribution of apparent intermediate grain diameters, grid by number style. For images containing sufficient well‐resolved grains, root mean square errors are within tens of percent for percentiles across the entire grain‐size distribution. As such, this method is the first of its type which is completely transferable, unmodified, without calibration, for both consolidated and unconsolidated sediment, isotropic and anisotropic two‐phase media, and even non‐sedimentary granular patterns. The success of the wavelet approach is due, in part, to it quantifying both spectral and spatial information from the sediment image simultaneously, something which no previously developed technique is able to do. 相似文献
10.
利用人工神经网络方法检测地震剖面同相轴 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在地震勘探中,经过各种处理后最终得到用于解释的地震剖面实际上都可以看作是一些图像。这样,就可以从图像处理的观点来看问题,图像的特征有边缘和区域,那么,地震反射同相轴在地震剖面图像上,可以看作是一边缘。人工神经网络是近年来发展起来的一种新技术,它可以进行二维图像的边缘检测,基于这一点,把神经网络边缘检测技术应用到地震剖面上来检测地震反射界面,压制地震剖面上的随机干扰,从而改善地震图像的质量,达到提高地震资料信噪比和分辨率的目的。运用该技术对实际剖面进行了处理,效果很好,证明了方法的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
11.
颗粒土的微观力学行为（如土颗粒的运动与破碎等）决定着其宏观应力-应变行为,如应变局部化、应力硬化等。为研究颗粒土的微观力学行为,开发了一台微型三轴试验装置。它的轴向加载系统由伺服控制的步进转动马达与涡轮传动的减速器组成,围压由GDS压力控制器提供,压力室采用高透光率,高强度的轻质材料制成。借助于X射线显微CT及图像处理分析技术,该装置能实现对干砂土微尺寸试样（直径为8 mm,高度为16 mm）在三轴剪切条件下微观特性的无损检测。采用该三轴试验装置对粒径为0.60～1.18 mm 的LBS（Leighton Buzzard sand）试样在1.5 MPa的围压下进行了试验。结果显示,试验装置测得应力-应变曲线合理,显微CT 图像特征清晰,能够用于颗粒土体微观土力学行为的试验研究。 相似文献
12.
膨胀土裂隙图像处理及特征提取方法的改进 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
裂隙特征作为膨胀土裂隙研究的基础,其定量化描述有助于进一步研究裂隙对膨胀土工程性质的影响。以膨胀土平面裂隙为研究对象,使用数码摄影获取膨胀土裂隙图像,通过优化和改进裂隙图像处理方法及裂隙特征提取方法,获得膨胀土裂隙的各特征参数。对于裂隙图像处理方法,采用改进的局部阈值二值化方法,相比大津法能更好地将裂隙和背景区分开来,而通过标记连通区域的方法有效去除了裂隙二值图像中全局分布的细小杂点,同时,利用闭运算填充了裂隙图像中细小的孔洞和缺口,上述处理方法使裂隙二值图像更清晰可靠。对于裂隙特征提取方法,基于对裂隙端点和交点的快捷识别能力,选择了查找表方法作为裂隙条数统计的基础;改进了端点识别算法以去除毛刺,提高了裂隙长度统计的精度;采用改进的最小外接矩形算法进行裂隙宽度的统计,提高了计算精度,节省了计算时间;尝试采用玫瑰花图进行裂隙方向统计,更直观明了地分析裂隙方向及条数的变化规律。 相似文献
13.
颗粒流厚度及其演化趋势是碎屑流物理模型试验中重点关注的要素。目前试验中颗粒流厚度的监测主要有传感器监测、机械原件测量、人工测读等方法。随着计算机跨学科的应用及计算机数字图像处理技术的成熟,越来越多的数字图像处理技术被应用于工程地质领域。以颗粒流斜槽试验为依托,基于自适应中值滤波、图像二值化、图像腐蚀及种子填充等数字图像处理方法,对高速相机所采集的颗粒流图像序列进行处理分析并编制了相关程序,实现了连续提取颗粒流运动过程中的厚度值。分析结果表明:基于数字图像处理方法提取的颗粒流厚度在颗粒流主体区段与实测厚度值相吻合,在颗粒流尾部由于颗粒离散会存在一定的偏差,主要是由于部分三维空间中的颗粒在二维图像中呈现出重叠的形式,造成颗粒连续的假象。总体而言,通过该方法获取的颗粒流厚度值在一定条件下具有较高的精度,相比于其他方法具有效率高、获取参数多、采样频率高、扰动低等优势,可作为颗粒流试验中流态参数动态获取的常规方法之一。 相似文献
14.
基于TerraSAR-X强度图像相关法测量三峡树坪滑坡时空形变 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
三峡工程蓄水之后,有可能引起两岸滑坡的发生.本文以三峡库区树坪为研究区域,对不同时相的TerraSAR-X的强度图进行相关计算,求解出2009年2月至2009年10月期间发生的滑坡位移场时空演化.结果表明,在滑坡发生的前几个月,累积变形量很小;在滑坡发生的两三个月当中,变形量比较大,平均位移达到51cm;之后的几个月中,变形量又恢复到平静期的数值,与布设在该区的位移伸缩计结果一致.从本文的研究可以看出,该方法不仅能计算出滑坡引起的形变场,而且能探测地面形变的早期信号,可以用它作为三峡库区未来滑坡监测的重要技术手段. 相似文献
15.
