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高黎贡山地区的傈僳族狩猎文化与生物多样性保护 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
艾怀森 《云南地理环境研究》1999,11(1):75-80
根据１９９７ 年１～８ 月对高黎贡山地区的傈僳族狩猎文化进行的广泛的田野调查,收集了大量的图文资料,在田野调查的基础上,从狩猎形式及狩猎工具,自然历法与狩猎,猎神崇拜、图腾崇拜及祭祀活动,猎狩歌舞等方面揭示了高黎贡山地区傈僳族狩猎文化的内涵,同时通过调查揭示了傈僳族狩猎文化与生物多样性保护的关系,如果认真地剔除其中宗教和迷信的部分,就能为建立新型的容易为当地公众接受的自然保护伦理观念奠定科学的基础。 相似文献
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北京翠湖湿地鸟类资源现状及保护对策 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2009-2011年对翠湖湿地鸟类进行了调查。结果发现:翠湖湿地记录到鸟类17目40科166种,其中非雀形目鸟类108种,雀形目58种。从居留型来看,旅鸟种类数量最多,留鸟和夏候鸟次之,冬候鸟最少。翠湖湿地拥有多种珍稀濒危鸟类,其中属于国家重点保护野生动物(2003)的34种,属于北京市保护野生动物(2007)的68种;翠湖湿地还拥有一些被列入双边国际协定保护中的候鸟,如《中日候鸟保护协定》、《中澳候鸟保护协定》。翠湖湿地鸟类生物多样性十分丰富,在保护野生动植物和候鸟方面发挥着重要的作用。 相似文献
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调查的基础L，统计了太岳山种子植物有97科、316属、575种（含变种），分析了该区系的主要特征，即植物区系地理成分复杂，温带成分占优势；植物资源种类丰富，区系起源古老；植物区系具明显的过渡性；植被类型复杂，具明显的垂直分布．对该区野生经济植物进行了分类统计，为植物资源合理利用与生物多样性保护提供了基础资料穹科学依据． 相似文献
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基于人类土地利用活动对不同生态系统生物多样性保护服务的影响,构建生态系统综合人类扰动指数,结合不同级别的生物多样性保护区域 (一般重要、中等重要、重要、极重要四个级别) 从全国尺度及区域尺度分析了中国1990-2010年土地利用变化对生物多样性保护重点区域的扰动。结果表明：就2010年现状而言,我国中东部地区人类扰动程度较大,西部地区人类扰动程度较低,全国生物多样性保护中等重要、重要、极重要区域的人类扰动程度低于全国整体 (包括所有级别) 均值。就20年来人类扰动程度变化态势而言,全国中东部人类扰动程度变化幅度总体高于西部,生物多样性保护中等重要、重要、极重要区域人类扰动程度均呈轻微上升趋势,但增加幅度低于全国整体增加幅度。随着东部地区的快速城市化以及东北、新疆等地区的农田开垦等土地利用活动,生物多样性保护中等重要、重要、极重要区域等重点区域人类扰动程度呈现上升趋势,应引起重视;而随着黄土高原等地区退耕还林还草工程的实施,人类扰动程度整体则呈现一定的下降趋势。青藏高原区扰动变化幅度很小,几乎没有变化。总体而言,中国目前陆地国土开发利用的空间格局与生物多样性保护保护重要区域的空间分布是相互匹配的,这有利于国家生物多样性保护的整体布局。同时,20年来生态系统综合人类扰动指数变幅的区域分异也与生物多样性保护重要性空间格局相吻合,说明20年来针对生态保护的各项政策与措施在减少生物多样性保护重点区域人类扰动方面产生了积极的成效。 相似文献
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西部荒漠地区的湿地和水禽多样性 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
我国西部荒漠地区约有自然和人工湿地 96 180km2 ,这些湿地按成因分为断层陷落积水成湿地 ,冰川湖湿地 ,地下水浅出湿地 ,灌溉退水湿地和人工湿地。栖息着《湿地公约》规定的水禽 14 2种 ,占我国水禽种数的5 4 .8% ,其中繁殖种类 74种 ,占 5 2 .1%。列入国家野生动物重点保护名录的 2 6种 ,占 18.3% ,占我国列入保护名录水禽种数的 5 0 .0 %。列入《濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)的 12种 ,占 8.4 % ;列入《中日候鸟及其栖息环境保护协定》的 84种 ,占 5 9.2 %。荒漠地区湿地对水禽迁徙、繁殖、越冬有着特殊重要的作用。自然环境改变 ,尤其气候变干旱和人类活动严重影响着荒漠地区湿地的存在 ,对水禽的物种多样性和种群数量产生了强烈影响。应加强荒漠地区湿地保护 相似文献
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庐山野生观赏植物资源多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
庐山是我国著名的风景旅游和避暑胜地，也是我国中亚热带北缘植物多样性的宝库。本文在广泛调查、收集、整理的基础上，研究了庐山野生观赏植物资源多样性特征、分布、类型及其配置。本区分布有野生观赏植物528种，隶属于115科290属，其中乔木类138种，灌木类140种，藤木类52种，草本类198种。并根据开发与保护现状对庐山野生观赏植物资源多样性的持续利用提出了切实可行的对策。 相似文献
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生物多样性热点区域的识别及其胁迫因素的分析为生物多样性的保护和恢复提供了有效途径。当前研究大多将物种多样性及其受威胁状况结合起来确定需优先保护的热点区域,缺乏在识别生物多样性热点区域的基础上对其胁迫状况的深入分析。文章基于广东省动植物物种、生态系统林分类型、土地利用等多源数据,利用植物物种多样性、动物物种多样性和景观多样性构建陆地生物多样性热度指标,进而识别生物多样性热点区域,并在此基础上根据生物多样性面临的主要威胁分析了生物多样性受胁迫程度及主导胁迫因子。结果表明：1)广东省陆地生物多样性热度高值区主要分布在人类干扰相对较小的山区,基于热度值分区识别出云雾山、南岭、罗浮山、莲花山4个生物多样性热点区域,总面积达59 931.82 km2,占广东省陆域面积的33.58%。2)热点区域内各类保护区面积合计6 594.39 km2,约为广东省所有陆域保护区面积的61.33%,涉及广东省全部204个陆域保护区中的122个。热点区域内保护区的面积仅为热点区域总面积的11.00%,生物多样性仍有大量潜在的保护需求。3)在4个热点区域中,云雾山生物多样性... 相似文献
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土库曼斯坦与中国新疆在地理地形、景观带以及气候特征等诸多方面具有相似之处,这些因素共同决定了二者在物种多样性方面的相似性与可比性,加之人类活动影响加剧,两地物种多样性均遭受着严重的威胁。在对土库曼斯坦和中国新疆现有物种多样性数据进行总结的基础上,分析了二者的物种多样性现状、珍稀动植物特征以及濒危种和入侵种相关研究进展,对比了二者在物种多样性年际尺度上的异同,总结了土库曼斯坦与中国新疆物种多样性保护现状与相关政策,以期为深入开展两地生物多样性合作与交流提供支持。 相似文献
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Cleophas Lado 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2004,24(4):281-302
This paper examines farmers’ ethnobotanical knowledge, innovation and rural change, and indicates one way in which indigenous technical knowledge complementing scientific knowledge may be documented for use by development planners and agencies. This paper firstly identifies plant species recognised as resources by farmers, and considers the value of these resources. Secondly, the paper documents and assesses the ethnobotanical knowledge associated with the utilisation of plant species, before turning to examine how plant resources are defined by use and culture. It also demonstrates that some components of ethnobotanical knowledge have potential for the sustainable development of plant species. The study shows that farmers have started to domesticate some of the ‘traditional’ plants, and new crops have been introduced associated with corresponding innovations in local agricultural systems. Since the farmers have a relatively strong tradition in natural resources conservation, this study suggests that it will be possible to introduce community-based gene banks linked to formal or government facilities. The paper demonstrates that it is important to combine and interweave ‘modern’ and indigenous knowledges to produce a more realistic and sensitive understanding and management of natural environmental resources for sustainable development. 相似文献
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云南南滚河自然保护区大中型陆生哺乳动物初步调查 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
During surveys for wild felids in Nangunhe Nature Reserve, Yunnan province, China, we conducted a wider mammal survey of the core nature reserve area, using camera trapping techniques. Forty motion-triggered digital camera traps had been set in oldest forest tract of protected area to conduct a species inventory. The total camera trapping effort of 2460 camera trap nights yielded 232 digital photographs of mammals represented by 17 species in five orders. The species photographed include rare and elusive species and those that are of high conservation value, such as IUCN endangered species Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus), and Phayre’s leaf monkey (Trachypit hecus phayrei). In addition, IUCN vulnerable species including Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), sambar (Rusa unicolor), northern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca leonine), and marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata), and more common species were found. All mammals were also listed as key protected wild animals by the State Forestry Administration of China. Of particular importance were the carnivores, with 7 different species recorded. Ungulates and other taxa forming a prey base for these predators,such as rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), red muntjac (Muntiacus muntjac), sambar, wild boar (Sus scrofa), and Chinese serow (Capricornis milneedwardsii), were found to be the most frequently photographed and most widespread species. Opportunities for local people to develop standardized monitoring designs for targeted species were identified by these initial assessment results. Local nature reserve staff lacked technical ability to produce standardized survey designs, yet a by product of this type of non-standardized data collection can be very informative and produce inventory information that gives a species richness analysis, as well as initial estimates for occupancy and detection probability for abundant species to drive future standardized survey designs and efforts. 相似文献
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中国湿地植被及其保护对策 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
我国湿地植物资源十分丰富,野生高等植物有225科815属2276种,具有植物种类丰富、区系成分复杂和广布种多的特点。湿地植被划分为7个植被型组,16个植被型,180个群系。湿地植被的分布受自然条件的影响和自然分异规律的控制,在东北地区、青藏高原区等不同地区具有明显的变化。湿地植物与植被正面临着来自人类的巨大威胁,主要威胁因子有围垦、滥采乱挖、环境污染、肆意侵占和盲目开发等,导致湿地植物与植被持续减少、生态功能退化乃至丧失,已难以满足保障湿地区生态安全的需求。根据面临的威胁和问题,应对特殊的、稀有的或作为水禽栖息地的湿地植被以及红树林加强保护,坚持保护和合理利用相结合的原则。 相似文献
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我国固沙植物引种的历史及展望 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文通过对我国固沙植物引种工作近三十五年历史的回顾,总结了工作取得的成就,其中包括:发掘野生固沙植物资源和引进国外固沙植物的概况.选引的固沙植物在我国沙漠改造利用和沙漠化防治工作中所起的作用,固沙植物引种驯化的理论和方法,并根据上述工作基础,对引种机构、研究水平和深度,以及研究内容等方面的发展进行了预测。 相似文献