16.
Vasudev Singh Trilok Nath Singh Veerendra Singh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(7-8):1163-1171
During the mining operation, ore sorting and directing different grade ores to different processing circuits is a manual task in most of working mines, but this work puts a step forward toward automation of this process. The radical development in the area of image and data processing allows speedy processing of the full color digital images for the preferred investigations. In this paper, an approach has been proposed to classify the ores for blast furnace feed, based on the visual texture of the ore particles. The visual texture of ore particles vary with the mineral contents, for example, blue dust, hard ore, soft ore, etc. This information can be quantified by using image processing technique in red, green, and blue color space and first- and second-order statistical analysis. Commonly used Hartlics textural features were calculated along with red, green, and blue color values for 5?×?5-pixel size windowpanes extracted from five separate images. Results obtained show encouraging accuracy to apply the approach to develop an expert system for online ore quality monitoring to control the ore blending in the feed ore circuits as well as separating gangue minerals present in the feed ores. Matlab 6.5 was used for visual textural analysis and classification. 相似文献
17.
Textural identification of basaltic rock mass using image processing and neural network 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Naresh Singh T. N. Singh Avyaktanand Tiwary Kripa M. Sarkar 《Computational Geosciences》2010,14(2):301-310
A new approach to identify the texture based on image processing of thin sections of different basalt rock samples is proposed
here. This methodology uses RGB or grayscale image of thin section of rock sample as an input and extracts 27 numerical parameters.
A multilayer perceptron neural network takes as input these parameters and provides, as output, the estimated class of texture
of rock. For this purpose, we have use 300 different thin sections and extract 27 parameters from each one to train the neural
network, which identifies the texture of input image according to previously defined classification. To test the methodology,
90 images (30 in each section) from different thin sections of different areas are used. This methodology has shown 92.22%
accuracy to automatically identify the textures of basaltic rock using digitized image of thin sections of 140 rock samples.
Therefore, present technique is further promising in geosciences and can be used to identify the texture of rock fast and
accurate. 相似文献
18.
纹理特征辅助的S AR影像冰川识别 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
青藏高原的冰川监测对气候变化研究有着重要的意义,通过遥感图像可以大范围长时间的监测冰川的变化,识别冰川边界是研究的重点。为了研究SAR影像纹理特征在冰川识别中的作用,以喀喇昆仑山地区的克勒青河上游为研究区,利用2018年Sentinel-1A数据进行干涉处理得到相干系数,然后基于相干系数提取了均值、方差、同质性、反差、相异性、熵、相关性共7种纹理特征,并对不同纹理特征组合之间的提取效果进行了比较。结果表明VV极化方式下均值、方差、同质性、相异性的特征组合冰川识别效果最好。据此提取了克勒青河上游区域的冰川边界,最高精度达到91.36%,该方法明显优于基于相干系数图的阈值分割法和基于光学影像的波段比值法,冰川识别精度提高了约2%。 相似文献
19.
密度分层组合成技术是通过对遥感图象密度层次的分折,以突出影象的结构信息为主的一种光孚图象处理方法。根据不同密度层次的多波段遥感图象具有不同类别结构的“信息丰度”的原理,通过对分层片的组合处理,比较成功地对影象信息进行增强和提取,从而获得较好的地质解译效果。实践表明,它不仅对构造解译是有效的,而且对地层、岩性解译也是可行的。在矿床、矿田构造解译力面,它可以获得一些以前没有被认识的信息。本文是基于对我国某铀矿田的卫片进行密度分层处理和解译,提出了矿田受菱形断裂构造块体控制的看法。它对认识铀矿田的构造特点,指导找矿是有一定意义的。 相似文献
20.
高光谱遥感影像分类是高光谱遥感影像处理和应用的重要组成部分。然而,高光谱遥感影像具有波段数量较多和空间分辨率较高等特点,给分类任务带来一定的挑战。为了提高分类精度,充分利用影像的空间信息和像素间的局部信息,提出一种引导滤波联合局部判别嵌入的高光谱影像分类方法。首先,对高光谱遥感影像进行归一化,利用主成分分析方法实现特征提取,将提取的第一主成分影像作为引导图像;其次,采用引导滤波分别提取各波段影像的空间特征;然后,将提取的空间影像特征进行叠加,通过局部Fisher判别分析完成低维嵌入;最后,将得到的低维嵌入特征输入支持向量机分类器得到分类结果。采用Indian Pines和Pavia University两幅高光谱影像进行实验的结果表明：在分别从各类地物中随机选取10%和100个样本作为训练样本的情况下,其总体分类精度分别提高到98.28%和99.45%;对比其他相关方法,该方法能够获取更高的分类精度。该方法在低维嵌入的同时,有效利用了影像的空间信息,改善了分类效果。 相似文献