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We determined the contribution of ligneous species to the diet of cattle, sheep and goats across three agro-ecological zones of Burkina Faso, and assessed their ethno-veterinary uses by livestock keepers. Regular observation and GPS-tracking of one cattle, one sheep and one goat herd each in three villages served the investigation of browsing activities on pasture. Livestock keepers (25 per village) were interviewed on the use of ligneous plants by livestock and for disease treatment, and on changes in use over the past two decades.Across the three zones 75 species were of importance. Cattle preferred Afzelia africana, Pterocarpus erinaceus and Piliostigma sp., while small ruminants primarily fed on Balanites aegyptiaca, Ziziphus mauritiana and Acacia sp. Contribution of browsing to daily eating time was highest for goats across seasons and zones; for sheep and cattle browsing was important during the hot dry season with no differences between zones. Livestock keepers reported increasing browse use by their animals, while browse species use for traditional animal health care has decreased. The combination of anthropogenic pressures and climate change affect survival and regeneration of the most preferred trees and shrubs, and threaten livestock keepers' current management practices; this needs to be counteracted adequately. 相似文献
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Better understanding of plant community structure in relationship to land use history and nitrogen (N) will facilitate grassland conservation and projections of community succession under future N deposition. We conducted a field experiment in northern China to examine the influence of 2-year N addition on species composition and community structure in three temperate grasslands with different land use history: steppe fenced for two years (ST), steppe fenced for five years (SF), and old field grassland fenced for five years (OF). The results showed previous farming reduced species diversity and plant cover, which is mainly caused by decrease in perennial grasses (PG) and forbs (PF). Nitrogen addition increased plant cover, especially the PG cover, but had little effects on species diversity. Nitrogen enrichment also has a tendency to alter community composition by decreasing proportional cover of PF but increasing that of PG and annuals and biennials (AB), suggesting enhanced dominance of PG under increasing N deposition. Irrespective of the short-term (2 years) experimental periods, our findings highlight the dominant role of land use history in structuring plant community, and have valuable implications for grassland conservation and model projections of ecosystem succession under global scenarios of N deposition in the semi-arid grasslands. 相似文献
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本文报导了南极大陆沿海伯尔顿湖两种越冬浮游动物:双刺镰状水蚤和球栉水母的耐热和耐过冷能力的实验.结果表明,两种动物具有较强的温度耐性,其12小时LD_(50)的上、下限温度,雌性双刺镰状水蚤可在14.8℃和—10℃偏下,球栉水母可在13.1℃和—8℃偏下.它们忍受的温度范围大于其他一些南极沿岸海洋无脊椎动物的.这两种动物的耐温能力有明显的季节差异,表明动物具有较强的适应环境温度变化和生理调节能力,这可能是受环境温度自然驯化的结果. 相似文献
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Artur Szymczyk 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2012,48(3):503-516
This paper explores relations between assemblages of carpological remains and vegetation in and around a small, shallow reservoir in southern Poland. The study was conducted from 2006 to 2008. Quantity and distribution of species in the reservoir were recorded annually during the growing season. In October 2008, 40 samples of surface sediment (top 2?cm) were collected along transects at 10?m intervals. Samples of 100?cm3 were prepared for analysis of plant macroremains. Assemblages of carpological remains generally reflect local vegetation well. In some cases, however, even analysis of numerous samples failed to fully capture the species composition or reflect plant ratios in the parent phytocenosis. Reasons for this include factors that affect seed production, transport and fossilization, which differ among species. Among the best-represented macroremains were plants of the rush phytocenosis. In analysed samples, macroremains of 68.8?% of extant rushes were identified. Sixty percent of submerged and floating-leaf taxa were found in carpological samples, whereas 26.7?% of the trees and bushes were represented in sediment deposits. Species composition of phytocenoses in the reservoir and in surrounding areas was best reflected by macroremains from the nearby reed bed. Numbers of diaspores of Mentha aquatica, Hippuris vulgaris and Carex reflected well their relative abundance in phytocenoses. Chara sp., Juncus inflexus and Eupatorium cannabinum were overrepresented, whereas Typha latifolia and Sparganium minimum were poorly represented in relation to contemporary plant cover. There were no diaspores of Phragmites australis, which dominates the contemporary reed bed. Besides the shape of a reservoir, the key factor influencing diaspore numbers is distribution of plant cover. In many cases, single diaspores (Potentilla erecta, Myosotis scorpioides, Lythrum salicaria, Scutellaria galericulata), or higher concentrations (Hippuris vulgaris, Mentha aquatica, Eleocharis palustris, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Chara sp.) reflected well the location of parent vegetation. The findings indicate that carpological remains in sediments can be an important source of information about plants in and around lakes. They generally reflect well local vegetation and in some cases may be used to identify taxa that dominated in the past. 相似文献
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江苏宜兴骆驼墩遗址地层7500～5400BC的海侵事件记录 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在考古发掘基础上,野外共采集样品217个,对遗址地层剖面中63个样品进行了有孔虫、植物碎屑及种子化石等的鉴定分析,对4个地层相关样品进行了14C测年及相关分析。在第10层的泥炭层中发现底栖有孔虫2种1属,即压扁卷转虫（Ammonia compressiuscula）和近亲卷转虫相似种（Ammonia cff.sobrina）,表明全新世以来骆驼墩遗址及其附近区域在马家浜文化出现之前的7500-5400BC之间曾经历过海侵事件;共发现植物化石9种450颗,鉴定结果共统计出4（科）属,即Polygonum sp.（蓼属未定种）、Scirpus sp.（藨草属未定种）、Najas sp.（茨藻属未定种）、Physalis sp.（酸浆属未定种）,多属湖泊、沼泽等水生环境。 相似文献
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A comparative ethnobotanical study was carried out in two rural communities in northwest Patagonia. The methodology involved semi structured interviews and free listing, through which richness and use patterns of fuel species were registered, as well as socioeconomic factors and alternative fuel sources such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and animal dung. Firewood was found to be a subsistence resource, complemented with the purchase of other firewood resources and the use of alternative fuels. A total of 21 species were registered, of which 18 were native species and 3 exotic; 12 fuel species were used by both communities. The species with highest use consensus were Berberis microphylla (michay), Lycium sp. (montenegro) and Senecio subulatus (romerillo) in the Laguna Blanca community, and Salix sp. (sauce) and S. subulatus in Comallo. Collection is mainly carried out on foot. Whereas the inhabitants of Laguna Blanca cover large distances in order to collect native woods, in Comallo this is made easier by the use of prunings from urban tree planting, obtained closer to dwellings. This is an interesting result since the recycling of biological products to supplement firewood, together with forestation practices, could contribute to the resilience processes of inhabitants of these arid, hostile environments. We propose that the use of multiple fuel resources could be an indicator of ecological–social resilience processes. 相似文献